Compensatory growth following premature closure of the coronal suture in rabbits

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Babler ◽  
John A. Persing ◽  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
John A. Jane ◽  
George T. Rodeheaver
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Premature Closure ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Skull Growth ◽  
Skull Deformation ◽  
Surgical Release

✓ Premature closure of a cranial suture results in skull deformation characterized by inhibited skull growth in a direction perpendicular to the course of the affected suture. Early surgical release of the closed suture results in a “normal” skull morphology. The present experimental study measured alterations in growth at the transverse cranial sutures that occurred following induced premature closure of the coronal suture and its subsequent release in New Zealand White rabbits. Using roentgenocephalometric methods, growth and morphometric changes were monitored at the frontonasal, coronal, and anterior lambdoid sutures following premature closure of the coronal suture at 9 days of age. The results indicated that premature closure of the coronal suture did not result in compensatory (increased) growth at the other transverse sutures of the vault. In fact, growth at these sutures was significantly reduced. This reduced growth at adjacent transverse sutures was not ameliorated by early surgical release of the fused suture.

Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis of restricted periods of neurocranial suture immobilization in rabbits

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Alberius ◽  
Göran Selvik
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Volumetric Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Adhesive ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Spontaneous Correction ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Age Dependent

✓ The effect of temporary fusion of sutures on craniofacial growth was studied biometrically in 4-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits. Tantalum bone markers were implanted in the cranial vault, and the coronal suture immobilized with isobutyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive. Linear craniectomy was performed after 2 or 6 weeks of sutural growth restriction (four animals in each group). The animals were followed for approximately 17 weeks. Early craniectomy resulted in greatly increased coronal suture bone separation (175% of control growth rates in peers and 125% of maximal control rates). Growth after late craniectomy showed an age-dependent lower rate, but still the overshoot markedly surpassed controls (210% of control rates in peers and 65% of maximal control growth rates). Overall, both exhibited overcompensation in coronal suture growth. A rapid compensation of adjacent sutures to temporary growth restriction and a tendency toward spontaneous correction following release of growth inhibition were demonstrated. Thus, the total anteroposterior growth of the combined frontonasal and coronal sutures nearly equaled that of control animals. Following linear craniectomy, volumetric calvarial expansion increased considerably in both early and late groups, due to compensatory coronal suture growth, but probably due also to spatial bone rearrangements. Based upon the findings, the length of the suture immobilization period seems critical to longitudinal and volumetric growth as well as to subsequent compensatory activity after surgical correction.

The effects of mechanical immobilization on sutural development in the growing rabbit

1980 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 794-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Foley ◽  
Vincent G. Kokich
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Bone Union ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bone Bridge ◽  
Age Related ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Methyl-2-cyanoacrylate was used to mechanically immobilize the coronal suture unilaterally in a series of New Zealand white rabbits at varying ages. The animals were separated into groups; some were sacrificed at 30 days and some at 60 days postoperatively. Amalgam markers were placed in the parietal and frontal bones across the coronal suture, and were measured immediately after surgery and at the time of sacrifice to confirm mechanical immobility. The animals were studied radiographically and histologically in order to document the presence or absence of sutural bone union. Based on the results of this study, it appears that immobilization of the coronal suture results in the formation of an ectocranial periosteal bone bridge in rabbits less than 8 weeks of age. Bone union was not found in animals older than 8 weeks of age. This age-related difference in response is believed to be due to decreased periosteal depository activity on the ectocranial surface of the calvaria once the brain ceases to expand actively. Furthermore, bone union or synostosis was never seen within or across the internal portion of the sutural ligament. It is suggested, therefore, that sutural immobilization at young ages in the rabbit does not result in sutural synostosis and that the term “periosteal bone bridge” should be used when referring to this biological response.

Skull growth after coronal suturectomy, periostectomy, and dural transection

1982 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Babler ◽  
John A. Persing ◽  
K. Maurits Persson ◽  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
John A. Jane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Falx Cerebri ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Skull Growth ◽  
Parietal Bones ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Using radiocephalometric procedures, the authors examined the separate effects of suturectomy, periostectomy, and dural transection on the growing skull in young rabbits. When the coronal suture was surgically removed during normal growth, the freed frontal and parietal bones separated at a significantly accelerated rate. No accelerated separation was found when only the overlying periosteum and aponeurosis were transected. Furthermore, no additional separation was observed when the dura mater and falx cerebri were transected following suturectomy. Analysis of growth at the adjacent frontonasal and anterior lambdoid sutures suggested that the accelerated separation of bones after suturectomy was compensated for by reduced growth at these adjacent sutures. The result of these compensatory actions was that the total length of the skull remained unchanged. This study not only supports earlier observations that sutures grow in response to extrinsic separative forces but, significantly, that the suture tissue itself, rather than the dura or pericranium, acts as a restraint during normal translatory growth.

Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis of neurocranial suturectomy in rabbits

1984 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Alberius ◽  
Göran Selvik ◽  
Leif Ekelund
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cranial Vault ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Disturbances ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Control Volumes ◽  
Fine Print

✓ This investigation was conducted to further elucidate both the significance of a calvarial suture and the compensatory ability of the cranial vault. Four-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to unilateral or bilateral extirpation of the coronal suture after insertion of metallic markers, and were then followed regularly by roentgen stereophotogrammetry until age 21 weeks. Bilateral extirpation of the normal coronal suture resulted in a dramatically increased initial rate of bone separation, which tended to remain supranormal for the rest of the investigation. Unilateral suturectomy showed differences in growth between the sides, the operated side initially separating significantly more than the other. Volumetric calvarial growth in rabbits with unilateral extirpation terminated similar to that in control animals, while volumes in rabbits with bilateral extirpations constantly exceeded control volumes, finally exceeding these by 65%. Responses at intact sutures confirmed the compensatory capacity of cranial vaults. The results indicate that the passive longitudinal and volumetric cranial vault bone growth responds quickly to growth disturbances, thereby demonstrating its plasticity, and that the neurocranial suture is a restraining and modulating component in cranial growth.

Experimental craniosynostosis in growing rabbits

1983 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Nappen ◽  
Vincent G. Kokich
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Metallic Implants ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Parietal Bones ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Reports on the role of the periosteum in premature sutural synostosis have been contradictory. The present study summarizes a series of six experiments designed to clarify these previously conflicting findings. Twenty-five male New Zealand White rabbits were divided into six experimental groups. In four of the groups, methyl-2-cyanoacrylate was used to glue the frontal and parietal bones together and temporarily immobilize the coronal suture. In the other two groups, the sutures were not immobilized. Polyethylene was used to separate the cyanoacrylate from the periosteum in two of the groups. The experiments were performed at 5 weeks of age, and the animals were killed at either 30, 45, or 180 days postoperatively. Metallic implants were placed in the frontal and parietal bones for monitoring growth and/or sutural immobilization. Sutural fusion was confirmed radiographically or histologically. Based upon the findings it seems that mechanical immobilization of a suture does not induce fusion of that suture in rabbits. Furthermore, it appears that the mere application of methyl-2-cyanoacrylate to the periosteum overlying a suture will consistently cause the formation of a bony bridge in growing rabbits but not in nongrowing animals. The adhesive does not consistently induce synostosis if the periosteum is excised.

Age as a critical factor in the success of surgical correction of craniosynostosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 601-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Persing ◽  
William Babler ◽  
H. Richard Winn ◽  
John Jane ◽  
George Rodeheaver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Impression ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Adhesive ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Surgical Release

✓ The effect of timing of the surgical release of prematurely immobilized coronal sutures was studied in rabbits. At 9 days of age, the coronal suture was mechanically immobilized by the application of methyl cyanoacrylate adhesive. These animals and a control group then received metallic implants on each side of the suture to monitor growth. At 30, 60, or 90 days after suture immobilization, separate groups of animals underwent a linear suturectomy to release the restriction. In animals in which the suture was not released, growth at the coronal suture was significantly restricted and resulted in severe deformities in the neurocranium. The benefits derived from surgical release were time-dependent. Suturectomy at 30 days of age resulted within 60 days in achievement of 100% of the growth in sham-treated controls. In contrast, delayed surgery at 60 or 90 days of age resulted in achievement of only 38% and 17% of normal growth, respectively. Angular measurements of the vault and base of the cranium showed a similar graded response toward normality, with the greatest correction occurring with the earliest operation. These results support the clinical impression that early surgical correction of craniosynostosis results in superior cosmetic appearance. A further implication of this work is that abnormality at a single suture strongly influences the development of other areas in the craniofacial complex.

scholarly journals A de novo substitution in BCL11B leads to loss of interaction with transcriptional complexes and craniosynostosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (15) ◽  
pp. 2501-2513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A C Goos ◽  
Walter K Vogel ◽  
Hana Mlcochova ◽  
Christopher J Millard ◽  
Elahe Esfandiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Nurd Complex ◽  
Binding Studies ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Skull Vault ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Transcriptional Complexes ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Abstract Craniosynostosis, the premature ossification of cranial sutures, is a developmental disorder of the skull vault, occurring in approximately 1 in 2250 births. The causes are heterogeneous, with a monogenic basis identified in ~25% of patients. Using whole-genome sequencing, we identified a novel, de novo variant in BCL11B, c.7C>A, encoding an R3S substitution (p.R3S), in a male patient with coronal suture synostosis. BCL11B is a transcription factor that interacts directly with the nucleosome remodelling and deacetylation complex (NuRD) and polycomb-related complex 2 (PRC2) through the invariant proteins RBBP4 and RBBP7. The p.R3S substitution occurs within a conserved amino-terminal motif (RRKQxxP) of BCL11B and reduces interaction with both transcriptional complexes. Equilibrium binding studies and molecular dynamics simulations show that the p.R3S substitution disrupts ionic coordination between BCL11B and the RBBP4–MTA1 complex, a subassembly of the NuRD complex, and increases the conformational flexibility of Arg-4, Lys-5 and Gln-6 of BCL11B. These alterations collectively reduce the affinity of BCL11B p.R3S for the RBBP4–MTA1 complex by nearly an order of magnitude. We generated a mouse model of the BCL11B p.R3S substitution using a CRISPR-Cas9-based approach, and we report herein that these mice exhibit craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, as well as other cranial sutures. This finding provides strong evidence that the BCL11B p.R3S substitution is causally associated with craniosynostosis and confirms an important role for BCL11B in the maintenance of cranial suture patency.

Secondary spinal canal stenosis associated with long-term ventriculoperitoneal shunting

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Kobayashi ◽  
Kazuo Hashi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Spinal Canal Stenosis ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Canal Stenosis ◽  
Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Early Closure

✓ Secondary changes in the cervical spine were studied in 18 cases with long-term ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Significant decreases in the anteroposterior diameter of cervical spinal canal and interpedicular distance were noted in patients who had had a VP shunt placed before 2 years of age and in whom sustained low intracranial pressure persisted for a long time, as evidenced by early closure of the cranial sutures or thickening of the cranial bones.

Skull growth in achondroplasic (cn) mice; a craniometric study

Development ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022
Author(s):  
Rosemary J. Jolly ◽  
W. J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Central Section ◽  
Condylar Process ◽  
Skull Growth ◽  
Anterior Extension ◽  
Posterior Extension ◽  
Nasal Septal Cartilage

Skull morphology in achondroplasic (cn/cn) mice was compared with that of normal siblings in order to determine the effects of this chondrodystrophy on skull growth, particular attention being given to dimensions reflecting growth at the synchondroses of the cranial base, the nasal septal cartilage and the condylar cartilage of the mandible. The central section of the cranial base (basicranial axis) was reduced by 25 %, the length of the viscerocranium by 18 % and the length of the condylar process by 11 %. The evidence indicates that these reductions are due to diminished growth at respectively the spheno-occipital and midsphenoidal synchondroses, the nasal septal cartilage and the condylar cartilage. The relative sizes of the reductions in cranial base, viscerocranium and condylar process suggest that the growth of synchondrotic and septal cartilages is diminished to a greater extent than that of condylar cartilage. This finding is in agreement with the observations that condylar cartilage, unlike synchondrotic and septal cartilage, grows by surface apposition and that the principal defect in cn/cn mice is a disturbance of interstitial cartilaginous growth. The posterior extension of the basicranial axis of the cn/cn mice was reduced by 14 % and the anterior extension by 2 %. The width of the cranial base was decreased by 9 % and the angle between the basicranial axis and its anterior extension was decreased by 3 %. The length of theneurocranium was reduced by 19 % in the cn/cn animals while the volume of the endocranial cavity was diminished by only 18 %. The latter reduction is less than would be expected from the cube relationship between volume and linear dimensions but is readily accounted for by the lack of reduction in the height or width of the neurocranium, the slight flattening of the cranial base and the doming of the neurocranial vault.

Study on Morphometric Features of Coronal Suture Along with it Absence and Craniosynostosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 8151-8155
Author(s):  
Khaleel N ◽  
◽  
Angadi A V ◽  
Muralidhar P S ◽  
Shabiya M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Defect ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Coronal Suture ◽  
Cranial Suture ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Metopic Suture ◽  
Parietal Bones ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cranial sutures are syndesmosis between the cranial bones. The coronal suture is oblique in direction and extends between the frontal and the parietal bones. Craniosynostosis is a rare birth defect that occurs when the coronal suture in the skull fuses prematurely, but the brain continues to grow and develop. This leads to a misshapen head. There are a number of forms of this defect, such as coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and metopic. Materials and Methods: Total 500 skulls were used for study, coronal suture length measured by thread method, distance between Nasion to bregma and midsupraorbital rim to coronal suture were measured. For finding skull with absence of coronal, sagittal, lambdoid, and metopic suture, we examined many skulls during routine osteology classes of Medical, Dental and other medical sciences students. Around 500 skull observed and we find only one skull with absence of left coronal suture completely. Results: The length of coronal suture was 24.8+1.4cm length, the distance between nasion to bregma was 126.7 +10.25 mm and Midsupraorbital rim to cranial suture was 102.76+8.64mm We have found only one skull with absence of coronal suture. Some of the skulls shows partly fusion of sagittal, coronal sutures. The skull with complete absence of coronal suture showing the features of other sutures clearly and right side of coronal suture is showing the complete suture. The skull was not damaged and it is in perfect condition which was using by students for their osteology study. Conclusion: We found the skull with absence of left coronal suture, which may resulted due to craniosynostosis. It may be due to hot climate in India also might be resulted for absence of suture. KEY WORDS: Birth defect, Skull, Coronal suture, Craniosynostosis.

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