Review on Genotyping of Mycobacterium Leprae in Tracking The Possible Route of Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (sp1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Route Of Transmission

scholarly journals Mycobacterium leprae deoxyribonucleic acid positivity on skin lesion of untreated leprosy patients and its route to the skin surface

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endi Novianto ◽  
Patricsia Manalu ◽  
Benny Effendi Wiryadi ◽  
Sri Linuwih Menaldi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesion ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Pilosebaceous Unit ◽  
Positive Proportion ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Multibacillary Leprosy

The route of transmission of leprosy is still unclear. Multiple opinions exist regarding the environmental dissemination of Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). This research aims to identify the positive proportion of M. leprae deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on skin lesion surface of untreated multibacillary leprosy patients by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and its association with the examination result of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in epidermis, pilosebaceous unit, and sweat glands. The M. leprae DNA sample was taken from smears of the skin lesion surface by using PCR and the skin biopsy test was done to detect AFB in epidermis, pilosebaceous unit, and sweat glands. From 28 subjects, there was 82.1% positive proportion of M. leprae DNA on the skin lesion surface of untreated multibacillary leprosy patients, where all were found in the lepromatous leprosy and borderline leprosy type. The result of AFB was positive in epidermis (71.4%), pilosebaceous unit (46.4%) and sweat glands (53.6%). We found M. leprae by using PCR technique on skin lesion surface of untreated multibacillary leprosy patients, and its route which most likely was through the epidermis.

GB Virus C/Hepatitis G Virus Isolates in Japanese Haemophiliacs and their Origins

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (08) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihide Fukuda ◽  
Tetsuo Hayakawa ◽  
Junki Takamatsu ◽  
Hidehiko Saito ◽  
Hiroaki Okamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
West African ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Gb Virus C ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Virus C ◽  
Virus Isolates

SummaryJapanese haemophiliacs have been at high risk for infection with parenterally-transmissible viruses through the use of blood products, especially imported ones. Recently, novel transfusion-transmissible virus, GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) were isolated. We investigated the origin and route of transmission of GBV-C/HGV isolates in haemophiliacs in Japan. GBV-C/HGV RNA was measured by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 91 Japanese haemophiliacs. Phylogenetic analysis and genotypic grouping of GBV-C/HGV isolates in Japanese haemophiliacs were performed based on sequences in the 5’ untranslated region, and the characteristics were compared with those of reported isolates. GBV-C/HGV infection was present in 19 of 91 haemophiliacs (20.9%). Sequence analysis showed that 15 of the 19 isolates (78.9%) showed sequence similarity to a group in which mainly West African isolates have been reported. The other 4 isolates (21.1%) showed sequence similarity to Asian isolates. None of the GBV-C/HGV isolates showed sequences similar to those generally found in isolates from USA and Europe. The majority of GBV-C/HGV isolates found in Japanese haemophiliacs who are considered to have been infected by imported blood products were similar to those detected in West Africa.

Abordagem podológica nas complicações podais dos pacientes hansenianos

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Vitória Carolina Da Silva Moreira ◽  
Simone Alves Nogueira ◽  
Raquel Cristina Da Silva Freitas ◽  
Christiana Vargas Ribeiro ◽  
Maxsandra Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Leprae

A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa, causada pela bactéria Mycobacterium leprae, com importância em saúde pública por gerar incapacidades motoras e sensitivas ao indivíduo acometido, necessitando de intervenção multidisciplinar. Datada de 4.300 a.C., é diagnosticada através de exame dermato neurológico e tratada de acordo com as formas apresentadas, utilizando protocolos recomendados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Em virtude do comprometimento gerado, este estudo tem como objetivo estabelecer alternativas terapêuticas podológicas atualizadas que favoreçam a reinserção do paciente hanseniano na sociedade e de políticas públicas de saúde na prevenção de suas complicações. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica qualitativa com diversas bases de dados e sites oficiais. A atenção podológica no atendimento ao paciente hanseniano, após a avaliação clínica e a realização de testes neuropáticos é fundamental para a redução dos riscos de amputação, bem como o tratamento adequado das lesões. No entanto, mesmo diante dos diversos avanços nas terapias utilizadas, a erradicação da doença ainda não foi possível, sendo necessário um acompanhamento multidisciplinar, com destaque para a podologia, objetivando a promoção de melhora no quadro clínico dos acometidos.

Recent Advancement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Leprosy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 1550-1558
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aamir ◽  
Asma Sadaf ◽  
Sehroon Khan ◽  
Shagufta Perveen ◽  
Afsar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Vitamin D Receptors ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Leprosy Patients ◽  
Skin Biopsies

Background: Many of the tropical diseases are neglected by the researchers and medicinal companies due to lack of profit and other interests. The Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi) is established to overcome the problems associated with these neglected diseases. According to a report published by the WHO, leprosy (Hansen's disease) is also a neglected infectious disease. Methods: A negligible amount of advancements has been made in last few decades which includes the tools of diagnosis, causes, treatment, and genetic studies of the bacterium (Mycobacterium leprae) that causes leprosy. The diagnosis of leprosy at earlier stages is important for its effective treatment. Recent studies on vitamin D and its receptors make leprosy diagnosis easier at earlier stages. Skin biopsies and qPCR are the other tools to identify the disease at its initial stages. Results: Until now a specific drug for the treatment of leprosy is not available, therefore, Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) is used, which is hazardous to health. Besides Mycobacterium leprae, recently a new bacterium Mycobacterium lepromatosis was also identified as a cause of leprosy. During the last few years the genetic studies of Mycobacterium leprae, the role of vitamin D and vitamin D receptors (VDR), and the skin biopsies made the treatment and diagnosis of leprosy easier at early stages. The studies of micro RNAs (miRNAs) made it easy to differentiate leprosy from other diseases especially from tuberculosis. Conclusion: Leprosy can be distinguished from sarcoidosis by quantitative study of reticulin fibers present in skin. The treatment used until now for leprosy is multi-drug treatment. The complete genome identification of Mycobacterium leprae makes the research easy to develop target specified drugs for leprosy. Rifampicin, identified as a potent drug, along with other drugs in uniform multi-drug treatment, has a significant effect when given to leprosy patients at initial stages. These are effective treatments but a specific drug for leprosy is still needed to be identified. The current review highlights the use of modern methods for the identification of leprosy at its earlier stages and the effective use of drugs alone as well as in combination.

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