Effect of Somatotropin Injection and Dietary Protein Concentration on Milk Yield, and Kinetics of Hormones in Dairy Cows

Three dairy cows with large rumen cannulae were fed totally mixed diets twice daily. Diets contained 49% whole crop oat silage, 38.5% high-moisture barley (HMB), and 12.5% protein-mineral-vitamin supplement on a dry matter (DM) basis. HMB had been ammoniated at target levels of 0, 0.65, 1.30, and 1.95 g per 100 g HMB DM. Actual levels achieved were 0, 0.63, 1.30, and 1.95 g ammonia per 100 g. Apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), neutral detergent (ND) fiber, starch, and N were not significantly influenced by level of ammoniation of HMB, although there was a trend for increased N digestion. Total rumen pool sizes of wet ingesta and DM were not influenced by ammoniation levels of HMB, although proportion of ND fiber in rumen OM declined as level of ammoniation of HMB increased. Milk yield and production of milk protein and lactose increased as level of ammoniation of HMB increased. Data are interpreted to suggest that rumen digestion of dietary nonfiber components declined as level of ammoniation of HMB increased, although digestion of ND fiber was not influenced. These results support the hypothesis that ammoniation of HMB shifted the site of digestion of a portion of the dietary nonfiber component from the rumen to the intestine without influencing rumen microbial pool sizes or degradative activity. Greater energetic efficiency of intestinal digestion of dietary nonfiber components, as level of ammoniation of HMB increased, may have contributed to the increased milk yield. Key words: Barley (high-moisture), ammoniation, dairy cows, digestion

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The effects on milk yield and composition of incorporating lactose into the diet of dairy cows given protected fat

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800014247 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 1-3 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

P. C. Garnsworthy

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Fat Supplementation ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Group A

AbstractTwenty-eight Holstein/Friesian dairy cows were divided into four groups of seven. From weeks 4 to 15 of lactation they were given a basal diet consisting of 8 kg hay, 2 kg sugar-beet feed and 2 kg grass nuts, together with a concentrate allowance of 8 kg/day. Concentrates for group A were based on cereals and soya (control). Concentrate B contained 60 g protected fat supplement per kg; concentrate C contained 100 g lactose per kg; concentrate D contained 60 g fat supplement and 100 g lactose per kg. Milk yields were 24·6, 27·7, 25·6 and 26·5 kg/day and milk protein concentrations were 32·3, 30·7, 32·7 and 31·9 g/kg for groups A, B, C and D respectively. The effect of fat supplementation on milk yield and protein concentration was significant (P < 0·05) but the effect of lactose was not significant. Milk fat concentration was not significantly affected by treatment. It is concluded that lactose can partially alleviate the depression in milk protein concentration often observed when cows are given protected fat.

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The effects of feeding different starch sources and concentrations on milk production of high yielding Holstein cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200005743 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 192-192

Author(s):

R.E. Lawson ◽

A.R. Moss ◽

C. Rymer ◽

J.S. Blake

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Starch Concentration ◽

Maize Grain ◽

Ground Wheat

Mansbridge (1995) reported that replacing ground wheat with a mix of ground wheat and maize grain increased milk protein concentration, which led the authors to speculate that increased inclusion of maize grain increased rumen by-pass starch. Indeed, de Visseret al(1990) reported that feeding less rapidly degradable starches has led to increased milk protein concentration.The objective of this study was to examine the effects of starch concentration and source on feed intake, milk yield and milk composition of dairy cows.

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The effect of dietary protein concentration on the performance of triplet rearing ewes and their lambs

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600017359 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1988 ◽

pp. 97-97

Author(s):

D.A.R. Davies ◽

C.B. Gallo

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Post Partum ◽

Early Lactation ◽

Dietary Protein Intake ◽

Individual Family ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Concentration Table

In ewes rearing triplets high milk yields in early lactation are vitally important. The trial was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary protein intake on ewe milk yield and the performance of their triplet reared lambs.The trial involved 24 Cambridge (C) and 12 Suffolk x Cambridge (SxC) ewes rearing triplets. Ewes and their lambs were housed and penned in individual family groups until 35 days post partum. During the 7-35 day period ewes were fed ad libitum one of two coarsely milled complete diets differing in protein concentration (Table 1) together with a daily allocation of 510 g hay (oven dry).

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The influence of the fat concentration of the diet on the response by dairy cows to body condition at calving

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s000335610002050x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P. C. Garnsworthy ◽

C. D. Huggett

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Sugar Beet Pulp ◽

Condition Score ◽

Beet Pulp ◽

Ad Libitum

AbstractTwenty-four Friesian dairy cows were divided into two groups of 12 between 12 and 18 weeks prior to calving and fed to achieve condition scores at calving of 3·2 (F) or 2·3 (T). For the first 11 weeks of lactation, six cows from each group (H) were given daily 9 kg of a high-fat compound (acid ether extract (AEE) 96 g/kg dry matter (DM)), 3 kg molassed sugar-beet pulp and hay ad libitum. The other six cows in each group (L) were given 10 kg of a low-fat compound (AEE 29 g/kg DM), 2 kg sugar-beet pulp and hay ad libitum. Allowances of compound and sugar-beet pulp were designed to provide equal amounts of energy, neutral-detergent fibre and protein. The fat source used in compound H was a calcium salt of palm acid oil (Megalac®).DM intake was not affected by treatment but fat intake was significantly higher on diet H (P < 0·001). Group TH had higher intakes of digestible energy (DE) than group FH (249 v. 229 MJ/day; P < 0·05), but condition at calving did not affect DE intake with diet L (FL = 230, TL = 233 MJ/day). Milk yield was not significantly affected by treatment, although cows in group TL tended to yield less milk than other groups (28·3, 27·3, 28·0 and 24·3 kg/day for FH, FL, TH and TL respectively). The concentration of milk fat was higher and of milk protein lower with diet H compared with diet L (milk fat 48·1, 42·2, 42·9 and 39·6; milk protein 28·0, 31·0, 28·4 and 30·5 g/kg for FH, FL, TH and TL respectively). Loss of condition score was greater for cows in group F (0·65 units) than for those in group T (0·04 units). Within group F, loss of condition tended to be greater with diet L.It is concluded that the increased intake of fat with diet H tended to decrease loss of condition in cows that were fat at calving but increase milk yield in cows that were thin at calving. It also tended to increase milk fat concentration but decreased milk protein concentration.

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Effect of duodenal proline infusion on milk production and composition in dairy cows

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100020298 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 299-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

I. Bruckental ◽

I. Ascarelli ◽

B. Yosif ◽

E. Alumot

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Protein Yield ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Dietary Energy ◽

Arginine Uptake ◽

Friesian Cows

AbstractFour Israeli-Friesian cows, two at peak and two at mid lactation, were fitted with duodenal cannulas. They were given proline or water infusions for 8-day periods to evaluate the effect of duodenal infusion of proline on arginine uptake by the mammary gland and on milk yield and composition of dairy cows. Milk fat content and 40 g/kg fat-corrected milk yield increased for all cows due to proline infusion. Milk protein concentration during either early or mid lactation and milk protein yield during early lactation, were not affected by proline infusion. Milk protein yield during mid lactation was increased due to proline infusion. Arginine uptake by the udder dropped by one-half during proline infusion. Results suggest that post-ruminal administration of supplemental proline reduced requirements for arginine by the udder and improved efficiency of dietary energy utilization.

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Incorporating a Fresh Mixed Annual Ryegrass and Berseem Clover Forage Into the Winter Diet of Dairy Cows Resulted in Reduced Milk Yield, but Reduced Nitrogen Excretion and Reduced Methane Yield

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2020.576944 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Enriquez-Hidalgo ◽

Dayane Lemos Teixeira ◽

Luiz Carlos Pinheiro Machado Filho ◽

Deirdre Hennessy ◽

Paula Toro-Mujica ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Methane Emission ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Annual Ryegrass ◽

Winter Diet ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Berseem Clover

The winter diet of dairy cows in Mediterranean climate regions is usually a total mixed ration with a base of conserved summer crops such as corn silage and alfalfa hay. However, there is increased labor and financial cost related to this kind of feeding, which could be reduced if fresh forages were used in place of some of the conserved forage in the cow diet. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of including fresh mixed annual ryegrass and berseem clover into the diet of dairy cows on milk, nitrogen utilization, and methane emission. Twenty-four lactating dairy cows were split into two groups and offered either a diet similar to that usually offered to the cows (CON) or one where a mixture of fresh annual ryegrass and berseem clover was used to partially substitute the corn silage and alfalfa hay in the diet (MIX). Milk yield was recorded automatically, and methane emissions were estimated using the SF6 tracer technique. The MIX diet had lower crude protein concentration (148 vs. 170 g/kg DM) but higher DM digestibility (81.6 vs. 78.6%) than the CON diet. Compared to the cows offered the CON diet, milk yield was reduced when cows were fed the MIX diet (36.4 vs. 31.9 kg/d), but methane emissions (381 vs. 332 g/d) and nitrogen excretion were also reduced (238 vs. 180 g/d). Nitrogen use efficiency was unaffected (30.8%). In addition, milk from cows fed the MIX diet had a fatty acid profile considered to be more beneficial to human health than that of the milk from cows fed the CON diet. Increasing the protein concentration in the MIX diet, either by direct supplementation or increasing the proportion of legume in the mixed herbage, could overcome the reduction on milk and positively affect methane emission and N use efficiency.

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Effects of dietary protein concentration and balance of absorbable amino acids on productive responses of dairy cows fed corn silage-based diets

Journal of Dairy Science ◽

10.3168/jds.2010-4097 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 94 (9) ◽

pp. 4647-4656 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

A.R.J. Cabrita ◽

R.J. Dewhurst ◽

D.S.P. Melo ◽

J.M. Moorby ◽

A.J.M. Fonseca

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Corn Silage

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Responses to grain feeding by grazing dairy cows

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea97087 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 38 (6) ◽

pp. 541 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

A. C. Robaina ◽

C. Grainger ◽

P. Moate ◽

J. Taylor ◽

J. Stewart

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Difference Method ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Supplementary Feeding ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Grazing Dairy Cows ◽

Yield Responses

Summary. Two experiments were conducted on feeding grain supplements to dairy cows during summer. In experiment 1, dairy cows in mid–late lactation were offered one of 2 pasture allowances (about 20 and 40 kg DM/cow.day) with and without a supplement of a grain mix (5 kg of a 70 : 30 mixture of barley and lupins). This experiment was conducted twice over 2 consecutive summer–autumn periods (years 1 and 2). Milk yields were higher at the high pasture allowance and with grain feeding. The marginal response to grain feeding (kg milk/kg grain DM consumed) was 0.7 at both pasture allowances in year 1, and 1.1 and 0.8 at the low and high pasture allowance, respectively, in year 2. Diet had no significant effect on milk composition. Pasture intake was reduced by supplementary feeding and the level of substitution depended on pasture allowance. The alkane-based and sward sampling techniques were used to estimate pasture intake and diet digestibility. Estimates of pasture substitution, based on measurements made with the alkane technique, were 0.3 and 0.6 kg DM reduction in pasture/kg DM grain consumed at the low and high pasture allowance, respectively, in both years. In year 1, the pasture substitution measured with the pasture difference method was 1 kg pasture DM/kg grain DM at both pasture allowances. In year 2, estimates of substitution calculated using the pasture difference method were 0.2 and 0.5 kg pasture DM/kg grain DM at the low and high pasture allowance respectively. In the second experiment (year 3), the effects of level of feeding barley on pasture intake, diet digestibility and milk production were measured during summer. The 4 levels of grain consumed were 0, 1.8, 3.4 and 6.7 kg barley DM/cow. day. Higher grain intake resulted in higher milk yield, higher protein concentration and yields of fat, protein and lactose. Milk yield responses per kilogram of barley diminished from 1.6 at the low barley intake to 0.8 kg milk/kg barley DM at the highest barley intake. It is suggested that higher levels of substitution and a potentially less efficient use of grain contributed to the poorer production responses at higher levels of grain feeding.

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