Acute effect of glycerol on net cerebrospinal fluid production in dogs

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Y. Zoghbi ◽  
Sada Okumura ◽  
John P. Laurent ◽  
Marvin A. Fishman
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Serum Osmolality ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Csf Production

✓ The effect of glycerol administration on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation in dogs was studied by means of a ventriculocisternal perfusion technique. Net CSF production rate decreased after oral administration of glycerol (3 gm/kg) from a baseline level of 42.33 ± 6.68 µl/min (mean ± standard error) to a trough of 10.33 ± 4.88 µl/min at 90 minutes after administration (p < 0.025). Serum osmolality concomitantly increased from a baseline value of 296 ± 2.83 to 309 ± 4.7 mOsm/kg H2O at 90 minutes. The mean percentage change in CSF production inversely correlated to the mean percentage change in serum osmolality, r = −0.85. Thus, glycerol administration decreases net CSF formation, and this effect may be related in part to the rise in serum osmolality.

Effect of systemic arterial hypotension on the rate of cerebrospinal fluid formation in dogs

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Carey ◽  
A. Richard Vela
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Fluid Formation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Fine Print

✓The rate of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in dogs was measured by ventriculocisternal perfusion with artificial CSF containing inulin. In normotensive animals, the average CSF production was 36 ± 6 µl/min. When the mean arterial blood pressure was reduced to 62 ± 1 mm Hg, the CSF production fell to 22 ± 5 µl/min, a 39% reduction in fluid formation. The authors briefly discuss various hypotheses to explain this reduction.

Further data on the acute effect of intravenous steroids on canine CSF secretion and absorption

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Richard Vela ◽  
Michael E. Carey ◽  
Bruce M. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Acute Effect ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Outflow Resistance ◽  
Intravenous Methylprednisolone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Difference Of Opinion ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Intravenous Steroids ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Csf Absorption

✓ Considerable difference of opinion has arisen as to whether intravenously administered steroids affect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production in the acute laboratory animal undergoing ventriculocisternal perfusion. Our experiments with ventriculocisternal perfusion in dogs indicate that, when given intravenously, neither dexamethasone, methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, nor aldosterone result in a significant, acute effect upon CSF production. Similarly, CSF absorption and outflow resistance mechanisms are not acutely affected by intravenous methylprednisolone, hydrocortisone, and aldosterone. Dexamethasone also probably does not produce an immediate effect upon CSF absorption.

Downregulation of cerebrospinal fluid production in patients with chronic hydrocephalus

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 1271-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Silverberg ◽  
Stephen Huhn ◽  
Richard A. Jaffe ◽  
Steven D. Chang ◽  
Thomas Saul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Ventricular Catheter ◽  
Chronic Hydrocephalus ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of hydrocephalus on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rates in patients with acute and chronic hydrocephalus. Methods. The authors studied CSF production both in patients presenting with acute and chronic hydrocephalus, and patients with Parkinson disease (PD) of a similar mean age, whose CSF production was known to be normal. A modification of the Masserman method was used to measure CSF production through a ventricular catheter. The CSF production rates (means ± standard deviations) in the three groups were then compared. The patients with PD had a mean CSF production rate of 0.42 ± 0.13 ml/minute; this value lies within the normal range measured using this technique. Patients with acute hydrocephalus had a similar CSF production rate of 0.4 ± 0.13 ml/minute, whereas patients with chronic hydrocephalus had a significantly decreased mean CSF production rate of 0.25 ± 0.08 ml/minute. Conclusions. The authors postulate that chronic increased intracranial pressure causes downregulation of CSF production.

Effect of certain drugs on cerebrospinal fluid production in the dog

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Oppelt ◽  
C. S. Patlak ◽  
D. P. Rall
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Cardiac Glycoside ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Csf Production

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production rates were measured in the dog by ventriculocisternal perfusion with inulin containing buffer. Normal CSF production rate was found to be about 0.05 ml/min which represents a turnover of 0.4%/min. After intravenous administration of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, acetazolamide and methazolamide, a 40–50% decrease in CSF production occurred. An increase in plasma pCO2, by allowing the animals to inhale 95% oxygen, 5% CO2, did not result in any significant change in CSF production. Both intravenous and intrathecal administration of varying doses of the cardiac glycoside, ouabain, did not cause any significant change in CSF production rates. It is concluded that CSF production, in part, is controlled by a carbonic anhydrase system.

Effects of halothane and fentanyl anesthesia on resistance to reabsorption of CSF

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan A. Artru
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatial Compensation ◽  
Increased Icp ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Volume

✓ Using the technique of ventriculocisternal perfusion, resistance to reabsorption of cerebrospinal fluid (Ra) was examined in dogs during anesthesia with halothane (0.8%) or fentanyl (3.0 µg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1 for 20 minutes, followed by 0.2 µg ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ min−1, intravenously). Compared to normal Ra in dogs (220 to 224 cm H2O⋅ ml−1⋅min−1), halothane increased Ra to 245 ± 2 cm H2O⋅ml−1⋅min−1 (mean ± standard error of the mean), and fentanyl decreased Ra to 114 ± 1 cm H2O⋅ml−1⋅min−1. Changes in Ra caused by halothane or fentanyl may contribute, in part, to changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) observed during prolonged anesthesia with these agents. Because decreased Ra improves spatial compensation by cerebrospinal fluid volume during increased ICP, fentanyl may be preferred over halothane in patients at risk because of increased ICP.

Surgical removal of bilateral papillomas of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles with resolution of hydrocephalus

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Gudeman ◽  
Humbert G. Sullivan ◽  
Michael J. Rosner ◽  
Donald P. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Tumor Removal ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lateral Ventricles ◽  
Csf Diversion ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The authors report a patient with bilateral papillomas of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricles with documentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypersecretion causing hydrocephalus. Special attention is given to the large volume of CSF produced by these tumors (removal of one tumor reduced CSF outflow by one-half) and to the fact that CSF diversion was not required after both tumors were removed. Since tumor removal alone was sufficient to stop the progression of hydrocephalus, we feel that this case supports the concept that elevated CSF production by itself is sufficient to cause hydrocephalus in patients with papillomas of the choroid plexus.

The effect of dexamethasone on the rate of formation of cerebrospinal fluid in the monkey

1974 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert N. Martins ◽  
Archimedes Ramirez ◽  
Lewis S. Solomon ◽  
G. Michael Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Formation Rate ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
Intravenous Dose ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Perfusion Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
And Control ◽  
Csf Formation Rate ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The standard ventriculocisternal perfusion technique was used to determine what effect a single large intravenous dose of dexamethasone would have on CSF formation rate in the rhesus monkey over a 4-hour period. Three monkeys received 0.15 mg/kg, four received 0.4 mg/kg and five served as the untreated controls. With time, CSF formation rates decreased in both treated and control groups. The magnitude of the decrease in the treated and untreated controls did not differ significantly. We conclude that the therapeutic benefit of dexamethasone for intracranial spatial decompensation derives from a mechanism of action that leaves the rate of CSF formation unchanged.

Cerebrospinal fluid formation and absorption in dehydrated sheep

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. F235-F238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Chodobski ◽  
Joanna Szmydynger-Chodobska ◽  
Michael J. McKinley
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Cerebral Ventricles ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Ventriculocisternal Perfusion ◽  
Fluid Formation ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Csf Production

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays an important role in the brain’s adaptive response to acute osmotic disturbances. In the present experiments, the effect of 48-h dehydration on CSF formation and absorption rates was studied in conscious adult sheep. Animals had cannulas chronically implanted into the lateral cerebral ventricles and cisterna magna to enable the ventriculocisternal perfusion. A 48-h water deprivation altered neither CSF production nor resistance to CSF absorption. However, in the water-depleted sheep, intraventricular pressure tended to be lower than that found under control conditions. This likely resulted from decreased extracellular fluid volume and a subsequent drop in central venous pressure occurring in dehydrated animals. In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for the maintenance of CSF production during mild dehydration, which may play a role in the regulation of fluid balance in the brain during chronic hyperosmotic stress.

The effect of dexamethasone phosphate on the production rate of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space of dogs

1973 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Sato ◽  
Makoto Hara ◽  
Takehiko Asai ◽  
Ryuichi Tsugane ◽  
Naoki Kageyama
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Spinal Subarachnoid Space ◽  
Dexamethasone Phosphate ◽  
Maximal Reduction ◽  
Csf Production ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The effect of intravenous dexamethasone on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production was studied in dogs by a method of caudocephalad perfusion of the spinal subarachnoid space with an inulin-containing buffer. The CSF production rate began to reduce immediately after the injection of 0.15 mg/kg and attained a maximal reduction of 50% in 50 minutes.

Circadian variation in human cerebrospinal fluid production measured by magnetic resonance imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (1) ◽  
pp. R20-R24 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nilsson ◽  
F. Stahlberg ◽  
C. Thomsen ◽  
O. Henriksen ◽  
M. Herning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Circadian Variation ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Cerebral Aqueduct ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fluid Production ◽  
Csf Production

Recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging have made it possible to visualize and quantify flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. The net flow of CSF through the cerebral aqueduct was used to measure CSF production in six normal volunteers at different times during a 24-h period. CSF production varied greatly both intra- and interindividually. The average CSF production in each time interval showed a clear tendency to circadian variation, with a minimum production 30% of maximum values (12 +/- 7 ml/h) approximately 1800 h and a nightly peak production approximately 0200 h of 42 +/- 2 ml/h. The total CSF production during the whole 24-h period, calculated as an average of all measurements, was 650 ml for the whole group and 630 ml for repeated measurements in each time interval in one of the volunteers.

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