Hepatic Glycogen Concentration and Hexobarbital-Sleeping Time In Mice

1966 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Wooles ◽  
J. J. McPhillips
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Hexobarbital Sleeping Time

NEONATAL ISLET CELL TRANSPLANTATION IN THE DIABETIC RAT: EFFECT ON HEPATIC ENZYME ACTIVITY AND GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS

1977 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
YVONNE MANGNALL ◽  
ANNE SMYTHE ◽  
D. N. SLATER ◽  
GILLIAN R. MILNER ◽  
R. D. G. MILNER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Animal ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Islet Cell Transplantation ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Serum Immunoreactive Insulin

Intraperitoneal transplantation of collagenase-digested, isogeneic, neonatal rat pancreatic tissue successfully reversed streptozotocin-induced diabetes in 77% of recipients. The low serum immunoreactive insulin, hyperglycaemia, glycosuria and weight loss, characteristic of the diabetic animal, were corrected and the reduced activities of hepatic glucokinase and pyruvate kinase, and the low glycogen concentration of the liver of diabetic rats were restored to normal. Forty-three per cent of the successfully transplanted rats became normoglycaemic within 1 month of transplantation whereas 57% took from 1 to 6 months to achieve normoglycaemia and displayed a mild glucose intolerance when subjected to a glucose load. The rats which had not become normoglycaemic 6 months after transplantation showed some amelioration of the diabetic state, as shown by increased serum immunoreactive insulin and hepatic glycogen concentration and a slow weight gain compared with diabetic controls.

Some Effects of Prolonged Undernutrition on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Halmi ◽  
B. N. Spirtos
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Initial Level ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sugar Levels

A) Rats fed 10 gm of ground Rockland diet/day for 4–6 weeks and then fasted for 24 hours showed an enhanced insulin sensitivity as compared with ad libitum-fed rats that were fasted for the same length of time. The fasting blood sugar and liver glycogen concentrations were significantly higher in underfed animals. B) Underfed rats were fasted 24 hours, then fed 5 gm/ 100 gm body weight and tested 8 hours later. These rats exhibited a) no greater insulin sensitivity, b) lower blood sugar levels and c) a smaller rise in liver glycogen concentration than similarly treated ad libitum-fed animals. Intestinal absorption of glucose was not diminished in the undernourished rats. C) Cortisone treatment (0.5 mg/100 gm body wt/day for 5 days) abolished the insulin sensitivity of underfed rats without altering the hepatic glycogen concentration. Somatotrophin (0.5 mg Armour standard equivalent/100 gm body wt/day for 5 days) did not improve their insulin tolerance. After functional evisceration, the blood sugar fall (if expressed as percentage of the initial level) was significantly slower in underfed than in ad libitum-fed rats. However, the decline of the blood sugar level appeared to be more markedly enhanced by insulin in the underfed animals.

A Study of the Effect of Ovex on Parathion Toxicity in Rats

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 682-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. D. Black ◽  
A. E. Wade ◽  
R. B. Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Hexobarbital Sleeping Time ◽  
Organophosphate Toxicity ◽  
Naphthyl Acetate

Oral administration (100 mg/kg) of the miticide ovex (p-chlorophenyl p-chlorobenzene-sulfonate) caused a decrease in the hexobarbital sleeping time of rats. Administration of this same dosage of ovex resulted in a significant decrease in the toxicity of orally administered parathion (100 mg/kg) to rats.The changes in rats noted in conjunction with the increased resistance to organophosphate toxicity in vivo were an increased liver size, an increased rate of in vitro α-naphthyl acetate hydrolysis by the 9000 × g liver supernatant.The hexane-extractable organophosphate detected in the liver of the ovex-pretreated rats was significantly lower than the hexane extractable organophosphate found in the liver of the control rats.

Comparison of the pharmacological properties of pituitary and biosynthetic human growth hormone

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Damm Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth Hormone ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Pharmacological Test ◽  
Hexobarbital Sleeping Time

Abstract. Biosynthetic human growth hormone was compared with pituitary human growth hormone and pituitary 22 K in the weight gain and the tibia test. The three preparations were found to be equipotent. Furthermore, the growth hormones were compared in various pharmacological test systems. All three preparations were found to have a marked antidiuretic and antinatriuretic effect in the rat and to cause a significant shortening of the hexobarbital sleeping time in mice. Biosynthetic and pituitary preparations had the same diabetogenic activity in obese mice, and the growth hormones did not differ with respect to pharmacological profiles in the test systems applied.

Effects of glucagon with or without insulin administration on liver glycogen metabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (2) ◽  
pp. E231-E238 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ercan ◽  
M. C. Gannon ◽  
F. Q. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Insulin Administration ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin

Rats fed ad libitum were given insulin alone (4 U/kg), glucagon alone (25 micrograms/kg), or insulin and glucagon sequentially. Phosphorylase a and synthase R activities, hepatic glycogen, uridine diphosphoglucose, inorganic phosphate (Pi), and plasma glucose, lactate, glucagon, and insulin concentrations were determined over the subsequent 40 min. In separate animals, muscle extraction of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose also was determined. After glucagon administration, glycogen phosphorylase a and plasma glucose were increased within 5 min. However, the glycogen concentration did not decrease for 20 min. Glucagon administration to rats pretreated with insulin stimulated a similar increase in phosphorylase a activity. Again, glycogen was not degraded for 20 min. After insulin only, glycogen concentration remained unchanged. Plasma glucose decreased as expected. In each group, muscle extraction of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose increased compared with the controls (P < 0.05). In summary, glucagon and/or insulin administration did not stimulate significant glycogen degradation for 20 min, even though phosphorylase was activated. The mechanism remains to be determined.

Synthesis of some 6-alkylureido-4-aryl-2(1H)-pyridones: further transformations and pharmacological activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 797-807
Author(s):  
Lyubomir Dimitrov Raev ◽  
Ivo Christov Ivanov ◽  
Henri Angel Astroug ◽  
Wolfgang Frey ◽  
Silviya Georgieva Agontseva
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Acetyl Derivative ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Structure Determinations ◽  
Hexobarbital Sleeping Time ◽  
The Michael Addition ◽  
C Nmr

AbstractThe Michael addition of enaminoesters to coumarins (1) does not lead to the formation of simple adducts 3 but to the rearranged 4-aryl-2-pyridone 4a. Now, N-carbamoylation of the 6-amino-2-pyridone 4a with alkyl isocyanates and further transformation of the corresponding novel ureido-2-pyridone derivatives 6a–g into chromeno[3,4-c]pyridines 5d,g and O-acetyl derivatives 7a–g are reported. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by means of 1H/13C NMR, MS, IR spectra and elemental analysis. The structure of the ureide 6f and of the N-cyclohexyl-O-acetyl derivative 7g were additionally confirmed by crystal structure determinations. Acute toxicity after intraperitoneal administration, blood clotting time, analgesic activity and the effects on the hexobarbital sleeping time were tested on laboratory animals (compounds 4a, 6a, 6c, 6d and 6g).

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