scholarly journals The nature of the action undertaken by the UN Special Rapporteur on migrant rights . Selected issues and problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-168
Author(s):  
Iwona Wrońska
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
International Community ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Special Rapporteur ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Third Country Nationals

Despite the contribution they make to the life of host countries, migrants are often subjected to inappropriate or often cruel treatment because they are third-country nationals or are in an uncertain situation. The growing interest of the international community in the subject matter of human rights means that particular attention is now being devoted to migrant rights. The activity of the UN Special Rapporteur on migrant rights, who operates within the framework of the so-called Special Procedures established by the Human Rights Coun­cil, plays a special role among the mechanisms of protection of migrant rights in international relations.

Nonprosecutorial Sanctions for Grave Violations of International Humanitarian Law: Wartime Conduct of Bosnian Police Officials

2003 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory L. Naarden
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
International Community ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Domestic Courts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Judicial Systems

Addressing accountability for human rights atrocities takes on particular significance in postconflict situations. To the extent that mechanisms for accountability facilitate the pursuit of justice against individual perpetrators, the reform of institutions staffed by perpetrators, and the initiation of reconciliation processes, identifying those who committed atrocities is a fundamental aspect of a peacekeeping mission.The international community has established tribunals to try those who committed atrocities and will not be tried in domestic courts. Such tribunals, however, limit the scope of prosecutions to high-ranking officials, and do not command sufficient resources to pursue the multitude of individuals who participated in atrocities. Domestic courts have jurisdiction to try individuals who participated in atrocities, but judicial systems in postconflict. countries find themselves in disarray and generally unable to cope with sensitive cases, because of both the subject matter and the potential number of cases.

scholarly journals Engaging the “Animal Question” in International Relations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Fougner
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Animal Question

Abstract By raising the “animal question” in International Relations (IR), this essay seeks to contribute not only to put animals and human–animal relations on the IR agenda, but also to move the field in a less anthropocentric and non-speciesist direction. More specifically, the essay does three things: First, it makes animals visible within some of the main empirical realms conventionally treated as the subject matter of IR. Second, it reflects on IR's neglect of animals and human–animal relations in relation to both how IR has been constituted as a field and the broader socio-cultural context in which it is embedded. Third, it explores various ways in which IR scholars can start incorporating and take animals and human–animal relations seriously in studies on international relations.

An International Relations Perspective on the Reform Needs of the Human Rights Council

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-80
Author(s):  
Wolfgang S. Heinz
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Human Rights Council ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Subject

Abstract: This article approaches the matter of institutional reform of the United Nations Human Rights Council from an international relations perspective. A well-known tension exists between State representatives acting for their governments in international organisations, but whose decisions are presented as UN policies. The latter should be guided primarily by the UN Charter and public international law. However, in reality, different worldviews and foreign policy considerations play a more significant role. In a comprehensive stock-take, the article looks at four major dimensions of the Council, starting with structure and dynamics and major trends, followed by its country and thematic activities, and the role of key actors. Council reform proposals from both States and civil society are explored. Whilst the intergovernmental body remains the most important authority responsible for the protection of human rights in the international sphere, it has also been the subject of considerable criticism. Although it has made considerable progress towards enlarging its coverage and taking on more challenging human rights crises, among some of its major weaknesses are the election of human rights-unfriendly countries into its ranks, the failure to apply stronger sanctions on large, politically influential countries in the South and North, and lack of influence on human rights crises and chronic human rights problems in certain countries. Whilst various reform proposals have emerged from States and NGOs, other more far reaching propositions are under sometimes difficult negotiations. In the mid- to long-term, the UN human rights machinery can only have a stronger and more lasting impact if support from national/local actors and coalitions in politics and society can be strengthened.

scholarly journals Wolności i prawa polityczne dziecka

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
Marek Bielecki
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Developmental Issues ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Subject

The subject matter of the present paper is the analysis of particular normative solutions as well as the position of the judiciary and the interpretations of the doctrine in the scope of political freedom and rights that may be applied by a child. A child, as an entity equipped with the attribute of inherent and inalienable dignity, is a benefciary of the guarantees concerning the protection of human rights and freedoms proclaimed in both the national and international standards. Due to the existence of some objective obstacles such as age or developmental issues, certain rights cannot be fully applied by a child. While analyzing the indicated issues, the author of the study evaluates existing regulations as well as presents proposals for changes that could have a positive impact on children’s situation concerning the implementation of his/her political rights.

The impact of the Human Rights Act 1998

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Burrows
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Rights Act ◽  
Human Rights Act 1998 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
English Law ◽  
The Impact

The enactment of the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA 1998) has raised a number of novel issues for English law. But the impact of the Act on the subject matter of this book has been limited. That impact is best understood by clarifying that there are two main respects in which the Act is relevant to civil wrongs.

Coup D'état in Burundi: Renewal of Ethnic Violence In Africa's Great Lakes Region

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
International Community ◽  
Ethnic Violence ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Special Rapporteur ◽  
Coup D'etat

The Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in Burundi has called on the international community to exert the greatest possible pressure on belligerents there to put an end to spiralling violence.

scholarly journals On the subject matter of International Relations

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Albert ◽  
Barry Buzan
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject

AbstractThis article deals with the subject matter of International Relations as an academic discipline. It addresses the issue of whether and how one or many realms could legitimately be claimed as the discipline’s prime subject. It first raises a number of problems associated with both identifying the subject matter of IR and ‘labelling’ the discipline in relation to competing terms and disciplines, followed by a discussion on whether, and to what degree, IR takes its identity from a confluence of disciplinary traditions or from a distinct methodology. It then outlines two possibilities that would lead to identifying IR as a discipline defined by a specific realm in distinction to other disciplines: (1) the ‘international’ as a specificrealmof the social world, functionally differentiated from other realms; (2) IR as being about everything in the social world above a particularscale. The final section discusses the implications of these views for the study of International Relations.

Challenges to Traditional International Relations Theory Posed by Environmental Change

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Dyer
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
The World ◽  
Practical Challenge ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Over Time

Changes in the environment can impact international relations theory, despite enjoying only a limited amount of attention from scholars of the discipline. The sorts of influence that may be identified include ontology, epistemology, concepts, and methods, all of these being related to varying perspectives on international relations. It is likely that the most profound implications arise at the ontological level, since this establishes assumptions about, for example, whether the world we wish to understand is both political and ecological. However, more recently the recognition of the practical challenge presented by the environment has become widespread, though it has not yet translated into a significant impact on the discipline of international relations, even when theoretical implications are noted. It is now almost obligatory to include the environment in any list of modern international relations concerns, as over time it has become necessary to include peace, underdevelopment, gender, or race, as they quite rightly became recognized as significant aspects of the field. Moreover, the environment, as a relatively novel subject matter, has naturally brought some critique and innovation to the field. However, studies of the environment are also subject to such descriptors as “mainstream” and “radical” in debates about how best to tackle the subject. As is often the case, the debates are sharpest among those with the greatest interest in the subject.

Conscientious objection, health care and Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Health Care Practitioners ◽  
Article 9 ◽  
Margin Of Appreciation ◽  
Health Care Context ◽  
The Subject

Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights provides protection for freedom of thought, conscience and religion. From one perspective, it may be said that Article 9 guarantees a right to conscientious objection in health care, whereas from another perspective, a Strasbourg case, such as Pichon and Sajous v France, effectively means that Article 9 provides little or no protection in that context. In this article it is argued that the matter is more complex than either of these two positions would suggest. Moreover, given the nature of the subject matter, national authorities should be afforded a significant margin of appreciation in the way that they protect and regulate conscientious objection. By way of illustration, there is a discussion of the ways in which Article 9 might affect conscientious objection in health care under English law. The final part of the article considers the conceptual limitations of Article 9 in thinking about conscientious objection in health care; in particular, the claim that the extent to which Article 9 of the Convention provides protection for a conscientious objection in the health care context is a different question from whether conscientious objection by doctors and other health care practitioners is justified in principle.

scholarly journals THE EXTENT OF THE APPLICABILITY OF THE PRINCIPLE OF FAIR HEARING IN ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION IN NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Anosike Uzoechi
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Fair Hearing ◽  
Law Reports ◽  
Administrative Adjudication

This paper considers and examines the extent of the applicability of the principles of fair hearing in administrative adjudication in Nigeria. The paper holds the view that administrative adjudicatory bodies are compulsorily bound by the principles of fair hearing as most of their functions affect the rights and obligations of individuals appearing before them. Bearing in mind that these principles of fair hearing (and others ancillary to them) are however not straight jacket principles, hence this paper. In achieving this purpose, the paper adopts the thematic and doctrinal methods of research. The paper adopts the analytical, critical, expository and comparative methods of presentation, with copious reference to the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria; Textbooks on Constitutional and Administrative Law and Human Rights Law; Statute books; Law Reports (Case Laws); National Assembly Gazettes, Local and International Journals as primary and secondary sources of material on the subject-matter.

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