scholarly journals Compatibility of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii for their combined application against the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Galina Vadimovna Mitina* ◽  
Lidija Pavlovna Krasavina ◽  
Olga Vital'evna Trapeznikova
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Lecanicillium Muscarium ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Negative Effect

The present study evaluated effects of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and an organic extract from its mycelium on the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its predator, mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Mites were exposed to fungal spores or organic extract prepared from L. muscarium mycelium. No negative effect was shown on the predator feeding on T. vaporariorum nymphs treated with fungal conidia at a concentration of 5 × 107 spores/ml; by day six the number of mite eggs and nymphs was 18.7 % higher than on leaves treated with Tween 80. In contrast, treatment of leaves with a 0.5 % alcohol extract derived from L. muscarium mycelium caused 35 % mortality of A. swirskii adults by day two. In a trial conducted in a commercial greenhouse on rose plants, the application of L. muscarium conidia followed by the release of A. swirskii suppressed T. vaporariorum more effectively than each of the control agents applied separately.

scholarly journals The effect of the different species of the entomopathogenic fungi from genera Akanthomyces and Lecanicillium on the behavioral responses and the viability of the Trialeurodes vaporariorum

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
G. V. Mitina* ◽  
E. A. Stepanycheva ◽  
A. A. Choglokova
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Negative Effect

The effect of the spores of Akanthomyces and Lecanicillium species on the behavioral responses of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum has been studied. Three strains of the species Akanthomyces muscarius, Lecanicillium pissodis and Lecanicillium dimorphum demonstrated a strong repellency and negative effect for the adult fecundity, causing the decrease of the eggs number up to 70 % in comparison with control. Two other strains of species L. psalliotae and A. muscarius did not affect the behavioral responses and fecundity of whitefly. All studied strains showed high virulence against whitefly larvae at concentration of 5 mln spores/ml causing mortalily rate between 76 and 98 % on the 7th day after treatment. The virulence of species L. dimorphum and L. pissodis was comparable with the virulence of the species A. muscarius, they are traditionally used to produce biopreparations against whitefly. They are promising for the whitefly control. Apparently, the behavioral responses of these pests should be considered for the evaluation of the pathogenic potential of entomopathogenic fungi.

The efficiency of Amblyseius swirskii in control of Tetranychus urticae and Trialeurodes vaporariorum is affected by various factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 109 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mortazavi ◽  
Y. Fathipour ◽  
A.A. Talebi
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Alternative Food ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Predator Population ◽  
Amblyseius Swirskii ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Maize Pollen ◽  
Presence And Absence

AbstractAmblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is a well-known predator that is used for controlling the population of two-spotted spider mites (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae Koch, and greenhouse whitefly (GHWF), Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood, in strawberry greenhouses. To find the effective factors that influence the efficiency of this predator, the predation rates of A. swirskii fed on (Ι) TSSM in the presence and absence of the pollen, webbing, and GHWF, as well as on (II) GHWF in the presence and absence of the pollen, and GHWF-produced honeydew were determined. Furthermore, developmental time, fecundity, and population growth rate of this predator under the same conditions were measured. Our results showed that A. swirskii was able to reduce TSSM population, while the spider mite webbing had an adverse effect on the performance of the predator. Therefore, the presence of the predator population at the time of the infestation is crucial to the success of biological control. It can be concluded that the alternative food sources such as pollen and GHWF-produced honeydew play an important role in maintaining the predator population in the absence of pests. Moreover, the results indicate that using the pollen and another pest along with the target pest can promote the predator density. A. swirskii consumed lower numbers of TSSM when concurrently offered with GHWF and/or maize pollen, and lower numbers of GHWF in the presence of pollen. On the other hand, in the presence of alternative food or alternative prey, the fecundity of the predator was much higher.

scholarly journals A novel non-trichome based whitefly resistance QTL in Solanum galapagense

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Santegoets ◽  
Marcella Bovio ◽  
Wendy van’t Westende ◽  
Roeland E. Voorrips ◽  
Ben Vosman
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Type Iv

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum is a major threat in tomato cultivation. In greenhouse grown tomatoes non-trichome based whitefly resistance may be better suited than glandular trichome based resistance as glandular trichomes may interfere with biocontrol, which is widely used. Analysis of a collection of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum galapagense showed resistance to the whitefly T. vaporariorum on plants without glandular trichomes type IV. The resistance affected whitefly adult survival (AS), but not oviposition rate. This indicates that S. galapagense, in addition to trichome based resistance, also carries non-trichome based resistance components. The effectiveness of the non-trichome based resistance appeared to depend on the season in which the plants were grown. The resistance also had a small but significant effect on the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, but not on the thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. A segregating F2 population was created to map the non-trichome based resistance. Two Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for reduced AS of T. vaporariorum were mapped on chromosomes 12 and 7 (explaining 13.9% and 6.0% of the variance respectively). The QTL on chromosome 12 was validated in F3 lines.

scholarly journals Vibrational communication and mating behavior of the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Fattoruso ◽  
Gianfranco Anfora ◽  
Valerio Mazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Mating Behavior ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Vibrational Communication ◽  
Greenhouse Whitefly ◽  
Behavioral Manipulation ◽  
Vibrational Signals ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Behavioral Transition ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe greenhouse whitefly (GW), Trialeurodes vaporariorum is considered one of the most harmful insect pests in greenhouses worldwide. The GW mating behavior has been partially investigated and its vibrational communication is only in part known. A deeper knowledge of its intraspecific communication is required to evaluate the applicability of control methods based on techniques of behavioral manipulation. In this study, for the first time, we provided a detailed ethogram of the GW mating behavior and we characterized the vibrational signals emitted during the process of pair formation. We characterized two types of male vibrational emissions (“chirp” and “pulses”), differently arranged according to the behavioral stage to form stage-specific signals, and a previously undescribed Male Rivalry Signal. We recorded and characterized two new female signals: The Female Responding Signal and the Female Rejective Signal. The mating behavior of GW can be divided into six different stages that we named “call”, “alternated duet”, “courtship”, “overlapped duet”, “mating”, “failed mating attempt”. The analysis performed with the Markovian behavioral transition matrix showed that the “courtship” is the key stage in which male exhibits its quality and can lead to the “overlapped duet” stage. The latter is strictly associated to the female acceptance and therefore it plays a crucial role to achieve mating success. Based on our findings, we consider the use of vibrational playbacks interfering with GW mating communication a promising option for pest control in greenhouses. We discuss the possibility to start a research program of behavioral manipulation to control the populations of GW.

scholarly journals Ecosystem Services and Disservices of Vegetation in Recreational Urban Blue-Green Spaces—Some Recommendations for Greenery Shaping

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077
Author(s):  
Agata Ćwik ◽  
Tomasz Wójcik ◽  
Maria Ziaja ◽  
Magdalena Wójcik ◽  
Katarzyna Kluska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Plant Composition ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Multi Media ◽  
The City ◽  
Main Attraction

Urban water bodies are an important asset in terms of climate change. The accompanying vegetation is an integral part of the waterside space system and a source of ecosystem services and disservices. The composition of greenery in waterside spaces should therefore be preceded by detailed research. This research would be the basis for the development of recommendations for enhancement of the positive impact of vegetation on humans and minimisation of its negative effect. The aim of the study was to identify ecosystem services and disservices of vegetation in the four most important waterside recreation spaces in the city of Rzeszów, Poland, and to develop plant composition guidelines. A detailed inventory of vegetation and aerobiological monitoring of the presence of airborne allergenic pollen grains and fungal spores were carried out. Next, the ecosystem services and disservices of the vegetation were determined based on literature data and on our expert judgement. Additionally, a counting of the number of visitors to waterside areas was conducted. All these steps were used to develop recommendations for shaping the vegetation of study areas. The results of the investigations show that the boulevards along the artificial lake function completely differently than other investigated places as the area resembles an urban park, and the water is not the main attraction in this space. The vegetation of the boulevards and the nearby gravel-pit bathing area has mostly a spontaneous character and offers the widest range of ecosystem services and disservices. The management of the vegetation should focus on its health-enhancing values. The vegetation growing near the outdoor swimming pools has been designed by man. Nevertheless, it requires recomposing and is targeted specifically at the enhancement of the visual attractiveness. Additionally, there is a need for planting compact deciduous trees that will provide shade at the multi-media fountain.

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