scholarly journals Reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions in posterior cervical (subaxial) fusions with and without bone morphogenetic protein in a cohort of 1158 patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kern H. Guppy ◽  
Jessica Harris ◽  
Jason Chen ◽  
Elizabeth W. Paxton ◽  
Julie Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spinal Fusions ◽  
Reoperation Rates

OBJECTIVE Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) was first approved in 2002 for use in single-level anterior lumbar fusions as an alternative to iliac crest grafts. Subsequent studies have concluded that BMP provides superior fusions rates and therefore reduces reoperations for nonunions. The purpose of this study was to determine the reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions in posterior cervical (subaxial) spinal fusions with and without the use of BMP and to determine if the nonunion rates are statistically significantly different between the two groups. METHODS Between January 2009 and September 2013, the authors identified 1158 posterior cervical spinal fusion cases in the subaxial spine (C2–7) from a large spine registry (Kaiser Permanente). Patient characteristics, diagnoses, operative times, lengths of stay, and reoperations were extracted from the registry. Reoperations for symptomatic nonunions were adjudicated via chart review. Logistic regression was conducted to produce estimates of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Kaplan-Meier curves for the non-BMP and BMP groups were generated and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS In this cohort there were 1158 patients (19.3% with BMP) with a median follow up of 1.7 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.7–2.9 years) and median duration to operative nonunion of 0.63 years (IQR 0.44–1.57 years). Kaplan-Meier curves showed no significant difference in reoperation rates for nonunions using the log-rank test (p = 0.179). In a subset of patients with more than 1 year of follow-up, 788 patients were identified (22.5% with BMP) with a median follow-up duration of 2.5 years (IQR 1.7–3.4 years) and a median time to operative nonunion of 0.73 years (IQR 0.44–1.57 years). There was no statistically significant difference in the symptomatic operative nonunion rates for posterior cervical (subaxial) fusions with BMP compared with non-BMP (1.1% vs 0.7%; crude OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.32–9.55, p = 0.527) for more than 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the largest series of patients using BMP in posterior cervical (subaxial) spinal fusions. Reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions with more than 1 year of follow-up were found to be 1.1% with BMP and 0.7% without BMP. There was no significant difference in the reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions with or without BMP.

scholarly journals Reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions in posterior cervicothoracic fusions with and without bone morphogenetic protein in a cohort of 450 patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kern H. Guppy ◽  
Jessica Harris ◽  
Jason Chen ◽  
Elizabeth W. Paxton ◽  
Johannes A. Bernbeck
Keyword(s):  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Spine Registry ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reoperation Rates

OBJECTIVE Fusions across the cervicothoracic junction have been challenging because of the large biomechanical forces exerted resulting in frequent reoperations for nonunions. The objective of this study was to investigate a retrospective cohort using chart review of posterior cervicothoracic spine fusions with and without bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and to determine the reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions in both groups. METHODS Between January 2009 and September 2013, posterior cervicothoracic spine fusion cases were identified from a large spine registry (Kaiser Permanente). Demographics, diagnoses, operative times, lengths of stay, and reoperations were extracted from the registry. Reoperations for symptomatic nonunions were adjudicated via chart review. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Kaplan-Meier curves for the non-BMP and BMP groups were generated and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS In this cohort there were 450 patients (32.7% with BMP) with a median follow-up of 1.4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 0.5–2.7 years). Kaplan-Meier curves showed no significant difference in reoperation rates for nonunions using the log-rank test (p = 0.088). In a subset of patients with more than 1 year of follow-up, 260 patients were identified (43.1% with BMP) with a median follow-up duration of 2.4 years (IQR 1.6–3.3 years). There was no statistically significant difference in the symptomatic operative nonunion rates for posterior cervicothoracic fusions with and without BMP (0.0% vs 2.7%, respectively; p = 0.137) for more than 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the largest series of patients using BMP in posterior cervicothoracic spine fusions. Reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions with more than 1 year of follow-up were 0% with BMP and 2.7% without BMP. No statistically significant difference in the reoperation rates for symptomatic nonunions with or without BMP was found.

scholarly journals Clinical Efficiency of Two Sequences of Orthodontic Wires to Correct Crowding of the Lower Anterior Teeth

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudia Maria de Castro Serafim ◽  
Júlio de Araújo Gurgel ◽  
Carollyne Mota Tiago ◽  
Rudys Rodolfo de Jesus Tavarez ◽  
Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rank Test ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Anterior Crowding ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Complete Treatment

This study compared time to correction of mandibular anterior crowding using two arch wire sequences, one with conventional nickel-titanium (NiTi) arch wires and the other with conventional and NiTi heat-activated arch wires. Twenty-two boys and girls (mean age: 16.68 ± 2.66) with moderate crowding (3–6 mm) were assigned randomly to one of two groups and followed up for five months (six assessments) when arch wires were changed. Time to crowding correction was analyzed statistically using the Kaplan-Meier method. Data were collected during the five-month follow-up, and time to correction was compared between groups using the log rank test. At the end of follow-up, mandibular crowding was corrected in 100% of the cases in the group treated with the sequence that included NiTi heat-activated arch wires, whereas about 30% of those treated with NiTi arch wires were not completely corrected. There was a significant difference in time to complete treatment between groups (log rank = 5.996;p<0.05). In the group treated with the sequence that included heat-activated wires, alignment and leveling of mandibular anterior teeth were completed earlier than in the group treated only with conventional NiTi arch wires. Clinical trial registration is found atRBR-7g5zng.

Colorectal Liver Metastases - Does the Number of Lesions Determine the Sensibility of Resection?

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Knoefel ◽  
Brunken ◽  
Neumann ◽  
Gundlach ◽  
Rogiers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Chirurgische Entfernung

Die komplette chirurgische Entfernung von Lebermetastasen bietet Patienten nach kolorektalem Karzinom die einzige kurative Chance. Es gibt jedoch eine, anscheinend unbegrenzte, Anzahl an Parametern, die die Prognose dieser Patienten bestimmen und damit den Sinn dieser Therapie vorhersagen können. Zu den am häufigsten diskutierten und am einfachsten zu bestimmenden Parametern gehört die Anzahl der Metastasen. Ziel dieser Studie war es daher die Wertigkeit dieses Parameters in der Literatur zu reflektieren und unsere eigenen Patientendaten zu evaluieren. Insgesamt konnte von 302 Patienten ein komplettes Follow-up erhoben werden. Die gebildeten Patientengruppen wurden mit Hilfe einer Kaplan Meier Analyse und konsekutivem log rank Test untersucht. Die Literatur wurde bis Dezember 1998 revidiert. Die Anzahl der Metastasen bestätigte sich als ein prognostisches Kriterium. Lagen drei oder mehr Metastasen vor, so war nicht nur die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer R0 Resektion deutlich geringer (17.8% versus 67.2%) sondern auch das Überleben der Patienten nach einer R0 Resektion tendenziell unwahrscheinlicher. Das 5-Jahres Überleben betrug bei > 2 Metastasen 9% bei > 2 Metastasen 36%. Das 10-Jahres Überleben beträgt bislang bei > 2 Metastasen 0% bei > 2 Metastasen 18% (p < 0.07). Die Anzahl der Metastasen spielt in der Prognose der Patienten mit kolorektalen Lebermetastasen eine Rolle. Selbst bei mehr als vier Metastasen ist jedoch gelegentlich eine R0 Resektion möglich. In diesen Fällen kann der Patient auch langfristig von einer Operation profitieren. Das wichtigere Kriterium einer onkologisch sinnvollen Resektabilität ist die Frage ob technisch und funktionell eine R0 Resektion durchführbar ist. Ist das der Fall, so sollte auch einem Patienten mit mehreren Metastasen die einzige kurative Chance einer Resektion nicht vorenthalten bleiben.

The Efficacy of Etoposide-Based Therapy in Adult Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Leonard Naymagon ◽  
Douglas Tremblay ◽  
John Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Data supporting the use of etoposide-based therapy in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) arise largely from pediatric studies. There is a lack of comparable data among adult patients with secondary HLH. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the impact of etoposide-based therapy on outcomes in adult secondary HLH. The primary outcome was overall survival. The log-rank test was used to compare Kaplan-Meier distributions of time-to-event outcomes. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Ninety adults with secondary HLH seen between January 1, 2009, and January 6, 2020, were included. Forty-two patients (47%) received etoposide-based therapy, while 48 (53%) received treatment only for their inciting proinflammatory condition. Thirty-three patients in the etoposide group (72%) and 32 in the no-etoposide group (67%) died during follow-up. Median survival in the etoposide and no-etoposide groups was 1.04 and 1.39 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in survival between the etoposide and no-etoposide groups (log-rank <i>p</i> = 0.4146). On multivariable analysis, there was no association between treatment with etoposide and survival (HR for death with etoposide = 1.067, 95% CI: 0.633–1.799, <i>p</i> = 0.8084). Use of etoposide-based therapy was not associated with improvement in outcomes in this large cohort of adult secondary HLH patients.

scholarly journals ACTR-32. NRG ONCOLOGY RTOG 1205: RANDOMIZED PHASE II TRIAL OF CONCURRENT BEVACIZUMAB AND RE-IRRADIATION VS. BEVACIZUMAB ALONE AS TREATMENT FOR RECURRENT GLIOBLASTOMA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi20-vi20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Tsien ◽  
Stephanie Pugh ◽  
adam Dicker ◽  
Jeffrey Raizer ◽  
Martha Matuszak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Objective Response ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Randomized Phase Ii ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Recurrent Gbm

Abstract This study sought to determine whether re-irradiation (ReRT) and concurrent bevacizumab (BEV) improves overall survival (OS) compared to BEV alone in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM). Patients (pts) were randomized 1:1 to ReRT (35 Gy/10 fractions) plus BEV (IV 10 mg/kg q2 wks) vs. BEV alone. With 160 pts, there was 80% power to detect a 31% reduction in death hazard for BEV+RT at a one-sided significance level of 0.10 using a log rank test. OS and PFS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and HRs estimated by exact binomial distribution. Objective response was assessed using MacDonald and RANO criteria. From 11/2012 to 4/2016, 182 pts were randomized, with 170 eligible, analyzable pts. 11 pts did not receive protocol treatment. Patient characteristics (age, KPS, re-resection rates) were balanced between arms. Median f/u for censored pts was 12.8 months (mos; min-max, 0.03–52.8). BEV+ReRT did not improve OS vs BEV alone, with median OS of 10.1 vs 9.7 mos, (HR=0.98, 95% CI=0.70–1.38, p=0.46). Median PFS for BEV+RT and BEV was 7.1 vs. 3.8 mos, respectively (HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.53–1.0, p=0.051). BEV+ReRT improved 6-mo PFS rate (PFS6): 54 vs. 29%, (HR=0.42, 95% CI=0.34–0.5, p=0.001). Overall, treatment was well tolerated: 5% acute and 0% delayed grade 3+ treatment-related AE. Most patients died from recurrent GBM. CONCLUSION: RTOG 1205 is the first, prospective, randomized multi-institutional study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ReRT in recurrent GBM using modern RT techniques. Overall, ReRT was shown to be safe and well tolerated. BEV+ReRT did not demonstrate a benefit in OS but an improved PFS6, and clinically meaningful PFS improvement. Molecular correlates of response analyses are ongoing. Funded by U10CA180868, U10CA180822 from the National Cancer Institute.

scholarly journals In Vitro Fatigue Resistance of Teeth Restored With Bulk Fill versus Conventional Composite Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle Branco Rauber ◽  
Jussara Karina Bernardon ◽  
Luiz Clovis Cardoso Vieira ◽  
Hamilton Pires Maia ◽  
Françoá Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Survival Curve ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Meier Survival Curve

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the fatigue resistance of restored teeth with bulk fill composite resin, conventional composite resin with incremental insertion and unprepared sound teeth. Twenty-eight extracted maxillary premolars were selected and divided into 4 groups based on composite resin and insertion technique: control (C), conventional composite resin with incremental insertion (I) and bulk fill composite resin with three (BF3) or single increment (BF1). The restored specimens were submitted to fatigue resistance test with a 5 Hz frequency. An initial application of 5,000 sinusoidal load cycles with a minimum force of 50 N and a maximum force of 200 N was used. Next, were applied stages of 30,000 load cycles with the maximum force increasing gradually: 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 N. The test was concluded when 185,000 load cycles were achieved or the specimen failed. The fatigue resistance data were recorded for comparison, using the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and analyzed by log-rank test at 0.05 significance. Fractures were classified based on the position of the failure - above or below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Statistical analysis of the Kaplan-Meier survival curve and log-rank test showed a significant difference between groups (p=0.001). The fracture analysis demonstrated that only 28.58% of failures were below the CEJ in group C, while for groups I, BF1 and BF3 they were 42.85%, 85.71% and 85.71%, respectively. Teeth restored with composite bulk fill in both techniques present similar fatigue resistance values compared with those restored with a conventional incremental insertion of composite, while the fatigue strength values of unprepared sound teeth were higher. Furthermore, unprepared sound teeth showed a lower percentage of fractures below the CEJ.

Effects of electrical stimulation in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-441
Author(s):  
Salvador Fornell ◽  
Juan Ribera ◽  
Mario Mella ◽  
Andrés Carranza ◽  
David Serrano-Toledano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Core Decompression ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Time To Recurrence ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier

Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine whether the use of an internal electrostimulator could improve the results obtained with core decompression alone in the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 41 patients (55 hips) treated for osteonecrosis of the femoral head between 2005 and 2014. Mean follow-up time was 56 (12-108) months. We recorded 3 parameters: time to recurrence of pain, time to conversion to arthroplasty and time to radiographic failure. Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The equality of the survival distributions was determined by the Log rank test. Results: Implanted electrostimulator was a factor that increased the survival of hips in a pre-op Steinberg stage of II or below, while it remained unchanged if the stage was III or higher. Conclusions: The addition of an internal electrostimulator provides increased survival compared to core decompression alone at stages below III.

Prognostic value of immunohistochemical phenotypes (IP) of 141 operable breast cancer patients (pts) included in phase III trials of adjuvant therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 21040-21040
Author(s):  
R. Trujillo ◽  
E. Gallego ◽  
A. Márquez ◽  
N. Ribelles ◽  
J. Trigo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Prognostic Effect ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Phase Iii Trials ◽  
Her 2

21040 Background: Gene expression arrays and IP studies classified breast cancer in three distinct subtypes: basal, HER2/neu and luminal that are associated with different clinical outcomes. Methods: In 141 pts with operable breast cancer, included in phase III trials of adjuvant therapy in our center, immunohistochemical staining was performed on 3μm sections of paraffin blocks, containing tissue-arrays of tumour tissue.A basal phenotype (BP) was defined by negative estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) and positive cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 or EGFR immunoreactivity. HER2/neu phenotype as positive c-erb B2 by HercepTest™ and luminal phenotype (LP) by positive ER, PR and CK 7/8 and negative HER-2. Survival curves were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. The differences between survivals were estimated using the log rank test. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate any independent prognostic effect of the variables on disease-free survival (DFS). Results: Complete clinical follow-up information was available for 141 pts. The median follow-up period was 52 months (range 1–103 months). During this period, 13.8% pts died from breast cancer and 27.7% pts relapsed. At the time of the primary diagnosis 10.4% of the pts had lymph node negative disease and 89.6% had positive lymph nodes. 50.8% pts received taxane chemotherapy, 7.7% Trastuzumab, 62.3% radiotherapy and 61% pts received hormonotherapy. Positivity for LP was 65.2%, BP 9.9% and Her-2 phenotype 8.5%. 16.3% didn't fit for any of the three subtypes. Median DFS for BP: 24 moths, for LP and Her-2 phenotypes median DFS was not reached. 5 years DFS were; BP: 19%, LP: 63% and Her-2: 56%. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses demonstrated that the presence of a detectable BP was highly significantly associated with a worse DFS compared with the presence of a LP, log rank test (p= 0.0001). Multivariate Cox regression analyses estimated that the prognostic effect of BP in relation to DFS was independent of lymph node, stage and tumor size, HR: 0.12 95% CI (0.05–0.2). Conclusions: We found that expression of BP was associated with poor prognostic in the context of randomized phase III trials. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Oral (O) versus intravenous (IV) etoposide and platinum in the treatment of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7597-7597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Alan Dorroh ◽  
Eric R Siegel ◽  
Rangaswamy Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Poor Performance ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Extensive Disease ◽  
Tumor Registry ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Extensive Stage ◽  
Pharmacy Data

7597 Background: Platinum and etoposide chemotherapy is the treatment for patients with SCLC. O etoposide is substituted for IV by many clinicians at twice the dose for bioavailability but the outcome of these subjects has not been studied. To compare the efficacy of O vs. IV etoposide in extensive stage SCLC, a retrospective analysis of subjects treated in the VISN 16 network of 10VA hospitals was undertaken. Methods: Subjects with SCLC diagnosed between 10/1/1996 and 9/30/2010 were identified from the VISN-16 tumor registry. Study was limited to extensive disease by excluding those treated with radiation therapy. Chemotherapy details were obtained from the pharmacy data in the VISN 16 database. Overall survival (OS) was computed as the time in months from the first etoposide issue date to the date of death or last contact. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to compute median OS, and etoposide groups were compared via log-rank test. Results: 300 subjects were eligible for analysis, with median age 67 yrs (range 45-84). 295 deaths were observed during 2,419 total months of follow-up. The median OS of all subjects was 6.3 months (interquartile range (IQR) 2.0-11 months). In addition to platinum, 153 subjects received only O etoposide, 147 received some form of IV etoposide. The median duration (IQR) of therapy for all subjects was 29 (1-110) days; 23 days for those who received any IV etoposide and 43 days for those who received only oral etoposide. The median OS was 7.6 months for those who received only O etoposide vs. 5.4 months for any IV etoposide (P<0.0001). In the latter group, those receiving purely IV etoposide had only 1.5 months’ median OS vs. 8.8 months for those receiving both O and IV etoposide (P<0.0001). Conclusions: Survival of subjects with SCLC treated with O etoposide is comparable to those who received a combination of O and IV therapy. Poor OS for those with only IV therapy may be due to selection bias of poor-performance subjects. [Table: see text]

Calcium channel blockers use and overall survival in pancreatic cancer patients receiving gemcitabine.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15756-e15756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Kraj ◽  
Andrzej Śliwczyński ◽  
Joanna Krawczyk-Lipiec ◽  
Krzysztof Woźniak ◽  
Anna Waszczuk-Gajda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Calcium Channel ◽  
Calcium Channel Blockers ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference

e15756 Background: Preclinical studies have shown that calcium channel blockers (CCB) may potentiate anticancer effect of chemotherapy via intra-cellular drug accumulation. Gemcitabine-based chemotherapy is commonly used in pancreatic cancer (PC) patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether CCB may affect overall survival (OS) in PC patients receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Methods: The retrospective cohort of PC patients treated with gemcitabine between 2007 and 2016 was identified in the Polish National Health Fund databases. Electronic records of prescriptions were searched to identify in this cohort patients receiving CCB (amlodipine, nitrendipine, felodipine, lacidipine). The primary endpoint was OS and it was determined by Kaplan-Meier methods and compared by the log-rank test. Results: In total 4628 PC patients treated with gemcitabine (median OS 7.7 months; 95% CI: 7.4-7.9) were identified. Among these 380 patients were prescribed any CCB. There was a significant difference (p < 0.001) in median OS between patients prescribed CCB (n = 380; OS 9.3 months; 95% CI: 7.8-11.0) and those who did not (n = 4214; OS 7.6 months; 95% CI: 7.3-7.8) with hazard ratio for death 0.70 (95% CI: 0.62-0.79). Notably, the survival curves tended to flatten in CCB group, with 24% of patients alive at 2 years (95% CI: 20-29%) and 15% alive at 5 years (95% CI: 11-19%), compared with 11% (95% CI: 10-12%) and 4% (95% CI: 4-5%) in controls respectively. Conclusions: The use of CCB in PC patients receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy was associated with improved OS. Further validation is needed to evaluate effectiveness of CCB-gemcitabine combinations in the management of PC.

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