scholarly journals Effects of sodium salicylate and time postpartum on mammary tissue proliferation, gene transcript profile, and DNA methylation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Ylioja ◽  
A.J. Carpenter ◽  
L.K. Mamedova ◽  
K.M. Daniels ◽  
P.J. Ross ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Sodium Salicylate ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Transcript Profile ◽  
Tissue Proliferation

Abstract 15: Glucose-Mediated Remodeling of Cardiac DNA Methylation

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark E Pepin ◽  
David K Crossman ◽  
Joseph P Barchue ◽  
Salpy V Pamboukian ◽  
Steven M Pogwizd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Epigenetic Mark ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Glycemic Memory

To identify the role of glucose in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy, we had directly assessed glucose delivery to the intact heart on alterations of DNA methylation and gene expression using both an inducible heart-specific transgene (glucose transporter 4; mG4H) and streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ) mouse models. We aimed to determine whether long-lasting diabetic complications arise from prior transient exposure to hyperglycemia via a process termed “glycemic memory.” We had identified DNA methylation changes associated with significant gene expression regulation. Comparing our results from STZ, mG4H, and the modifications which persist following transgene silencing, we now provide evidence for cardiac DNA methylation as a persistent epigenetic mark contributing to glycemic memory. To begin to determine which changes contribute to human heart failure, we measured both RNA transcript levels and whole-genome DNA methylation in heart failure biopsy samples (n = 12) from male patients collected at left ventricular assist device placement using RNA-sequencing and Methylation450 assay, respectively. We hypothesized that epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation distinguish between heart failure etiologies. Our findings demonstrated that type 2 diabetic heart failure patients (n = 6) had an overall signature of hypomethylation, whereas patients listed as ischemic (n = 5) had a distinct hypermethylation signature for regulated transcripts. The focus of this initial analysis was on promoter-associated CpG islands with inverse changes in gene transcript levels, from which diabetes (14 genes; e.g. IGFBP4) and ischemic (12 genes; e.g. PFKFB3) specific targets emerged with significant regulation of both measures. By combining our mouse and human molecular analyses, we provide evidence that diabetes mellitus governs direct regulation of cellular function by DNA methylation and the corresponding gene expression in diabetic mouse and human hearts. Importantly, many of the changes seen in either mouse type 1 diabetes or human type 2 diabetes were similar supporting a consistent mechanism of regulation. These studies are some of the first steps at defining mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Nutrition modulates Fto and Irx3 gene transcript levels, but does not alter their DNA methylation profiles in rat white adipose tissues

Gene ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 610 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Nowacka-Woszuk ◽  
Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek ◽  
Maciej Szydlowski ◽  
Izabela Szczerbal
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Transcript Levels

63 Gene transcript profile of mitochondrial energetic pathways in the aging heart

Mitochondrion ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 422
Author(s):  
Claudia C. Cabrera Aguilera ◽  
Andrew S. Oberlin ◽  
Sandeep Sagar ◽  
Raghavakaimal Sreekumar ◽  
Arshad Jahangir
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Transcript Profile ◽  
Aging Heart

Effects of dietary lactosucrose on the gene transcript profile in liver of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Y. Chu ◽  
X.L. Liu ◽  
D.X. Chen ◽  
J. Shi ◽  
Y.H. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grass Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Transcript Profile ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

scholarly journals Arabidopsis RNA Polymerase IV generates 21-22 nucleotide small RNAs that can participate in RNA-directed DNA methylation and may regulate genes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Panda ◽  
Andrea D. McCue ◽  
R. Keith Slotkin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Pol Iv ◽  
Rna Polymerase Iv ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe plant-specific RNA Polymerase IV (Pol IV) transcribes heterochromatic regions, including many transposable elements, with the well-described role of generating 24 nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These siRNAs target DNA methylation back to transposable elements to reinforce the boundary between heterochromatin and euchromatin. In the male gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle, pollen, Pol IV switches to generating primarily 21-22 nt siRNAs, but the biogenesis and function of these siRNAs has been enigmatic. In contrast to being pollen-specific, we identified that Pol IV generates these 21-22 nt siRNAs in sporophytic tissues, likely from the same transcripts that are processed into the more abundant 24 nt siRNAs. The 21-22 nt forms are specifically generated by the combined activities of DICER proteins DCL2/DCL4 and can participate in RNA-directed DNA methylation. These 21-22 nt siRNAs are also loaded into ARGONAUTE1, which is known to function in post-transcriptional regulation. Like other plant siRNAs and microRNAs incorporated into AGO1, we find a signature of genic mRNA cleavage at the predicted target site of these siRNAs, suggesting that Pol IV-generated 21-22 nt siRNAs may function to regulate gene transcript abundance. Our data provides support for the existing model that in pollen Pol IV functions in gene regulation.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis RNA Polymerase IV generates 21–22 nucleotide small RNAs that can participate in RNA-directed DNA methylation and may regulate genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1795) ◽  
pp. 20190417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Panda ◽  
Andrea D. McCue ◽  
R. Keith Slotkin
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Gene Transcript ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Pol Iv ◽  
Rna Polymerase Iv ◽  
Plant Life Cycle ◽  
And Function

The plant-specific RNA Polymerase IV (Pol IV) transcribes heterochromatic regions, including many transposable elements (TEs), with the well-described role of generating 24 nucleotide (nt) small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). These siRNAs target DNA methylation back to TEs to reinforce the boundary between heterochromatin and euchromatin. In the male gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle, pollen, Pol IV switches to generating primarily 21–22 nt siRNAs, but the biogenesis and function of these siRNAs have been enigmatic. In contrast to being pollen-specific, we identified that Pol IV generates these 21–22 nt siRNAs in sporophytic tissues, likely from the same transcripts that are processed into the more abundant 24 nt siRNAs. The 21–22 nt forms are specifically generated by the combined activities of DICER proteins DCL2/DCL4 and can participate in RNA-directed DNA methylation. These 21–22 nt siRNAs are also loaded into ARGONAUTE1 (AGO1), which is known to function in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Like other plant siRNAs and microRNAs incorporated into AGO1, we find a signature of genic mRNA cleavage at the predicted target site of these siRNAs, suggesting that Pol IV-generated 21–22 nt siRNAs may function to regulate gene transcript abundance. Our data provide support for the existing model that in pollen Pol IV functions in gene regulation. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation’.

Formation and Structure of Casein Micelles in Lactating Mammary Tissue

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
Robert J. Carroll ◽  
Marvin P. Thompson ◽  
Harold M. Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Casein Micelles ◽  
The Stability

Milk is an unusually stable colloidal system; the stability of this system is due primarily to the formation of micelles by the major milk proteins, the caseins. Numerous models for the structure of casein micelles have been proposed; these models have been formulated on the basis of in vitro studies. Synthetic casein micelles (i.e., those formed by mixing the purified αsl- and k-caseins with Ca2+ in appropriate ratios) are dissimilar to those from freshly-drawn milks in (i) size distribution, (ii) ratio of Ca/P, and (iii) solvation (g. water/g. protein). Evidently, in vivo organization of the caseins into the micellar form occurs in-a manner which is not identical to the in vitro mode of formation.

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