The Habsburg Empire at the Liberalization Stage: The Progress of Civil Society

2017 ◽  
pp. 222-228
Author(s):  
Zinaida Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Habsburg Empire ◽  
Ethnic Nationalism ◽  
Functional Correlation ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Movements ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Acute Crisis

In the article the author determines the formation of a functional correlation between the institutions of civil society and ethnic nationalism in Austria-Hungary. It is established that civil society in the Austro-Hungarian Empire began to form clearly after the democratic reforms of the sixties of the XIX century. It is proved that civil society has undergone stratification in various national and linguistic spaces in the form of educational, scientific, economic, and creative organizations. Civil society on the periphery of the empire has acquired a stable ethno-cultural character.The findings indicate that the acute crisis of identity in Austro-Hungary developed on the basis of two actively functioning sources: the old conflict environment of local historical and state identities and new formations that arose as a result of the cultural and political expansion of ethnic groups belonging to nations that were treated as young and stateless. The problems of economic, social, mental autonomy and cultural coexistence could not receive an authentic representation only in terms of administrative and political decentralization or integration, since in each national-ethnic event they had a spiritual and cultural content and socio-humanitarian content. In the early twentieth century. in Austria-Hungary there was a situation of unstable equilibrium of the composite society, which was characterized by the asynchrony of historical development.The ethnic factor played a dissonant role in the social life of Austria-Hungary. Most ethno-national groups were in different segments of the formation of political nations, in different socio-cultural contexts, which led to difficulties in the formation of classical institutions of civil societies and its formation as homogeneous. The period of modernization of the Austrian empire proved that liberalism and nationalism are historically linked precisely with the principle of people's sovereignty. Keywords: Austro-Hungarian Empire, multiethnicity, liberalization, civil society, national movements

scholarly journals The Activities of Fr Friedrich Muckermann in 1918–1919 in Vilnius: A Significant Application Towards a Civil Society? (The Phenomenon of the Christian Workers League)

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-103
Author(s):  
Edmundas Gimžauskas
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Social Category ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Movements ◽  
General Operation ◽  
Significant Application

The activities of the German priest Friedrich Muckermann in Vilnius would belong to those cases when an extraordinary personality influenced crucially the development of the public process, by rallying an abundant crowd of followers. The assumptions of the social activities initiated by this Jesuit priest consisted of the transformation of the Catholic Church at the beginning of the 20th century from a confessional to a social category, and the conditioned general operation of the latter phenomenon. At the turn of 1918–1919 in Vilnius, due to the efforts of Muckermann, the League of Christian Workers appeared and gained more and more popularity in lower social strata. This seriously worried the Bolshevik government. Activists of the national movements conflicting with each other, in turn, understanding the prospects for the cultural-social consolidation begun by the priest to become political, naturally sought to influence the League. The arrest of Muckermann by the Bolsheviks not only encouraged a shift by the League to the Polish side, but also changed the nature of the organisation in the direction of radical action. Members of the League contributed actively to the capture of Vilnius by the Polish army in April 1919. And from that time, the organisation can be considered to be Polish, which in no way could be said about the League run by Muckermann. Leaving Bolshevik captivity at the end of 1919 in an exceptional way, he became not only a famous Catholic activist in interwar Germany, but also a symbol of the Christian resistance to Nazism.

scholarly journals Philosophy of the social policy in German conservatism of the XIX century

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Vadim A. Podolskiy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Public Activity ◽  
Corporate Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xix Century

The article describes the attitude of the German conservative thinkers of the XIX century towards social policy. Works by Carl von Haller, Adam Muller, Wilhelm von Ketteler and Carl von Vogelsang are studied, the philosophic background of their views, and the im­pact of their arguments for the intellectual history of Germany. Their conservative cri­tique of capitalism and socialism is studied. The paper also analyzes the conception of “sustainable development” understood as an approach towards economy that is focused not on the increase of production, but on maintenance of acceptable level of welfare. The article presents ideas of corporate organization of society that can restore the har­mony of medieval social, political and economical relations. The ideology of aristocratic paternalism is explored together with its philosophical and religious foundations as well as its focus on the preservation of social peace and its concern about the needs of the pop­ulation. The article presents the claims of the conservative thinkers on the value of the nonmaterial components of the social life, which serve as the foundation for social policy, namely respect towards tradition, responsibility, service, trust, justice, frugality, religios­ity. The emergence of the German conservatism is explored in relation to Russian politi­cal philosophy. The article shows that the scientific and public activity of the German conservatives led to the introduction of social laws in Germany and Austria.

scholarly journals POLEMIC AROUND A. I. HERZEN IN THE CULTURAL LIFE OF THE 1860-S (BASED ON RUSSIAN JOURNALISM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-152
Author(s):  
Dingyi Tang ◽  
◽  
Anna A. Fedotova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Xix Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of the turning point in the perception of late activity of A.I. Herzen by Russian society. The authors note that the sixties of the XIX century are naturally considered the time of decisive changes in the life of Russian society, and in Russian culture their sign was the progressive separation of literary forces according to the ideological principle. The article considers the acute controversy that happened in the cultural life of the 1860s between the London publicist, publications of M. N. Katkov (“Modern Chronicle”, “Russian Herald”) and the newspaper of P. S. Usov “Severnaya pchela." An ideological-free analysis of key articles written during the controversy (“Letter to Katkov and Leontiev”, “Young and Old Russia”, “Journalists and Terrorists” by A. I. Herzen, “Our Foreign réfugiés”, “Note for the publisher of “Kolokol” M. N. Katkov, the forerunner of “Severnaya pchela”, which today are convincingly attributed as belonging to N. S. Leskov), allows you to identify important differences in the socio-cultural positions of representatives of the “conservative” bodies of the domestic press and draw conclusions about copyright strategies for creating journalistic statements. The article draws conclusions about the influence of this controversy on the social and literary fate of writers, it is noted that the controversy with Katkov anticipated a sharp cooling to Herzen of Russian society in the following 1863, when, after the publisher of “Kolokol” supported the Polish uprising, the newspaper's circulation fell sharply to 500 copies, equally significant was the controversy of 1862 for Leskov, whose only beginning literary path almost came to an end as a result of harassment by the “progressive” press, and in the mind of the writer, the name Herzen began to be forever associated with the St. Petersburg fires, the imposing frivolity of revolutionary agitators and the sacrificed lives of young fanatics, which was reflected not only in the subsequent “Herzen” essays of Leskov, but also in his artistic prose. In this regard observations on Leskov's articles are especially relevant, the originality of the early journalism of which still remains a little-studied phenomenon of Russian culture.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

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