Milk adulteration: Detection of bovine milk in bulk goat milk produced by smallholders in northeastern Brazil by a duplex PCR assay

Adulteration of milk and dairy products with different types of milk, other than declared, presents a big problem for food monitoring. The evidence of milk adulteration is a difficult task considering similar compositions of various types of milk. The presented review is therefore focused on the study of the composition of milk from different animal species. The aim is to find a useful marker component for the adulterant detection. The analysis of milk proteins is a suitable solution of this problem. The techniques used for research in this area were also studied. As prospective techniques, immunological techniques and techniques based on DNA analysis are especially considered. The first ones are able to determine 0.5% of different milk adulterant, and the second ones even as little as 0.1%. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of individual milk adulterants in samples. The most frequent adulteration of ewe and goat milk is its replacement with less expensive and more plentiful bovine milk. Not so typical adulteration is the presence of goat milk in ewe milk or the detection of bovine milk as adulterant in buffalo mozzarella cheese.  

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Polymerase chain reaction detection of S and Z alpha-1-antitrypsin variants by duplex PCR assay

Molecular and Cellular Probes ◽

10.1006/mcpr.1999.0264 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 389-391 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G Lucotte ◽

R Sesboüé

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Duplex Pcr ◽

Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Alpha 1 Antitrypsin ◽

Duplex Pcr Assay

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Detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli Infection by Duplex PCR Assay Based on Telomeric Sequences

Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology ◽

10.1128/cdli.10.5.775-779.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 775-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Miguel Angel Chiurillo ◽

Gladys Crisante ◽

Agustina Rojas ◽

Andreina Peralta ◽

Manuel Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Duplex Pcr ◽

Trypanosoma Rangeli ◽

Pcr Assay ◽

Telomeric Sequences ◽

Species Specific ◽

Duplex Pcr Assay ◽

Reduviid Bugs

ABSTRACT We used the species specificity and repetitious nature of subtelomeric kinetoplastida sequences to generate a duplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli in experimentally and naturally infected triatomine (Reduviid) bugs and in infected human subjects. The assay was species specific and was capable of detecting 1/20th of T. cruzi and 1/4th of T. rangeli cell equivalents without complementary hybridization. In addition, the PCR-based assay was robust enough for direct application to difficult biological samples such as Reduviid feces or guts and was capable of recognizing all T. cruzi and T. rangeli strains and lineages. Because the assay primers amplify entirely different target sequences, no reaction interference was observed, facilitating future adaptation of this assay to an automated format.

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