Meteorologischer und phänologischer Jahresrückblick 2008 | Meteorological and phenological annual review for 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 124-128
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
New Records ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Height Dependence ◽  
Cold Snap ◽  
Phenological Phases

Although the year 2008 in Switzerland belongs to the ten to twelve warmest years since the beginning of measurements, the effects on the development of the vegetation were not very striking. An extreme excess of heat was never registered except in the winter months and in May. The mild winter simply had an effect on the flowering of the hazel, occurring early to very early. Besides this, most of the phenological spring phases were observed at the normal point of time. However, at some observation stations, a small number of phenological phases showed a completely unusual date of occurrence. These were observed very late or even extremely late (new records). Because of the fact that this phenomenon was not only observed at one single phenological phase, showing no spatial pattern and no height dependence, no explanation was found for this extraordinary behavior of these plants. This clearly reflects, despite intensive research on phenology during the last years, that many natural processes are until now not or not yet understood by man. According to the changing weather, the development of the vegetation showed neither a consistent nor an outstanding pattern in the summer. However, the early leaf-fall of the beech was quite striking, caused by the cold snap at the beginning of October. The year 2008 can be considered as a normal phenological year, except the early flowering of the hazel, the inexplicable records (late observations) and the early leaf-fall of the beech.

Meteorologischer und phänologischer Jahresrückblick 2007 | Meteorological and phenological annual review for 2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
New Records ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Leaf Colouring

The year 2007 was stamped with the warmest winter (2006/07) and spring ever recorded since the beginning of measurements in 1864. The vegetation did strongly react to that situation. In the phenological year 2007, 21.3% of the dates of phenological observations were registered as new records, i.e. they were never recorded so early before at that location. This extremely early development of the vegetation could be observed above all in spring and even stronger in summer. The absolute record has been observed when the black elder flowered with 64.5% record-breaking dates. The phenological autumn was not so extreme. However, a strong tendency toward early leaf colouring and leaf fall could be registered. The phenological year 2007 is unique in the history of phenological observations made by Meteo Swiss, which started in 1951.

Meteorologischer und phänologischer Jahresrückblick 2009 | Meteorological and phenological annual review for 2009

2010 ◽  
Vol 161 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
New Record ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
Leaf Colouring ◽  
Phenological Phases

In 2009, average temperatures above the norm, and in particular the extremely warm months of April, May and August, significantly influenced the development of vegetation in Switzerland. In contrast, the drought that prevailed temporarily did not influence this development. The growing season began in normal time or slightly delayed with hazel flowering in March. Few weeks later, at the time of the last spring phenological phases, vegetation was early, in particular the beech leaf unfolding. A warm April and unusually high temperatures in May are responsible for this turnaround. The early arrival of phenological summer was truly exceptional, with some new record dates. Thus, in summer 2009, due to the heat in May and August, an advance of vegetation development of two to three weeks compared to the standard was temporarily observed. Unlike most previous years, the fall of 2009 showed a clear trend to the late occurrence of autumnal phenological phases that are leaf colouring and leaf fall.

scholarly journals Phenology of common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) along the altitudinal gradient in Slovakia (Inner Western Carpathians)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Schieber ◽  
R. Janík ◽  
Z. Snopková
Keyword(s):  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Common Beech ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Phenological Phases

The onset and course of selected vegetative phenological phases of beech along the altitudinal gradient in Slovak Republic were studied. Observations were done in the Burda Mts. (200–300 m a.s.l.), Kremnické vrchy Mts. (500 m a.s.l.) and in the Poľana Mts. (900–1,000 m a.s.l., 1,200–1,400 m a.s.l.). Selected spring phenological phases (budburst and leaf unfolding) as well as autumn phenological phases (autumn colouring and leaf fall) were investigated over the period of 5 years (2007–2011). The earliest onset of spring phenological phases during the period of study was found at the lowest-lying sites in the Burda Mts. By contrast, the latest one was observed at the uppermost site in the Poľana Mts. The dynamics of autumn phenological phases had the opposite course compared to spring phenophases. The earliest onset, observed in the uppermost locality in the Poľana Mts., was gradually delayed with decreasing altitude. The phenological gradient, expressing a shift in the onset of spring phenophases along the gradient, reached the mean values of 2.83–3.00 days per 100 m of an increase in altitude. In the case of autumn phenological phases the gradient ranged from –1.00 to –1.78 days per 100 m. On average, the growing season of beech lasted from 128 to 181 days along the altitudinal gradient. Significant correlations (P < 0.001) were calculated between the date of the onset of phenophases and altitude.   

scholarly journals Freshwater red algae in Finland

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pertti Eloranta
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
New Records ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Intensive Research ◽  
Ecological Variables ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Freshwater Red Algae ◽  
Made In

AbstractThere were only less than sixty records of freshwater red algae in Finland until the 1980s, when the author began sampling the running waters of southern and central Finland; 516 new records were made in 1984–2011. More intensive research began in 2012, with a few field teams working at first in Central Finland Province and then covering the whole country. The project continued until 2018. During these studies approximately 3400 new locations were investigated and 3641 new records of 29 taxa were made. Since 2013, 12 ecological variables have also been measured or estimated. The share of positive records from the studied locations varied from 49% to 86% (avg. 72%), being highest in Lapland (85.5%). The most frequent taxa were Batrachospermum gelatinosum (36.5%), Audouinella hermannii (14.5%), Sheathia arcuata (9.3%), Sirodotia suecica (8.4%), Audouinella chalybea (4.7%), Lemanea fluviatilis (3.8%) and Lemanea fucina (2.8%). Batrachospermum elegans, Kumanoa virgatodecaisneana and Lemanea mamillosa occurred in southwestern Finland in waters with higher conductivity, whereas Batrachospermum turfosum and Virescentia vogesiaca were typical taxa of acidic and soft water. Batrachospermum sporulans and Lemanea condensata occurred only in northern Finland. Some records did not fit the recent morphological keys and should be analysed using molecular methods.

Meteorologischer und phänologischer Jahresrückblick 2006 | Meteorological and phenological annual review for 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 158 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-115
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Cold Winter ◽  
Chestnut Tree ◽  
Initial Delay

The year 2006 was characterised by a cold winter in 2005/2006 and by high temperatures during the summer and autumn of that year. Among others, these characteristics had an effect on the development of vegetation,as the beginning of the vegetation period was very late. Only the warm temperatures during April and May could make up the initial delay of the vegetation period and the high temperatures during June and July (the hottest July on record) led to the phenological summer phases beginning on time. Temperatures were also extremely high during the autumn. This may have been the reason why the phenological autumn phases, such as the leaf fall of beech, were observed relatively late. The repeated flowering and greening of the chestnut tree in Geneva can be described as a unique phenomenon.

Introduction of a Protected Species Hungarian Lilac (Syringa josikaea Jacg.) in the South Ural

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Natalya V. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
The South ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Phenological Phases

The results of a long-term introduction study of Hungarian lilac, an endemic of the Carpathians and Transylvania, cultivated in the South Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of the UFIC RAS, are presented. The study used phenological data from 2005-2020. The beginning of the growing season for Hungarian lilacs falls on the period from April 14 to 30, flowering is observed annually in late May and early June. The duration of flowering over the last 5 years (2015-2020) averaged 16 days, which is 6 days shorter than the flowering period of this type of lilac in 2005-2009. The likely reason for the shortened flowering period is climate change. Complete lignification of the shoots of Hungarian lilac occurs in the second half of July. In Ufa, Hungarian lilacs have fruiting (seeds begin to ripen from September 18 to 27), as well as the presence of self-seeding. The beginning of leaf fall (the end of the growing season) coincides in timing with the beginning of seed ripening. All phenological phases of Hungarian lilac retain their sequence every year. Winter hardiness is usually I point (plants are absolutely winter hardy). The phenological atypicality index is -0.250 or 4 points according to Zaitsev, which means that the phenology of the species is fully consistent with the climatic conditions of Ufa. Thus, the introduction of Hungarian lilac in the South Ural can be characterized as successful and promising.

scholarly journals Phenology of Aloysia hatschbachii cultivated in a subtropical region

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e40
Author(s):  
Guilherme Masarro Araujo ◽  
Braulio Otomar Caron ◽  
Axel Bruno Mariotto ◽  
João Antonio de Cristo ◽  
Ricardo Bauer Pilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Leaf Fall ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Subtropical Region ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Essential Oil Production ◽  
Phenological Phases

Aloysia hatschbachii is an endangered species that occurs endemically in Paraná and has potential for essential oil production. Expanding research on threatened species could serve as a tool to ensure their conservation, management and reproduction. In this study, we sought to evaluate phenological phases (phenophases) for species Aloysia hatschbachii in the years 2018 and 2019 by conducting monthly checks of a plant population consisting of 5 individuals, identifying the phenological events  of budding, mature leaves, flowering, fruiting, leaf senescence and leaf fall, using the percent index of intensity as well as the index of activity in the sampled individuals regarding the occurrence of such phenomena, and then correlating phenological data with meteorological variables. The phenological phases showed synchrony in activity throughout most of the assessed period, but were not always synchronous in intensity. Budding occurred between July and April, and mature leaves were present all year round. The patterns of leaf senescence and leaf fall revealed that the species has nondeciduous characteristics. These phenophases were influenced by relative air humidity. Flowering occurred between November and April, while fruiting lasted from December to May, with the reproductive stage being influenced by air temperature and by incident solar radiation.

scholarly journals Meteorologischer und phänologischer Jahresrückblick 2010 | Meteorological and phenological annual review for 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (5) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Claudio Defila
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Phenological Phases

In 2010, the temperatures were slightly above the norm; the consequence was an average phenological year. The spring however started late at the time of hazel flowering, because of the low temperatures registered until mid-March. The following spring phenological phases were observed on average dates. The needles of the spruce showed a tendency towards late development. The phenological summer 2010 can be considered as normal or slightly early. During summer, the temperatures were sometimes above the norm. As it is frequently observed, the phenological autumn was inhomogeneous: the phases were either early or late, depending on the station.

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