scholarly journals Expression of Lipolytic Genes in the Adipose Tissue of Pregnant and Lactating Holstein Dairy Cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 5237-5246 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Sumner ◽  
J.P. McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cattle

scholarly journals Insulin restores GH responsiveness during lactation-induced negative energy balance in dairy cattle: effects on expression of IGF-I and GH receptor 1A

2003 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST Butler ◽  
AL Marr ◽  
SH Pelton ◽  
RP Radcliff ◽  
MC Lucy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Gh Receptor ◽  
Igf I

Early lactation in dairy cattle is a period of severe negative energy balance (NEB) characterized by reduced blood glucose and insulin concentrations and elevated blood GH concentrations. The liver is refractory to GH during NEB and this uncoupling of the GH-IGF axis results in diminished plasma concentrations of IGF-I. Our objectives were to examine the effects of insulin administration during the immediate postpartum period on plasma IGF-I and GH concentrations and to examine the hepatic expression of total GH receptors (all GH receptor transcripts), GH receptor 1A (GHR 1A) and IGF-I. In addition, we examined adipose tissue for total GH receptor and IGF-I mRNA levels to establish the effects of chronic hyperinsulinemia on an insulin-responsive peripheral tissue. Holstein cows (n=14) were subjected to either a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (insulin; INS) or saline infusion (control; CTL) for 96 h starting on day 10 postpartum. Insulin was infused i.v. (1 micro g/kg body weight per h), blood samples were collected hourly, and euglycemia was maintained by infusion of glucose. Insulin concentrations during the infusions were increased 8-fold in INS compared with CTL cows (2.33+/-0.14 vs 0.27+/-0.14 ng/ml (S.E.M.); P<0.001) while blood glucose concentrations were not different between treatments (45.3+/-2.2 vs 42.5+/-2.2 mg/dl; P>0.1). Plasma IGF-I increased continuously during the insulin infusion, and reached the highest concentrations at the end of the clamp, being almost 4-fold higher in INS compared with CTL cows (117+/-4 vs 30+/-4 ng/ml; P<0.001). Hepatic expression of GHR 1A and IGF-I mRNA was low in CTL cows, but was increased 3.6-fold (P<0.05) and 6.3-fold (P<0.001) respectively in INS cows. By contrast, in adipose tissue the changes in gene expression in response to insulin were reversed with decreases in both total GHR and IGF-I mRNA. The expressions of GHR 1A and IGF-I mRNA in liver tissue were correlated in INS (r=0.86; P<0.05), but not CTL cows (r=0.43; P>0.1). Insulin appears to be a key metabolic signal in coupling the GH-IGF axis, thus orchestrating a marked elevation in circulating IGF-I concentrations.

143 Therapeutic efficacy and safety of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treating mastitis and metritis in dairy cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
R. Singh ◽  
V. Bhaskar ◽  
S. Saini ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
A. Thakur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Safety And Efficacy

Mastitis and metritis are two inflammatory diseases with high economic impact on dairy industry and farmers are losing revenues. Antibiotic treatment for these disease conditions typically achieve suboptimal outcomes. Moreover, emerging antibiotic resistance in mastitis and metritis worldwide has a severe effect on productivity, fertility, and lifespan of animals. A paradigm shift in treatment strategies is much needed for these animals. Attracting properties of mesenchymal stem cells may act as an alternative strategy for treating these diseases. In addition to their ability to differentiate into multiple types of cells, mesenchymal stem cells can orchestrate immune responses and modulate tissue microenvironments. In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of adipose tissue–derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSC) for mastitis and metritis. A well-characterised adipose-derived stem cell line with 3–5 passages cells were used for treatment for these diseases. In a safety trial, mastitis- and metritis-infected cattle were administered with 1×106 cells of AT-MSC through different routes (local, IV, IV+local). Animals were clinically evaluated during 15 days of the experimental period and blood samples were collected for hemogram determination. The efficacy was checked under both invivo and invitro conditions. Invitro efficiency of AT-MSC was determined using a transwell plate experiment, in which AT-MSC were co-cultured with bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus). Invivo efficiency was evaluated by administration of in 2mL (1×106 cells) of AT-MSC dose; then, somatic cell count (SCC) in milk of mastitic cattle and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell count in cervical vaginal fluid (CVF) of metritic cattle were determined. Gene expression profiling of antimicrobial (cathelicidin, lipocalin, cystatin) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-6, IL-10) peptides were quantified in all groups: IV, local, IV+local, and control ATB (antibiotic). Allogenic AT-MSC did not induce any immunological rejection response in treated animals. A significant reduction of bacteria in CVF invitro when co-cultured with AT-MSC was observed. The PMN count was significantly reduced in CVF of the IV+local group. The SCC in milk of mastitic animals was decreased in the local (intramammary) group. Maximum expression of IL-6, IL-10, cathelicidin, lipocalin, and cystatin and angiopoietin genes were observed on Day 3 followed by Day 7 in the local group in case of mastitis. In metritis, expression of IL-6, IL-10, cathelicidin, lipocalin, cystatin, and angiopoietin were observed at Day 3 in the IV+local group. All mastitic and metritic cattle were completely and permanently cured within 30 days after treatment with mesenchymal stem cells. In conclusion, we provide initial evidence for the use of allogenic AT-MSC and their safety and efficacy to treat mastitis and metritis in dairy cattle.

scholarly journals Factors affecting dry matter intake prepartum in relationship to etiology of peripartum lipid-related metabolic disorders: A review

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hayirli ◽  
R. R. Grummer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Hepatic Lipidosis ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Periparturient Period

Transition from gestation to lactation is a tremendous challenge for dairy cattle and requires metabolic and hormonal adjustments. The periparturient period, particularly the last week of gestation, is characterized by a dramatic decline (20 to 40%) in dry matter intake (DMI) prior to parturition and a slow rate of increase in DMI after parturition. As a result of negative energy balance during the periparturient period, excessive fat mobilization in adipose tissue and inability of disposing fatty acids (F A) via β-oxidation and exporting triglyceride (TG) as very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) in the liver cause hepatic lipidosis. Controlling hepatic lipidosis, therefore, depends on either limiting non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) uptake by the liver or increasing oxidation of FA and export of TG by the liver, or both. Results of studies regarding lipid metabolism in the liver to minimize lipidosis are controversial. Thus, until factor(s) limiting hepatic VLDL-TG export are identified, limiting fat mobilization from adipose tissue will play a key role in prevention of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. Depression in DMI prior to parturition shifts metabolism from anabolism to catabolism. Animal factors such as parity and body condition score and dietary factors such as density of organic nutrients influence DMI. Particularly, increasing energy density of the transition cow diet, without causing acidosis, by supplemental nonstructural carbohydrate (NFC) increases DMI and serum insulin concentration, which suppress lipolysis in adipose tissue and favors anabolic status. In summary, level of DMI and magnitude of DMI depression prior to parturition are linked to the etiology of postpartum lipid-related metabolic disorders. Thus, easing transition from gestation to lactation by offering high dietary NFC in consideration with other factors allows cows to produce more milk, become healthier, and be rebred sooner during postpartum. Key words: Periparturient dairy cattle, dry matter intake, hepatic lipidosis, ketosis

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