scholarly journals Glycemic Index and Load Responses of Indigenous Vegetable Sauces Among Healthy Young Female Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy Amadi ◽  
Chinagorom Asinobi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
White Bread ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Test Food ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose

AbstractBackground: Diet-related chronic disease especially diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVDs), obesity, hypertension and cancers is a major public health problem in Nigeria. The use of locally made foods has been advocated for in the management of diabetes mellitus in recent times.Methods: The recipe for the test food was developed and standardized. Proximate and dietary fibre analysis was carried out on the test food (okra, African spinach and lettuce sauces) and reference food (white bread). Thirty-six non-diabetic undergraduate students of Imo State University, Nigeria were selected after diabetes screening using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), glycated hemoglobin, anthropometric indices, blood pressure and other exclusion criteria. Subjects consumed a serving portion of vegetable sauce containing 25g of digestible carbohydrate. Postprandial plasma glucose was measured at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The glycemic index and load was calculated per serving. Results were expressed in means, standard deviation and percentages. ANOVA was used in comparing the means while turkey test was used in separating the means using Statistical product for service solution (SPSS) version 22.0. The decision criteria was set at p<0.05.Results: Moisture content ranged from 64.10±0.57% (okra sauce) to 64.62±0.66% (lettuce sauce) did not differ significantly (p<0.05). Fat, fibre, and ash content higher in lettuce sauce 3.40± 0.24%, 1.69±0.1%2, and 4.40±0.24% respectively, carbohydrate was higher in African spinach (15.07±0.77%) while dietary fibre (3.26±0.01%), protein (15.15±0.09%) and energy (136.62±2.24 kcal) was higher in okra sauce. Sauces were not significantly different. White bread shows that  moisture content was 17.62, fat 1.53%, protein 14.86%, ash 6.90%, carbohydrate 58.88%, energy 308.66kcal and dietary fibre 0.33.The anthropometric indices show that BMI of the subjects ranged from 23.12kg/m2 in African spinach sauce subjectsto 23.53kg/m2 (okra sauce subjects). WHR was highest in lettuce sauce subjects (0.84). All the subjects that participated were all females. HbA1C was higher in okra sauce (5.23%) group subjects. Systolic blood pressure was 119.08mmHg (African Spinach sauce subjects) while diastolic blood pressure was highest in lettuce sauce subjects (85.68mmHg). Pulse rate (85.17) was highest in okra sauce subject. The IUAC for the white bread was significantly (p<0.05) higher in all the subjects compared to the vegetable sauces with a high glycemic index and load of 93.25 and 54.91 respectively. African spinach sauce had a lower postprandial plasma glucose peak of 88.00mg/dl at 60 minutes compared to okra and lettuce sauces. All the vegetable sauces had a low glycemic index of 17.02 (okra sauce), 14.05 (African spinach) and 36.76 (lettuce) and low glycemic load was 0.75, 0.38 and 3.80 for okra, African spinach and lettuce sauces respectively.Conclusion: All the vegetable sauces studied should be used while planning meal for the diabetic patients.Keywords: vegetable sauces, glycemic response, healthy adults 

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SITAGLIPTIN ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND BEYOND - IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Ramya Ravichandar ◽  
Aravind Anapathoor Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the pleiotropic effects of Sitagliptin as add-on therapy to the conventional antidiabetic drugs.Methods: This was designed as a prospective study. 140 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) whose glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was >7% despite receiving education on diet and exercise and/or medications were enrolled in this study. Sitagliptin (100 mg) was administered once a day orally for 6 months as an add-on therapy with the conventional antidiabetic drugs. The outcome of the therapy was assessed on the level of improvement in the fasting plasma glucose, postprandial plasma glucose, HbA1c levels, lipid profile, body mass index, blood pressure, and albuminuria in the third and 6th month when compared to the first visit.Results: After 6 months of treatment with Sitagliptin, fasting blood glucose levels significantly reduced (202.6±49.21 to 186.1±50.14, p=0.029) as well as HbA1c (9.5±1.27 to 9.1±1.28, p=0.016). There was a statistically significant (p<0.001) reduction of blood pressure, cholesterol, and urinary albumin-creatinine ratio progressively.Conclusion: Sitagliptin has a significant effect on lipid profile, blood pressure and albuminuria in addition to its effect on blood glucose profile and HbA1c without many side effects, in patients with T2DM.

scholarly journals Association of serum creatinine levels and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Korea: a case control study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Do Kyeong Song ◽  
Young Sun Hong ◽  
Yeon-Ah Sung ◽  
Hyejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background Reduced skeletal muscle has been suggested as a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Serum creatinine is the primary metabolite of creatine in skeletal muscle. Therefore, low serum creatinine levels may be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. We aimed to evaluate the association between serum creatinine levels and the risk of T2DM in Korea. Methods We analyzed a total of 264,832 nondiabetic adults older than 40 years of age who had undergone a national health examination at least once from 2009 to 2015 in the Korean National Health Insurance Service Cohort. Hazard ratios for T2DM were calculated. Results In men, serum creatinine levels and the risk for T2DM showed an inverse J-shaped association. This association was confirmed after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and fasting plasma glucose. In women, there was a trend that serum creatinine levels were inversely associated with the risk of T2DM among those with serum creatinine below 1.1 mg/dl. However, serum creatinine levels were not significantly associated with the risk of T2DM after adjustment for age, BMI, SBP, DBP, and fasting plasma glucose. Conclusions Reduced levels of serum creatinine were significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM in men with creatinine below 1.20 mg/dl. There was a trend that decreased levels of serum creatinine were associated with an increased risk of T2DM among women with serum creatinine below 1.1 mg/dl, although this result was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals MON-LB043 A Case of Renovascular Hypertension With Cortisol-Producing Adrenal Masses

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Higashitani ◽  
Daisuke Aono ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kometani ◽  
Shigehiro Karashima ◽  
Masashi Demura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Artery ◽  
Renovascular Hypertension ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Left Renal Artery ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Computed Tomography Scanning ◽  
Old Japanese ◽  
Adrenal Masses

Abstract Renovascular hypertension (RVHT) is an important and potentially treatable form of resistant hypertension. Hypercortisolemia could also cause hypertension and diabetes mellitus. We experienced a case wherein adrenalectomy markedly improved blood pressure and plasma glucose levels in a patient with RVHT and subclinical Cushing’s syndrome. A 62-year-old Japanese man had been treated for hypertension and diabetes mellitus for 10 years. He was hospitalized because of disturbance in consciousness. His blood pressure (BP) was 236/118 mmHg; pulse rate, 132 beats/min; and plasma glucose level, 712 mg/dl. Abdominal computed tomography scanning revealed the presence of bilateral adrenal masses and left atrophic kidney. Abdominal magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated marked stenosis of the left main renal artery. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with atherosclerotic RVHT with left renal artery stenosis. Bilateral adrenal masses were immunohistologically identified as potential sites for cortisol overproduction. Therefore, laparoscopic left nephrectomy and adrenalectomy were simultaneously performed resulting in improved BP and glucose levels. Pathological studies revealed the presence of multiple cortisol-producing adrenal nodules and aldosterone-producing cell clusters in the adjacent left adrenal cortex. In the present case, activated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and cortisol overproduction resulted in severe hypertension, which was managed with simultaneous unilateral nephrectomy and adrenalectomy.

scholarly journals Anthropometric indices as predictors of 10-year cardiovascular risk among Sub-Sahara Africans with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 072-078
Author(s):  
TA Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Anthropometric Indices

Background: Body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio and waist-height ratio are simple clinical tools for determining obesity. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and increased cardiovascular death. The study was aimed at determining the relationship between these anthropometric indices and 10-year cardiovascular risk among sub-saharan Africans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study involving 67 adults (with 50.7% females) managed for type 2 diabetes mellitus in a referral hospital in Nigeria. Ethical approval was obtained at the institution review board and the participants also gave written consent. Anthropometric indices were determined using standard protocols. Fasting lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin and plasma creatinine were assayed using standard laboratory techniques. Atherogenic index of plasma, estimated glomerular filtration rate and the WHO-ISH cardiovascular risk score were also determined. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 22. Pearson correlation coefficient, Students’ t test, Chi square test, ROC curve analysis were performed as appropriate. Results: The mean age was 54.12±9.03 years. Obesity was found in 37.3%, 66.5%, 70.1% and 95.5% of the participants using BMI, WHR, WC and WHtR respectively. Intermediate/high cardiovascular risk was found in 38.2% and 24.2% of the males and females respectively. BMI and WC significantly correlated with blood pressure. There was no significant correlation between anthropometric indices and other cardiovascular risk factors studied. Using ROC curve analysis, BMI and WHtR had the highest AUC of 0.613 and 0.577 respectively. Conclusion: Among sub-sahara Africans with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there is a significant association between WC and BMI with the blood pressure. BMI and WHtR have the highest 10-year cardiovascular risk predictability among the anthropometric indices in this cohort of individuals. Larger and prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.

Metoprolol in Diabetes Mellitus: Effect on Glucose Homeostasis

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 469s-472s ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Garrett ◽  
P. Raskin ◽  
N. M. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Renin Activity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load

1. In eight hypertensive diabetic subjects receiving hydrochlorothiazide, glucose homeostasis as measured by the changes in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon after an oral glucose load was not significantly affected by 8 weeks of therapy with metoprolol. 2. The combination of metoprolol plus hydrochlorothiazide significantly lowered blood pressure in all subjects. 3. Plasma renin activity was suppressed by therapy with metoprolol.

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