Characterize ultrasound exposure used for experimentsPart 1. How to report ultrasound exposure conditions

The purpose. In the study we investigated the impact of the partial blood flow shutdown on structural changes in the rabbit vena cava posterior wall after exposure to high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Methods. Ultrasound Exposure: frequency of 1.65 MHz, the ultrasound intensity in the focus of 13.6 kW/cm, the area of the focal spot 1 mm, continuous ultrasound, exposure for 3 seconds. Results. Immediately after HIFU exposure all layers of the vein wall showed characteristic signs of thermal damage. A week after exposure structural changes in the intima, media and adventitia was minimal in the part of vessel with preserved blood flow, and after 4 weeks the changes were not revealed. A week after HIFU exposure partial endothelium destruction, destruction of myocytes, disorganization and consolidation of collagen fibers of the adventitia were observed in an isolated segment of the vessel, and in 4 weeks endothelium restored and signs of damage in media and adventitia persisted, but were less obvious than in a week after exposure. Conclusion. The shutdown of blood flow after exposure to HIFU promotes persistent changes in the vein wall. Vein compression appears to be necessary for the obliteration of the vessel, when using HIFU-technology.

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On the safety of ultrasound exposure

Choonpa Igaku ◽

10.3179/jjmu.35.623 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 623-629 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nobuki KUDO ◽

Katsuyuki YAMAMOTO

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Exposure

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Researches on the Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1,2,4-tiadizoles-3,5-disubstituted using Ditiazolium Salts as Precursors

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.08.1.1716 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

Irina Zarafu ◽

Lucia Veronica Ivan ◽

Iuliana Harasim

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Reaction Process ◽

Physical Analysis ◽

Ultrasound Exposure ◽

Medium Activity ◽

Antibacterial And Anticancer Activity

3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-tiadiazoles with substituted-styril and heterocycle-vinyl were obtained by extending the method which implies the use of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-ditiazolium salts as precursors [1-4]. A comparative study of the reaction process in the case of perchlorates, diacide phosphates, tribromides and 3,5-distyrile-dithiazolium triiodides, taken as etalon, was perfomed. Good yields were obtained when using perchlorates, phosphates and triiodides. The reaction was made by heating the reaction mixture and by ultrasound exposure. The structure of the compounds was confirmed by chemical and physical analysis and the data obtained were identical to those of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-tiadiazoles obtained by another methods [5,6]. The biological (antibacterial and anticancer) activity of the synthesized compounds was tested and the results indicated a medium activity.

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Evaluation of Daphnia Magna Neonate Viability under Low Temperature Exposure Conditions

10.21236/ada466881 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Dennis T. Burton ◽

Steven D. Turley

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Daphnia Magna ◽

Temperature Exposure ◽

Low Temperature Exposure ◽

Exposure Conditions

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USE OF CLINICAL EXPOSURE INDEX AND DEVIATION INDEX BASED ON NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC REFERENCE LEVEL AS DOSE-OPTIMIZATION TOOLS FOR GENERAL RADIOGRAPHY IN KOREA

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncaa185 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 191 (4) ◽

pp. 439-451

Author(s):

Hyemin Park ◽

Yongsu Yoon ◽

Jungmin Kim ◽

Jungsu Kim ◽

Hoiwoun Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Patient Dose ◽

Reference Level ◽

Dose Optimization ◽

International Electrotechnical Commission ◽

Exposure Index ◽

Clinical Exposure ◽

Deviation Index ◽

Clinical Environments ◽

Anterior Posterior ◽

Exposure Conditions

Abstract The International Electrotechnical Commission introduced the concepts of exposure index (EI), target exposure index (EIT) and deviation index (DI) to manage and optimize patient dose in real time. In this study, we have proposed an appropriate method for setting the EIT based on the Korean national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs). Furthermore, we evaluated the use of clinical EI, EIT and DI as tools for patient dose optimization in clinical environments by observing the changes in DI with those in EIT. According to the Korean national exposure conditions, we conducted experiments on three representative radiographic examinations (chest posterior–anterior, lateral and abdomen anterior–posterior) of clinical environments. As the exposure conditions and DRLs varied, the clinical EI, EIT and DI also varied. These results reveal that the clinical EI, EIT and DI can be used as tools for optimizing the patient dose if EIT is periodically and properly updated.

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