Second-Generation Platelet Concentrates (PRFs): Estimation of Cellular Content

We performed a study to evaluate the amount of Platelets and Leukocytes in a second-generation solid platelet concentrates in terms of Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (VP+), Negative Predictive Value (VP-), False Negative Proportion, and False Positive Proportion of our Statistical Method. Blood was collected in anticoagulant-free PET tubes with silica for clot production and PRF membranes. The membranes and clots produced were examined. In a previous work, the authors, starting from the results obtained in Kitamura's work, wanted to elaborate a simpler and inexpensive system to calculate the exact amount of platelets and leukocytes contained in PRF, compared to the one present in whole blood, starting from a simple "haemochromocytometric examination". In this study, the authors have evaluated the Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (VP+), Negative Predictive Value (VP-), False Negative Proportion, and False Positive Proportion of the "Statistical Method". Using the Statistical Method, we have that by reducing by 34.12% (±28.2) the value of leukocytes obtained from the CBC examination. We obtained the value of leukocytes contained in the PRF membrane by t-PA digestion and by reducing by 15.12% (±24.87) the value of platelets obtained by the same method, we obtained the value contained in solid platelet concentrates by t-PA digestion. The method thus proposed demonstrated a Se=0.75; Sp=0.86; VP+=0.75; VP-=0.86 for platelet counts, Se=0.47; Sp=0.66; VP+=0.80; VP-=0.30 for leukocyte counts. Conclusion: Our study sought to standardize the PRF preparation procedure by validating a statistical system to calculate the exact amount of platelets and leukocytes in second-generation solid platelet concentrates, making it easy to evaluate individual PRF arrays on time in the clinical setting. The Statistical method compared to the digestive method with t-PA for leukocyte and platelet counts demonstrated equal validity for platelets, but not so for leukocytes.

Distribution characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in false-positive results detected by Chemiluminescent immunoassay

There have been several false-positive results in the antibody detection of the COVID-19. This study aims to analyze the distribution characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in false-positive results detected using chemiluminescent immunoassay. The characteristics of the false-positive results in SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG testing were retrospectively analyzed. The dynamic changes in the results of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies were observed. The false-positive proportion of the single SARS-CoV-2 IgM positive results was 95.88%, which was significantly higher than those of the single SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive results (67.50%) (P < 0.001) and SARS-CoV-2 IgM & IgG positive results (29.55%) (P < 0.001). The S/CO of the SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG in false-positive results ranged from 1.0 to 50.0. The false-positive probability of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in the S/CO range (1.0 ~ 3.0) was 91.73% (77/84), and the probability of false-positive of SARS-CoV-2 IgG in the S/CO range (1.0 ~ 2.0) was 85.71% (24/28). Dynamic monitoring showed that the S/CO values of IgM in false-positive results decreased or remained unchanged, whereas the S/CO values of IgG in false-positive results only decreased. The possibility of false-positive of the single SARS-CoV-2 IgM positive and single SARS-CoV-2 IgG positive results was high. As the value of S/CO decreased, the probability of false-positive consequently increased, especially among the single SARS-CoV-2 IgM positive results.

Oral Mucosa Could Be an Infectious Target of SARS-CoV-2

The World Health Organization reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is caused by respiratory droplets and aerosols from the oral cavity of infected patients. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is considered the host functional protein for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this article, we first revealed that the positive proportion of ACE2 expression in gingival cells collected from the gingival sulcus was increased to the same level as the tongue. Our data demonstrate that cells in the gingival sulcus may be a new entry point for the SARS-CoV-2 virus via a high expression of ACE2. In addition, we first evaluated the expression of ACE2 in various sites of the oral cavity with noninvasive, convenient liquid-based cytology. The liquid-based cytology evaluation of oral tissue may provide a novel preventive medical avenue against COVID-19.

Impact of DNA double-strand breaks on pancreaticobiliary maljunction carcinogenesis

Background Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation due to refluxed pancreatic juice into the biliary tract that is associated with an elevated risk of biliary tract cancer. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered the most serious form of DNA damage. DSBs are provoked by inflammatory cell damage and are recognized as an important oncogenic event in several cancers. This study used γ-H2AX, an established marker of DSB formation, to evaluate the impact of DNA damage on carcinogenesis in PBM. Methods We investigated γ-H2AX expression immunohistochemically in gallbladder epithelium samples obtained from 71 PBM cases and 19 control cases. Results Fourteen PBM cases with gallbladder adenocarcinoma were evaluated at non-neoplastic regions. A wide range of nuclear γ-H2AX staining was detected in all PBM and control specimens. γ-H2AX expression was significantly higher in PBM cases versus controls (median γ-H2AX-positive proportion: 14.4 % vs. 4.4 %, p = 0.001). Among the PBM cases, γ-H2AX expression was significantly higher in patients with carcinoma than in those without (median γ-H2AX-positive proportion: 21.4 % vs. 11.0 %, p = 0.031). Conclusions DSBs occurred significantly more abundantly in the PBM gallbladder mucosa, especially in the context of cancer, indicating an involvement in PBM-related carcinogenesis.

A positive proportion of locally soluble quartic Thue equations are globally insoluble

For any fixed nonzero integer h, we show that a positive proportion of integral binary quartic forms F do locally everywhere represent h, but do not globally represent h. We order classes of integral binary quartic forms by the two generators of their ring of ${\rm GL}_{2}({\mathbb Z})$ -invariants, classically denoted by I and J.

Large families of elliptic curves ordered by conductor

In this paper we study the family of elliptic curves $E/{{\mathbb {Q}}}$ , having good reduction at $2$ and $3$ , and whose $j$ -invariants are small. Within this set of elliptic curves, we consider the following two subfamilies: first, the set of elliptic curves $E$ such that the quotient $\Delta (E)/C(E)$ of the discriminant divided by the conductor is squarefree; and second, the set of elliptic curves $E$ such that the Szpiro quotient $\beta _E:=\log |\Delta (E)|/\log (C(E))$ is less than $7/4$ . Both these families are conjectured to contain a positive proportion of elliptic curves, when ordered by conductor. Our main results determine asymptotics for both these families, when ordered by conductor. Moreover, we prove that the average size of the $2$ -Selmer groups of elliptic curves in the first family, again when these curves are ordered by their conductors, is $3$ . The key new ingredients necessary for the proofs are ‘uniformity estimates’, namely upper bounds on the number of elliptic curves with bounded height, whose discriminants are divisible by high powers of primes.

Thue equations that simultaneously fail the Hasse principle

We refine a previous construction by Akhtari and Bhargava so that, for every positive integer m, we obtain a positive proportion of Thue equations F(x, y) = h that fail the integral Hasse principle simultaneously for every positive integer h less than m. The binary forms F have fixed degree ≥ 3 and are ordered by the absolute value of the maximum of the coefficients.

Relevansi Konsepsi Rahmatan Lil Alamin dengan Keragaman Umat Beragama

The impression of western world to the eastern has not shown a positive proportion. It always considers the latter as a minor. It is more so after the incident of WTC 9 September 2001. The eastern or as an assertive known as a terrorist, unhuman, and far from humane proportion. While in Islam itself, there is rahmatan li al-‘alamin. These things make the researcher interested in examining deeper what it means to be a rahmatan li al-‘alamin in Koran as a source of that word. Apart from the phrase rahmatan li al-‘alamin, a rahmat word is not connected to the li al-‘alamin word (universe) in the Koran. What also precisely is the difference between grace (rahmat) and rahmatan li al-‘alamin. Indonesia is a plural nation. That is not only ethnic, language, and custom tradition, but also religion. How is the relationship between faith in diversity frame? Is there relevance of li al-‘alamin in the diversity frame of religious people? Some questions need to search for answer in various reverence. The nation's founders have been proud not to obtrude by doing sharia for the adherents is a space for tolerance and religious people.

The Association Between ABO-Rh Blood Groups and the Risk of COVID-19 Infection

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as an alarming attack broke out in China and spread rapidly worldwide. Objectives: Based on a theory indicating the correlation between some viral diseases and blood types, we investigated the relationship between blood groups and coronavirus infection risk in Guilan Province, Iran. Methods: Retrospectively, all the files of the admitted patients with suspected COVID-19, in peak conditions of the disease between March 1 and May 30, 2020, were reviewed using the Census method. The required data, including epidemiological and clinical information and outcomes, were obtained from electronic records. Results: A total of 249 cases were analyzed, of whom 109 were collected from governmental centers, and the rest were collected from private hospitals. The most common co-morbidity was diabetes with 71 (37.6%) cases and the main symptom at the admission time was dyspnea with 170 (24.5%) cases. Of the total patients, 155 (62.2%) were discharged, and the rest died. The most common blood group among our patients was O Rh-positive with 91 (36.5%) cases. No meaningful correlation was found between outcomes and blood groups in terms of ABO types (P = 0.89) or Rh factor (P = 0.456). The Rh-positive proportion was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cases than in the general population (P = 0.038). Conclusions: We found that the Rh-positive proportion was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cases than in the healthy individuals. However, no correlation was observed between the groups regarding ABO typing.

Impact of DNA Double-Strand Breaks on Pancreaticobiliary Maljunction Carcinogenesis

Background: Pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM) is a condition characterized by chronic inflammation due to refluxed pancreatic juice into the biliary tract that is associated with an elevated risk of biliary tract cancer. DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are considered the most serious form of DNA damage. DSBs are provoked by inflammatory cell damage and are recognized as an important oncogenic event in several cancers. This study used γ-H2AX, an established marker of DSB formation, to evaluate the impact of DNA damage on carcinogenesis in PBM. Methods: We investigated γ-H2AX expression immunohistochemically in gallbladder epithelium samples obtained from 71 PBM cases and 19 control cases. Results: Fourteen PBM cases with gallbladder adenocarcinoma were evaluated at non-neoplastic regions. A wide range of nuclear γ-H2AX staining was detected in all PBM and control specimens. γ-H2AX expression was significantly higher in PBM cases versus controls (median γ-H2AX-positive proportion: 14.4% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.001). Among the PBM cases, γ-H2AX expression was significantly higher in patients with carcinoma than in those without (median γ-H2AX-positive proportion: 21.4% vs. 11.0%, p = 0.031). Conclusion: DSBs occurred significantly more abundantly in the PBM gallbladder mucosa, especially in the context of cancer, indicating an involvement in PBM-related carcinogenesis.