Clinical and Histologic Manifestations of a Novel Rectus Femoris Myotendinous Junction Injury in Rats

Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) arises from lateral aspect of femoral artery 3.5 cm distal to inguinal ligament. It gives lateral and medial circumflex femoral arteries from lateral and medial aspect respectively. Following variation was reported in right lower limb of a 60 year male cadaver, during routine dissection for medical students. Profunda Femoris Artery (PFA) arose from lateral aspect of femoral artery 1 cm distal to inguinal ligament, running laterally and down words parallel to femoral artery the profunda femoris passed beneath rectus femoris, sartorius and vastus medialis successively, finally pierced adductor magnus as forth perforator artery, 6 cm above knee joint.

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Real-time measurement of rectus femoris muscle kinematics during drop jump using ultrasound imaging: A preliminary study

2012 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society ◽

10.1109/embc.2012.6347080 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

A. Eranki ◽

N. Cortes ◽

Z. G. Ferencek ◽

J. J. Kim ◽

S. Sikdar

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Time Measurement ◽

Drop Jump ◽

Real Time Measurement ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Rectus Femoris Muscle ◽

Femoris Muscle

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Effect of position and exercise on measurement of muscle quantity and quality: towards a standardised pragmatic protocol for clinical practice

BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation ◽

10.1186/s13102-020-00227-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carly Welch ◽

Zeinab Majid ◽

Isabelle Andrews ◽

Zaki Hassan-Smith ◽

Vicky Kamwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Practice ◽

Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Upper Body ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Vastus Intermedius ◽

Total Body

Abstract Background Ultrasonography is an emerging non-invasive bedside tool for muscle quantity/quality assessment; Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is an alternative non-invasive bedside measure of body composition, recommended for evaluation of sarcopenia in clinical practice. We set out to assess impact of position and exercise upon measures towards protocol standardisation. Methods Healthy volunteers aged 18–35 were recruited. Bilateral Anterior Thigh Thickness (BATT; rectus femoris and vastus intermedius), BATT: Subcutaneous Ratio (BATT:SCR), and rectus femoris echogenicity were measured using ultrasound and BIA was performed; 1) lying with upper body at 45° (Reclined), 2) lying fully supine at 180o (Supine), 3) sat in a chair with upper body at 90o (Sitting), and 4) after exercise Reclined. Variability of Skeletal Muscle Mass (SMM) by two different equations from BIA (SMM-Janssen, SMM-Sergi), phase angle, fat percentage, and total body (TBW), extracellular (ECW), and intracellular water (ICW) were assessed. Results Forty-four participants (52% female; mean 25.7 years-old (SD 5.0)) were recruited. BATT increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.45 cm, 1.27–1.63), and after exercise (+ 0.51, 0.29–0.73). Echogenicity reduced from Reclined to Sitting (− 2.1, − 3.9 – -0.26). SMM-Sergi declined from Reclined to Supine (− 0.65 kg, − 1.08 – − 0.23) and after exercise (− 0.70 kg, − 1.27 – -0.14). ECW increased from Reclined to Sitting (+ 1.19 L, 0.04–2.35). There were no other statistically significant changes. Conclusion Standardisation of protocols is especially important for assessment of muscle quantity by ultrasonography; BIA measurements may also vary dependent on the equations used. Where possible, participants should be rested prior to muscle ultrasonography and BIA, and flexion of the knees should be avoided.

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Changes in muscle activities and kinematics due to simulated leg length inequalities

Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik ◽

10.1515/bmt-2020-0266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Hannah Lena Siebers ◽

Jörg Eschweiler ◽

Filippo Migliorini ◽

Valentin Michael Quack ◽

Markus Tingart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Activity ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Knee Extension ◽

Pelvic Obliquity ◽

Lateral Flexion ◽

Leg Length ◽

Joint Angles ◽

Leg Muscles ◽

Compensation Mechanisms ◽

Musculoskeletal Problems

Abstract Muscle imbalances are a leading cause of musculoskeletal problems. One example are leg length inequalities (LLIs). This study aimed to analyze the effect of different (simulated) LLIs on back and leg muscles in combination with kinematic compensation mechanics. Therefore, 20 healthy volunteers were analyzed during walking with artificial LLIs (0–4 cm). The effect of different amounts of LLIs and significant differences to the reference condition without LLI were calculated of maximal joint angles, mean muscle activity, and its symmetry index. While walking, LLIs led to higher muscle activity and asymmetry of back muscles, by increased lumbar lateral flexion and pelvic obliquity. The rectus femoris showed higher values, independent of the amount of LLI, whereas the activity of the gastrocnemius on the shorter leg increased. The hip and knee flexion of the long leg increased significantly with increasing LLIs, like the knee extension and the ankle plantarflexion of the shorter leg. The described compensation mechanisms are explained by a dynamic lengthening of the short and shortening of the longer leg, which is associated with increased and asymmetrical muscle activity. Presenting this overview is important for a better understanding of the effects of LLIs to improve diagnostic and therapy in the future.

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POS0832 A NOVEL GREY SCALE AND POWER DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC SCORE FOR IDIOPATHIC INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES: SIENA MYOSITIS ULTRASOUND GRADING SCALE

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.197 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 669.1-670

Author(s):

E. Conticini ◽

P. Falsetti ◽

S. G. Al Khayyat ◽

C. Baldi ◽

F. Bellisai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Duration ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Power Doppler ◽

Muscle Thickness ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Normal Muscle ◽

Small Vessels ◽

Grey Scale ◽

Vastus Intermedius ◽

Grading Scale

Background:No clear-cut guidelines exist about the use of diagnostic procedures for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and only scanty and conflicting data report the use of ultrasound (US).Objectives:We aimed to assess if grey-scale (GS) and Power Doppler (PD) US, graded with a 0-3-points-scale, may be a reliable tool in a cohort of patients affected by IIM.Methods:We prospectively collected, since July to October 2020, all patients referred to Vasculitis and Myositis clinic, Rheumatology Unit, University of Siena, for suspected IIM, as well as patients with a previous, definite diagnosis of IIM and evaluated during follow-up or referred from other centers for a second opinion. All patients underwent US examination of both thighs in axial and longitudinal scans. Edema and atrophy, both assessed in GS, and PD, were graded with a 0-3-points-scale. Spearman test was used to identify the correlations between US and clinical and serological variables.Results:A total of 18 patients was included. Four of them were evaluated twice, at baseline and within 3 months of therapy. Muscle edema was found to be directly correlated with physician global assessment (PhGA), serum myoglobin and PD and negatively with disease duration. PD score was positively correlated to PhGA and negatively to disease duration. Muscle atrophy directly correlated with Myositis Damage Index and patients’ age. The single-thigh sub-analysis evidenced a direct correlation between PD score and Manual Muscle Test.Conclusion:In our cohort, we found that edema and PD are strictly related to early, active myositis, suggesting that an inflamed muscle should appear swollen, thickened and with Doppler signal. Conversely, muscle atrophy reflects the age of the patient and the overall severity of the disease. Such findings shed a new, promising, light in the role of US in diagnosis and monitoring of IIMs.Table 1.Siena Myositis Ultrasound Grading Scale (SMUGS).Grey-scale edemaGrey-scale atrophyPower Doppler0Normal muscle echotexture with hyperechoic septa and hypoechoic muscle fibers, conserved thickness.Normal muscle echotexture, with hyperechoic septa and hypoechoic muscle fibers, conserved thickness.No PD signal.1Focal hypoechoic areas, where septa are less evident. Conserved thickness.Focal heterogeneously hyperechoic areas, where septa are thicker and more evident, and muscle fibers are thinner. Conserved muscle thickness.One or two PD signals in at least one muscle (PD vascular spots, small vessels of homogenous diameters, vessel diameters approximately not superior to fibrous intramuscular septa)2Diffuse and heterogeneous hypo echogenicity (rectus femoris as hypoechoic or more than vastus intermedius), septa diffusely less evident. Conserved thickness.Diffuse and heterogeneously hyperechoic muscle, with thicker septa and thinner muscle fibers. Conserved muscle thickness.More than 2 PD signals for each muscle (as vascular spots, small vessels of homogenous diameters, vessel diameters approximately not superior to fibrous intramuscular septa).3Diffuse and heterogeneous hypo echogenicity (rectus femoris as hypoechoic or more than vastus intermedius), septa diffusely less evident. Increased thickness (rectus femoris became thicker than vastus intermedius).Diffuse and heterogeneously hyperechoic muscle, with thicker septa and thinner muscle fibers. Reduced muscle thickness.More than 2 PD signals for each muscle with larger diameter of the vessel (at least superior to fibrous intramuscular septa), or vessels with different diameters or branched vessels.Figure 1.Different PD findings (clockwise) in longitudinal anterior scans of the thigh: PD 3 in a patient with a recent diagnosis of anti-Mi2 DM; PD 2 in the same patient after one month of treatment with steroids and Methotrexate; PD 1 in a patient affected by anti-SAE DM, with a suspected disease flare; PD 0 in a patient affected by an advanced polymyositis diagnosed in 2000, currently not in treatment.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Relationship between Muscular Activity and Postural Control Changes after Proprioceptive Focal Stimulation (Equistasi®) in Middle-Moderate Parkinson’s Disease Patients: An Explorative Study

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21020560 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 560

Author(s):

Fabiola Spolaor ◽

Marco Romanato ◽

Guiotto Annamaria ◽

Antonella Peppe ◽

Leila Bakdounes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Postural Control ◽

Quantitative Estimation ◽

Force Plate ◽

Muscular Activity ◽

Rectus Femoris ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Eyes Open ◽

Romberg Test

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Equistasi®, a wearable device, on the relationship between muscular activity and postural control changes in a sample of 25 Parkinson’s disease (PD) subjects. Gait analysis was carried out through a six-cameras stereophotogrammetric system synchronized with two force plates, an eight-channel surface electromyographic system, recording the activity of four muscles bilaterally: Rectus femoris, tibialis anterior (TA), biceps femoris, and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL). The peak of the envelope (PoE) and its occurrence within the gait cycle (position of the peak of the envelope, PPoE) were calculated. Frequency-domain posturographic parameters were extracted while standing still on a force plate in eyes open and closed conditions for 60 s. After the treatment with Equistasi®, the mid-low (0.5–0.75) Hz and mid-high (0.75–1 Hz) components associated with the vestibular and somatosensory systems, PoE and PPoE, displayed a shift toward the values registered on the controls. Furthermore, a correlation was found between changes in proprioception (power spectrum frequencies during the Romberg Test) and the activity of GL, BF (PoE), and TA (PPoE). Results of this study could provide a quantitative estimation of the effects of a neurorehabilitation device on the peripheral and central nervous system in PD.

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Fibroblast fusion to the muscle fiber regulates myotendinous junction formation

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24159-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wesal Yaseen ◽

Ortal Kraft-Sheleg ◽

Shelly Zaffryar-Eilot ◽

Shay Melamed ◽

Chengyi Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Fiber ◽

Musculoskeletal System ◽

Smooth Transition ◽

Common Mechanism ◽

Myotendinous Junction ◽

Body Movements ◽

Dual Identity ◽

Junction Formation ◽

Myogenic Program ◽

Developing Muscle

AbstractVertebrate muscles and tendons are derived from distinct embryonic origins yet they must interact in order to facilitate muscle contraction and body movements. How robust muscle tendon junctions (MTJs) form to be able to withstand contraction forces is still not understood. Using techniques at a single cell resolution we reexamine the classical view of distinct identities for the tissues composing the musculoskeletal system. We identify fibroblasts that have switched on a myogenic program and demonstrate these dual identity cells fuse into the developing muscle fibers along the MTJs facilitating the introduction of fibroblast-specific transcripts into the elongating myofibers. We suggest this mechanism resulting in a hybrid muscle fiber, primarily along the fiber tips, enables a smooth transition from muscle fiber characteristics towards tendon features essential for forming robust MTJs. We propose that dual characteristics of junctional cells could be a common mechanism for generating stable interactions between tissues throughout the musculoskeletal system.

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