Ethanol potentiation of central nervous system trauma

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene S. Flamm ◽  
Harry B. Demopoulos ◽  
Myron L. Seligman ◽  
John J. Tomasula ◽  
Vincent DeCrescito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Dura Mater ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Trauma ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
And Control ◽  
Membrane Bound Enzymes

✓ Two models have been used to study the effects of ethanol on injuries of the central nervous system. The spinal cords of cats were injured by delivering a 200 gm-cm impact to the exposed dura mater. A second group of animals received a similar injury to the exposed dura mater overlying the cerebral hemispheres. The animals were divided into two groups, those that received an infusion of ethanol before injury, and control animals that received no ethanol. The parameters of injury used in this model produced small and insignificant lesions in those animals that received no ethanol; however, when the animals were pretreated with ethanol, a considerable increase in the extent of the injury was noted. The mechanisms by which this potentiation is produced are briefly discussed. These include alterations in membrane-bound enzymes and clotting mechanisms, and alteration of cell membranes through abnormal free radical reactions.

Monoamine neurotransmitters and the pathophysiology of stroke and central nervous system trauma

1974 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Wurtman ◽  
Nicholas T. Zervas
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Experimental Stroke ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Central Nervous System Trauma ◽  
The Central Nervous System

✓ The authors, at the invitation of the Editorial Board, have outlined their general interpretation of the role of monoamine neurotransmitters following injury to the central nervous system. Their work on experimental stroke is discussed, and its relevance to spinal cord injuries accompanied by comparable hemorrhage and ischemia involving neurons is implied.

scholarly journals Neurons Are Host Cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 1880-1890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippa J. Randall ◽  
Nai-Jen Hsu ◽  
Dirk Lang ◽  
Susan Cooper ◽  
Boipelo Sebesho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Productive Infection ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACTMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection of the central nervous system is thought to be initiated once the bacilli have breached the blood brain barrier and are phagocytosed, primarily by microglial cells. In this study, the interactions ofM. tuberculosiswith neuronsin vitroandin vivowere investigated. The data obtained demonstrate that neurons can act as host cells forM. tuberculosis.M. tuberculosisbacilli were internalized by murine neuronal cultured cells in a time-dependent manner after exposure, with superior uptake by HT22 cells compared to Neuro-2a cells (17.7% versus 9.8%). Internalization ofM. tuberculosisbacilli by human SK-N-SH cultured neurons suggested the clinical relevance of the findings. Moreover, primary murine hippocampus-derived neuronal cultures could similarly internalizeM. tuberculosis. InternalizedM. tuberculosisbacilli represented a productive infection with retention of bacterial viability and replicative potential, increasing 2- to 4-fold within 48 h.M. tuberculosisbacillus infection of neurons was confirmedin vivoin the brains of C57BL/6 mice after intracerebral challenge. This study, therefore, demonstrates neurons as potential new target cells forM. tuberculosiswithin the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Cryptococcus neoformans to Mammalian Hosts: Integrated Regulation of Metabolism and Virulence

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Kronstad ◽  
Sanjay Saikia ◽  
Erik David Nielson ◽  
Matthias Kretschmer ◽  
Wonhee Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Central Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Complex Integration

ABSTRACTThe basidiomycete fungusCryptococcus neoformansinfects humans via inhalation of desiccated yeast cells or spores from the environment. In the absence of effective immune containment, the initial pulmonary infection often spreads to the central nervous system to result in meningoencephalitis. The fungus must therefore make the transition from the environment to different mammalian niches that include the intracellular locale of phagocytic cells and extracellular sites in the lung, bloodstream, and central nervous system. Recent studies provide insights into mechanisms of adaptation during this transition that include the expression of antiphagocytic functions, the remodeling of central carbon metabolism, the expression of specific nutrient acquisition systems, and the response to hypoxia. Specific transcription factors regulate these functions as well as the expression of one or more of the major known virulence factors ofC. neoformans. Therefore, virulence factor expression is to a large extent embedded in the regulation of a variety of functions needed for growth in mammalian hosts. In this regard, the complex integration of these processes is reminiscent of the master regulators of virulence in bacterial pathogens.

Cerebral sparganosis

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Mitchell ◽  
Bernd W. Scheithauer ◽  
Patrick J. Kelly ◽  
Glenn S. Forbes ◽  
Jon E. Rosenblatt
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chronic Abscess ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Sparganosis ◽  
Tapeworm Infection ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides infects man worldwide, particularly in Asian countries. Rarely, the central nervous system is involved; such a case is presented here. In the total of 12 reported cases, including the case described, the worm presented clinically as a mass suspicious for neoplasm or chronic abscess cavity. Surgical removal was invariably curative in each case. Although infrequent, the possibility of tapeworm infection should be entertained in the evaluation of intracranial masses in patients who have visited exotic locales.

Central nervous system mesenchymal chondrosarcoma

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Griffith R. Harsh ◽  
Charles B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Tumor ◽  
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcoma ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Meningeal Tumor ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Initial Resection ◽  
Mesenchymal Chondrosarcomas ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Local recurrence developed 6 years after the initial resection of an intraspinal meningeal tumor that originally was thought to be an angioblastic meningioma. Histological review of the pathology led to a change of that diagnosis to one of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. The recurrent vascular tumor was embolized, then totally excised. Because this tumor had malignant features, the patient received irradiation and chemotherapy. No evidence of regrowth has been observed during a period of more than 4 years. Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas of the central nervous system and their treatment are reviewed.

Central nervous system leiomyosarcoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 688-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Ritter ◽  
Barbara H. Amaker ◽  
R. Scott Graham ◽  
William C. Broaddus ◽  
John D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

✓ Leiomyosarcomas (LMSs) of the central nervous system are extremely rare; however, they are becoming more prevalent in immunocompromised patients. The authors present the cases of two patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: one with LMS of the thoracic vertebral body and the other with LMS originating from the region of the cavernous sinus. The epidemiological and histological characteristics of LMS and its association with latent Epstein—Barr virus are discussed, as well as the treatments for this neoplasm.

Epidermoid and dermoid cysts

1977 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beniamino Guidetti ◽  
Franco M. Gagliardi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Late Results ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operating Technique ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report on the clinical data, operating technique, postoperative complications, and late results in a series of 31 epidermoid and 21 dermoid cysts of the central nervous system.

Hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut P. H. Neumann ◽  
Hans R. Eggert ◽  
Klaus Weigel ◽  
Hartmut Friedburg ◽  
Otmar D. Wiestler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Renal Cysts ◽  
Pancreatic Cysts ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Von Hippel Lindau Syndrome

✓ The findings of a 10-year study (1976 to 1986) conducted in southwest Germany on hemangioblastomas (HBL's) of the central nervous system (CNS) are presented. During that period, 47 HBL's were diagnosed and surgically removed in 44 patients, with a good postoperative survival rate and prognosis. The majority (83%) of these tumors were located in the cerebellum. By thorough clinical examination of the patients and careful evaluation of their family background, it was found that 23% of the HBL patients were afflicted with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome. In addition to the CNS tumors, 14 neoplastic or similar lesions were detected in other tissues. These included angiomatosis of the retinae, pheochromocytomas, pancreatic cysts, renal cysts, and renal carcinoma. The diagnosis of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome was thus established in seven families. The authors suggest the need for a screening program for patients with HBL of the CNS which is designed to confirm or exclude ocular or visceral lesions associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

Cerebral hemangioma with glial neoplasia (angioglioma?)

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin G. Fischer ◽  
Ana Sotrel ◽  
Keasley Welch
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Reference ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Cavernous Hemangiomas ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Mass Lesions ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Two patients are reported who had intracerebral mass lesions composed of hemangioma and glial neoplasm. After excision, one recurred as an oligodendroglioma, and the remnant of the other remained static over a 5-year period. These lesions may represent a subgroup of cerebral hemangiomas that have the biological potential for future glial neoplastic growth. Reference is made to experimental work with polyoma virus which can induce cavernous hemangiomas in the central nervous system in mice, and which is a papovavirus. Other papovaviruses can induce ependymomas in hamsters.

Cerebellar metastasis from a prolactinoma during treatment with bromocriptine

1981 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil A. Martin ◽  
Martha Hales ◽  
Charles B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Pituitary Adenoma ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Metastatic Spread ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebellar Metastasis ◽  
Fine Print

✓ A 31-year-old woman developed a cerebellar metastasis from an invasive prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma while undergoing treatment with bromocriptine. The metastatic tumor was totally excised. Metastatic spread of pituitary tumors within the central nervous system is reviewed briefly.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document