Penentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Metanol, Etil Asetat dan Heksana Tanaman Ruku-Ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum l.) dengan Metode DPPH

Tanaman ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) merupakan herbal yang banyak digunakan masyarakat dalam pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi antioksidan dari seluruh komponen yang bersifat polar, semipolar dan nonpolar dengan menguji aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak methanol, etil asetat dan heksana tanaman ruku-ruku. Simplisia daun dan batang ruku-ruku dimaserasi dengan metanol, etil asetat dan heksana. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak methanol, etil asetat dan heksana dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak etil asetat memberikan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ekstrak metanol dan heksana. Aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etil asetat diperoleh dengan nilai IC50 1503.58 µg/mL. Berdasarkan nilai IC50 ekstrak etil asetat tanaman ruku-ruku memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lemah

Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Herbal Soap

Bacterial skin infections are most common amongst people, requiring significant attention for treatment and also for maintaining healthy skin. Some herbal plant extracts and their oils were found to have antibacterial activity. The aim and objective of the present study are to formulate and evaluate anti-bacterial herbal soap using Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum oils. The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulations was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the organisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and, Escherichia coli and they exhibited a good anti-bacterial effect. The prepared formulations were evaluated for various physicochemical parameters for which good characteristics were observed. The easy availability of plants and their effectiveness helps manufacturers with cost-effective benefits and with less or no side effects.

Impact of Four Plant Extracts on Bactrocera dorsalis a Pest on Fruits

Menthol extracts of four local plants (Ocimum tenuiflorum, Hibiscus, Mentha longifolia and Bougainvillea glabra) were analysed to check their toxicity on third instar larvae of B. dorsalis by estimating the larval mortality for four plant extracts and different times exposure (1-5 hr) and measured LT50 value for each plant extract. Larval mortality varies for extract of each studied plant as Ocimum tenuiflorum showed its highest value of 56.68% at 4.57hr, for hibiscus it was 72% at 3.5 hr., for Mentha longifolia it was 95.23% at 4 hr., while for Bougainvillea glabra it was 100% at 2 hr. exposure. The LT50 values for B. dorsalis varying from 1.011 for Bougainvillea glabra to 2.946 for Ocimum tenuiflorum whereas LT50 values were 1.402 and 1.123, forHibiscus and Mentha longifolia respectively. Present study results showed that Bougainvillea glabra was highly toxic whereas Ocimum tenuiflorum shows least toxicity.

Efficacy in degradation of carcinogenic pollutant sulforhodamine B by green synthesized silver nanoparticles

Colloidal Silver nano-particles were grown at room temperature using leaf extract of Ocimum tenuiflorum. The silver nanoparticles suspended in the solution were found to be stable for over a period of 2 months. Structural, optical and photo catalytic behavior of the suspended silver (Ag) nano-particles (NPs) was characterized. From TEM analysis the size of the silver nanoparticles was estimated to be 25–30 nm. Our findings suggest that the ratio between the molarity of AgNO3 and the volume of leaf extract does not have any role in controlling the size of the Ag nano-particles. These green synthesized Ag nano-particles exhibit degradation of the carcinogenic organic pollutant sulforhodamine B in absence of light.

Systematic Analysis of Compounds Present in Ocimum Tenuiflorum (Tulsi) Regarding its Anti-Inflammatory Properties Using In-Silico Techniques

The objective of this study was to gather data, create a database of the compounds present in Ocimum tenuiflorum (O. tenuiflorum), and gather related literature on the compounds found. A thor-ough literature search was performed to gather in-formation on compounds present in O. tenuiflorum, including chemical structures, relative abundance, presence in different plant parts, and availability from chemical supply vendors. The compounds’ chemical structures were refined using Discovery Studio Visualizer and Chimera software for future in-silico docking studies. The structures with cleaned structural geometry were obtained through D.S. Vis-ualizer for docking in the future. From the literature search of previously presented articles, it was found that methyl eugenol had the greatest percent com-position in O. tenuiflorum. After searching the Pro-tein Data Bank, COX-1, COX-2, and NF Kappa B were found to be the main protein targets of O. ten-uiflorum compounds in the arachidonic acid inflamematory pathway. Thus, the anti-inflammatory proper-ties of O. tenuiflorum have been analyzed in this ar-ticle for future in silico docking.

Development of an elicitation strategy on enhanced accumulation of oleanolic acid in suspension cultures of Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn. is an important aromatic medicinal plant which produces several secondary metabolites responsible for diverse pharmacological activities. The present study focuses on enhanced production of biomass as well as oleanolic acid (OA), an anticancer and antioxidant compound, in suspension cell cultures of O. tenuiflorum upon elicitation with different elicitors. Leaf explants derived friable calli were inoculated intol iquid Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing plant growth regulators [0.25 mg/L of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzyl amino purine (BAP)] for the establishment of suspension cultures. Influence of several factors such as, age of the suspension cultures, different concentrations, and exposure times of various elicitors such as yeast extract (YE), methyl jasmonate (MeJ) and salicylic acid (SA) respectively were analysed for cell biomass production and accumulation of OA during this study. Among the elicitors tested, YE at 50 mg/L was found to be the most efficient in terms of increased biomass production and accumulation of OA in the cultures. The highest increase in OA production (13.16-fold in elicited cultures compared to untreated cultures) was noted on 17-day-old suspension cultures when exposed to 50 mg/L of YE for four days. Enhancement of 2.72-fold in OA content was also recorded in 17-day-old cultures when treated with MeJ (60 mg/L) during two days of exposure. SA was not efficient in inducing accumulation of OA in 17- and 22-day-old suspension cultures at any concentration and exposure time. Furthermore, it was observed that the effect of different elicitors on biomass production and OA content depended on concentration and the duration of exposure times. Therefore, utilization of elicitation method could be a promising tool to enhance cell growth and OA accumulation in the suspension cell cultures of O. tenuiflorum.

In-Vitro Antifungal Activity of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum & Murraya paniculata Leaf Extract against Three Phytopathogenic Fungi

Fungal disease is one of the major problems in agriculture. Fungal pathogens are accountable for approximately 85% of plant diseases. Apart from these, public health conditions are also influenced by consequential fungal infection as well as approximately 1.5 million killed and more than a billion people were affected by fungal disease. Our present exploration has been conducted to assess the antifungal efficiency of Azadirachta indica, Ocimum tenuiflorum, and Murraya paniculata leaf extract against three phytopathogenic fungi viz. Pichia kudriavzevii, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium oxysporum, at the concentration of 300 µg/disc by food poisoned technique. The result showed that all of these three extracts have significant antifungal efficiency against all of the tested fungus. Maximum antifungal activity was recorded in Murraya paniculata with an inhibition percentage of 100% (0.00±0.000 mm) against three fungi. In addition, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium oxysporum, growth was totally suppressed in terms of Ocimum tenuiflorum and Murraya paniculata extract. The lowest antifungal effect was 47.18% (34.33±0.272 mm) revealed in Azadirachta indica extract against Pichia kudriavzevii. Among these three extracts, the order of antifungal effect was Murraya paniculata˃Ocimum tenuiflorum˃Azadirachta indica. Amis of this screening to focus antifungal effects of three experimental medicinal plants. These findings indicate leaf of these three plants may be useful for the treatment of various diseases associated with these fungi and could be useful to develop novel, secure and fecund bio-fertilizer for pest control. Further phytochemicals analysis is required to evaluate the compounds responsible for their antifungal effects.