Cerebrospinal fluid drainage as influenced by ventricular pressure in the rabbit

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gordon McComb ◽  
Hugh Davson ◽  
Shigeyo Hyman ◽  
Martin H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Arterial Circulation ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion

✓ Artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing radioisotope iodinated (125I) serum albumin (RISA) and either blue dextran or indigo carmine was given to white New Zealand rabbits over 4 hours. In one group it was given by ventriculocisternal perfusion, in one by ventricular infusion, and in one by cisterna magna infusion. Blood was sampled continuously from the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) or intermittently from the systemic arterial circulation. Removal of CSF from the cisterna magna during the ventriculocisternal perfusion kept the intracranial pressure (ICP) at 0 to 5 torr, whereas ventricular or cisterna magna infusion raised the ICP to 20 to 30 torr and 15 to 20 torr, respectively. In the two groups with raised ICP, an increased concentration of RISA was present in the optic nerves, olfactory bulbs, episcleral tissue, and deep cervical lymph nodes; but this was not found in the group with normal ICP. In all three groups, the concentration of RISA in the SSS blood was the same as in the systemic arterial blood. The concentration gradient of RISA across the cerebral cortex was similar in both the ventriculocisternal perfusion and the ventricular infusion groups. With cisterna magna infusion, the concentration of RISA was the same on the cortical surface and less in the ventricles compared with the ventricular infusion. It is concluded that, with elevated ICP, CSF drained via pathways that are less evident under normal pressure. Drainage of CSF was similar irrespective of whether the infusion site was the ventricles or cisterna magna. It did not appear that acute dilatation of the ventricles during ventricular infusion compromised the subarachnoid space over the surface of the hemisphere, as the concentration of RISA on the convexities and in the SSS blood did not significantly differ between the groups. Transcortical bulk transfer of CSF was not evident with raised ICP.

Effect of systemic arterial hypotension on the rate of cerebrospinal fluid formation in dogs

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Carey ◽  
A. Richard Vela
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Fluid Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Fine Print

✓The rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in dogs was measured by ventriculocisternal perfusion with artificial CSF containing inulin. In normotensive animals, the average CSF production was 36 ± 6 µl/min. When the mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 62 ± 1 mm Hg, the CSF production fell to 22 ± 5 µl/min, a 39% reduction in fluid formation. The authors briefly discuss various hypotheses to explain this reduction.

Experimental effects of steroids and steroid withdrawal on cerebrospinal fluid absorption

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Johnston ◽  
David L. Gilday ◽  
E. Bruce Hendrick
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Benign Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Steroid Withdrawal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Ringer’S Lactate ◽  
Csf Absorption

✓ The authors studied the effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption of chronic administration and acute withdrawal of steroids in dogs. CSF absorption was measured by determining the amount of isotope (indium 111DTPA) recovered over a 4-hour period after injection into the cisterna magna. Resistance to CSF absorption was estimated by determining rates of flow of Ringer's lactate infusion into the cisterna magna over a range of pressure gradients between CSF and sagittal sinus. Steroid withdrawal was associated with a marked reduction in CSF absorption and an increase in resistance to CSF flow. Dogs on steroids also showed reduced CSF absorption although the reduction was not statistically significant when compared with controls. The results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of action of steroids on CSF absorption, the etiology of the benign intracranial hypertension syndrome and the use of steroids in the control of intracranial hypertension.

Dural posterior fossa AVM producing raised sagittal sinus pressure

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Lamas ◽  
Ramiro D. Lobato ◽  
Javier Esparza ◽  
Luis Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Posterior Fossa ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Selective Embolization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sagittal Sinus Pressure ◽  
Dural Avm ◽  
Sinus Pressure

✓ A patient with raised intracranial pressure secondary to a dural arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the posterior fossa is presented. Direct shunting of arterial blood into the transverse sigmoid sinus caused a considerable increase of the sagittal sinus pressure (SSP) and elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP). Both ICP and SSP returned to normal values following obliteration of the dural AVM by selective embolization.

Hyperoxia of cerebral venous blood and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid following arterial air embolism

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norval M. Simms ◽  
Don M. Long ◽  
James H. Matthews ◽  
Shelley N. Chou
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Oxygen Tension ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Air Embolism ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
The Right

✓ Oxygen tension and acid-base parameters of cerebral venous blood and cisternal cerebrospinal fluid, as well of femoral arterial blood, were studied in 14 dogs following injection of varying amounts of room air into the right vertebral artery. Acute elevations in oxygen tension were demonstrated in both cerebral venous blood and CSF, whereas hypoxemia occurred concomitantly in systemic arterial blood. Post-embolic increases in carbon dioxide tension with reciprocal diminutions in pH were evident in all sampling sites. The pathophysiological bases for these air-induced alterations are discussed.

Body position and cerebrospinal fluid pressure

1976 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 687-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Magnæs
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebral Blood Volume ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Stationary Waves ◽  
Transient Waves ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood

✓ Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was recorded in 149 patients and arterial blood pressure (BP) in 11 patients while moving between lateral and sitting positions. Rapid tilting initiated waves in BP and CSF filling pressure. The postural CSF pressure wave manifested itself either as a transient or as a stationary wave similar to a plateau wave. When patients sat up, transient waves had amplitudes up to 550 and stationary waves up to 1000 mm H2O. When they lay down, transient waves had amplitudes up to 800 mm H2O. Stationary waves were found only among patients with elevated intracranial pressure and a diseased brain. The waves were mainly caused by changes in cerebral blood volume probably reflecting the postural BP wave and brain autoregulation. Most patients with stationary and large transient waves also manifested clinical symptoms. These symptoms were aggravated when a craniospinal block developed in the sitting position, and were reduced or avoided when the tilting was performed slowly over 2 to 3 minutes.

Acute effect of glycerol on net cerebrospinal fluid production in dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Y. Zoghbi ◽  
Sada Okumura ◽  
John P. Laurent ◽  
Marvin A. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Serum Osmolality ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Csf Production

✓ The effect of glycerol administration on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation in dogs was studied by means of a ventriculocisternal perfusion technique. Net CSF production rate decreased after oral administration of glycerol (3 gm/kg) from a baseline level of 42.33 ± 6.68 µl/min (mean ± standard error) to a trough of 10.33 ± 4.88 µl/min at 90 minutes after administration (p < 0.025). Serum osmolality concomitantly increased from a baseline value of 296 ± 2.83 to 309 ± 4.7 mOsm/kg H2O at 90 minutes. The mean percentage change in CSF production inversely correlated to the mean percentage change in serum osmolality, r = −0.85. Thus, glycerol administration decreases net CSF formation, and this effect may be related in part to the rise in serum osmolality.

Delineation of the obex by contrast radiography during percutaneous trigeminal tractotomy

1972 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Fourth Ventricle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cisterna Magna ◽  
Contrast Radiography ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Accuracy of percutaneous implantation of an electrode into the descending trigeminal tract can be improved substantially by contrast radiography. A translateral x-ray film taken after 1 cc of Pantopaque emulsified with 1 cc of cerebrospinal fluid has been injected by midline puncture of the cisterna magna will outline the floor of the fourth ventricle, the obex, and the dorsum of the medulla oblongata. Injection is made under mild pressure and with the patient prone. This technique has been used successfully on 12 patients.

Thermosensitive determination of patency in lumboperitoneal shunts

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ishiwata ◽  
Yasuhiro Chiba ◽  
Toshinori Yamashita ◽  
Gakuji Gondo ◽  
Kaoru Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunt ◽  
Surface Cooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts ◽  
Upward Deflection ◽  
Shunt Tubing ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Surface cooling and thermistor recording over shunt tubing was used in 23 studies of cerebrospinal fluid shunt patency in 19 patients with lumboperitoneal shunts and normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Shunt patency was shown by downward reflection of the recording trace similar to that obtained for ventriculoperitoneal shunts. Obstruction was demonstrated by a flat-line recording or an upward deflection.

Experimental transcerebral fistula

1984 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon Foltz ◽  
Jeffrey Blanks ◽  
Mortimer E. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Radionuclide Ventriculography ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Csf Rhinorrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Subarachnoid Spaces ◽  
High Degree

✓ Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics were studied in eight dogs during normal, hydrocephalic, and postoperative phases. Radionuclide-labeled substances introduced into the normal ventricular system flow out of the exits from the fourth ventricle to the convexity subarachnoid spaces superiorly to be absorbed in the sagittal sinus, and basorostrally to the exits from the perineural olfactory sheath into the nose to produce physiological cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. Serial radionuclide ventriculography of the head following intraventricular isotope injection of labeled proteins and chelate into the kaolin-induced hydrocephalic system shows a high degree of ventricular stasis with no perineural olfactory nerve flow (rhinorrhea). An operative transcerebral fistula, fashioned from a dilated lateral ventricle to the convexity subarachnoid space, reestablishes perineural olfactory flow of CSF into the nose, as demonstrated by the radionuclide ventriculography studies. This suggests a potential method for treatment of hydrocephalus. Serial imaging studies in this surgically modified system clearly demonstrate radionuclide flow through the patent fistula to distal absorption sites, thereby bypassing the basal obstruction. Moreover, augmented CSF pressures associated with obstructive hydrocephalus can be controlled by such treatment. The application of this method in treating clinical hydrocephalus is discussed with emphasis on fistula arachnoid closure to assure fistula patency.

scholarly journals Validation of Davson’s equation in patients suffering from idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afroditi-Despina Lalou ◽  
Virginia Levrini ◽  
Matthew Garnett ◽  
Eva Nabbanja ◽  
Dong-Joo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroductionThe so called Davson’s equation relates baseline intracranial pressure (ICP) to resistance to cerebrospinal fluid outflow (Rout), formation of cerebrospinal fluid (If) and sagittal sinus pressure (PSS) There is a controversy over whether this fundamental equation is applicable in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH). We investigated the relationship between Rout and ICP and also other compensatory, clinical and demographic parameters in NPH patients.MethodWe carried out a retrospective study of 229 patients with primary NPH who had undergone constant-rate infusion studies in our hospital. Data was recorded and processed using ICM+ software. Relationships between variables were sought by calculating Pearson product correlation coefficients and p values.ResultsWe found a significant, albeit weak, relationship between ICP and Rout (R=0.17, p=0.0049), Rout and peak-to-peak amplitude of ICP (AMP) (R=0.27, p=3.577e−05) and Rout and age (R=0.16, p=0.01306).ConclusionsThe relationship found between ICP and Rout provides indirect evidence to support disturbed Cerebrospinal fluid circulation as a key factor in disturbed CSF dynamics in NPH. Weak correlation may indicate that other factors: variable Pss and formation of CSF outflow contribute heavily to linear model expressed by Davson’s equation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document