Prolactin gene expression in human growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas

1990 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Nagaya ◽  
Hisao Seo ◽  
Akio Kuwayama ◽  
Tsuyoshi Sakurai ◽  
Nobuhiro Tsukamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Adenoma Tissue

✓ To elucidate the mechanism of hyperprolactinemia often observed in patients with growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas, the presence of immunoreactive prolactin (ir-PRL) and prolactin (PRL) messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the tumor tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry and cytoplasmic dot hybridization. Hyperprolactinemia was observed in three of 18 patients with GH-secreting adenoma. The tumor tissue was demonstrated to contain ir-PRL in nine patients and PRL mRNA in 13. The presence of ir-PRL in the tumor tissue was always associated with positive PRL mRNA, indicating production of PRL in GH-secreting tumors. Among the three patients with hyperprolactinemia, both ir-PRL and PRL mRNA was revealed in the tumor tissue of one, PRL mRNA but not ir-PRL was detected in the adenoma tissue of another, and neither PRL mRNA nor ir-PRL was found in the tumor tissue of the third. The association of hyperprolactinemia with the presence of both ir-PRL and PRL mRNA or PRL mRNA alone is indicative of PRL production and secretion. However, the absence of ir-PRL and PRL mRNA in the tumor tissue may indicate that hyperprolactinemia is caused by the suppression of PRL inhibitory factor due to hypothalamic dysfunction by the tumor mass. Thus, the study of PRL gene expression and immunohistochemistry in GH-secreting adenomas is valuable to understanding the pathophysiology of pituitary tumors.

Clonal origin of pituitary adenomas

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee B. Jacoby ◽  
E. Tessa Hedley-Whyte ◽  
Karen Pulaski ◽  
Bernd R. Seizinger ◽  
Robert L. Martuza
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

✓ Benign pituitary adenomas are among the most common neurosurgical tumors and account for a diversity of clinical syndromes due to their hormone content and release. To determine whether these tumors arise from a single cell or multiple cells, the authors studied X chromosome inactivation in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) isolated from pituitary adenomas in women. Tumors of three different hormonal subtypes were examined. One tumor contained cells immunoreactive for prolactin and human growth hormone; one tumor contained foci immunoreactive for the β-subunits of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone; and the third tumor had no immunoreactive prolactin, human growth hormone, β-subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone, or the α-subunit. Analysis of the DNA revealed that, in each of the three pituitary tumors, one X chromosome was active in all cells and one X chromosome was inactive, indicating that each of these tumors was monoclonal in origin. It is concluded that clinically evident pituitary tumors arise from a genetic mutation in a single cell.

Human growth hormone in cultures of human pituitary tumors

1971 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Batzdorf ◽  
Vivian Gold ◽  
Nancy Matthews ◽  
Josiah Brown
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Tissue Culture Medium ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Juvenile Diabetic

✓ Tissue culture medium of 14 human pituitary adenomas removed from acromegalic and hypopituitary patients was analyzed for human growth hormone (HGH). High HGH levels were detected in the culture medium of all adenomas removed from acromegalic patients. HGH was undetectable in the tissue culture medium of six of eight adenomas removed from hypopituitary patients. Elevated HGH levels were also found in the culture medium of pituitary tissue obtained from a juvenile diabetic patient.

Transsphenoidal microsurgical removal of 250 pituitary adenomas

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles B. Wilson ◽  
Lawrence C. Dempsey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Postoperative Death ◽  
Fine Print

✓ In a series of 250 pituitary adenomas, 72 (28.8%) were nonsecreting and 178 (71.2%) produced a hypersecretion syndrome: human growth hormone (83), prolactin (59), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (36). One-fifth had received prior treatment and one-fourth had visual impairment. The technical aspects of the trans-sphenoidal procedure are given with separate consideration of microadenomas and larger tumors. The results are provided in summary form with emphasis on the favorable outcome following removal of microadenomas. There was one postoperative death, and the complications observed after operation are presented.

scholarly journals Negative thyroid hormone control of human growth hormone gene expression is mediated by 3‘-untranslated/3‘-flanking DNA.

1992 ◽  
Vol 267 (21) ◽  
pp. 15056-15063
Author(s):  
W Zhang ◽  
R.L. Brooks ◽  
D.W. Silversides ◽  
B.L. West ◽  
F Leidig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Growth Hormone Gene ◽  
Hormone Control ◽  
Human Growth Hormone Gene

Age-Related Decrease of Growth Hormone and Prolactin Gene Expression in the Mouse Pituitary*

Endocrinology ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 1251-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK D. CREW ◽  
STEPHEN R. SPINDLER ◽  
ROY L. WALFORD ◽  
AKIO KOIZUMI
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Prolactin Gene ◽  
Mouse Pituitary

Gonadotropin secretion, synthesis, and gene expression in human growth hormone transgenic mice and in Ames dwarf mice.

Endocrinology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 2518-2524 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tang ◽  
A Bartke ◽  
C S Gardiner ◽  
T E Wagner ◽  
J S Yun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Gonadotropin Secretion ◽  
Ames Dwarf Mice ◽  
Ames Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Mice

Thyrotrophin-producing pituitary adenomas

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Hill ◽  
James M. Falko ◽  
Charles B. Wilson ◽  
William E. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Pituitary Tumors ◽  
Recurrent Tumor ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aggressive Tumor ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Hyperthyroidism due to thyrotrophin (TSH)-secreting pituitary tumors is rare. Four cases are described, with the features that allow preoperative diagnosis. In all the patients, thyroid hormone production was consistently elevated despite antithyroid therapy, and TSH levels were inappropriately elevated. All patients were treated with both surgery and irradiation. Each patient had recurrent tumor with suprasellar, intrasphenoidal, or intraorbital spread. The combination of a recurrent, aggressive tumor complicated by thyrotoxicosis makes this a complex and difficult surgical problem.

Human growth hormone as a reporter gene in regulation studies employing transient gene expression

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3173-3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
R F Selden ◽  
K B Howie ◽  
M E Rowe ◽  
H M Goodman ◽  
D D Moore
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Transient Expression ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Assay System ◽  
Transient Assay ◽  
Pituitary Cells

The human growth hormone (hGH) transient assay system described here is based on the expression of hGH directed by cells transfected with hGH fusion genes. Levels of secreted hGH in the medium, measured by a simple radioimmunoassay, are proportional to both levels of cytoplasmic hGH mRNA and the amount of transfected DNA. The system is extremely sensitive, easy to perform, and is qualitatively different from other transient expression systems in that the medium is assayed and the cells themselves are not destroyed. The hGH transient assay system is appropriate for analyses of regulation of gene expression and was utilized here to investigate the effect of the simian virus 40 enhancer on the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter and the effect of zinc on the mouse metallothionein-I promoter. The expression of hGH can also be used as an internal control to monitor transfection efficiency along with any other transient expression system. All cell types tested thus far (including AtT-20, CV-1, GC, GH4, JEG, L, and primary pituitary cells) were able to secrete hGH into the medium.

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