Differences in Clinical Presentation of Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease According to Sex and Education Level

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 711-719
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Chin-Chang Huang ◽  
Chiung-Mei Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Chuan Wu ◽  
Hung-Chou Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Mini Mental Status Examination ◽  
High Level ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Background: The behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) seriously affect the quality of life of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and their caregivers. Objective: We aimed to identify associations between demographic/genetic factors and clinical presentations of BPSD. Methods: In a cohort of 463 AD patients with BPSD, we retrospectively analyzed sex, education level, AD severity (assessed using the Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-Mental Status Examination), and BPSD severity (assessed using the Neuropsychiatry Inventory, NPI). Severe BPSD was defined as NPI ≥10 for 3 consecutive years. Results: Among patients with severe BPSD (NPI ≥10), we observed more female patients (62.96%) and a lower level of education (6.03±4.77 years) as compared to those with mild BPSD (NPI <10) (female: 51.09%, p = 0.007; education years: 7.91±4.93, p < 0.001). Females had a lower level of education (5.72±4.50 years) and higher scores for depression/dysphoria (1.22±2.05) compared with males (education: 8.96±4.89 years, p < 0.001; depression/dysphoria: 0.78±1.42, p = 0.047). Patients with a high level of education (defined as ≥12 years) had higher scores for appetite/eating (0.90±2.02) than did those without (0.69±1.79; p = 0.001). Genetic analysis showed similar total and subscale NPI scores between patients with and without APOE4 and with and without the GRN rs5848 genotype. Conclusion: Our findings indicate potential contributions of sex and education to the presentation of BPSD. Further study is warranted to provide models for tailoring therapeutic programs to individual AD patients according to these factors.

Behavioral and psychological symptoms in Taiwanese patients with Alzheimer's disease

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yih Liu ◽  
Pei-Ning Wang ◽  
Ker-Neng Lin ◽  
Hsiu-Chih Liu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for behavioral and psychological symptoms in Taiwanese Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients.Method: Consecutive AD patients from the Memory Clinic of the Taipei Veterans General Hospital were studied. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Chinese version of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument. Primary caregivers were interviewed for the Clinical Dementia Rating scale, the Barthel Index, and the Alzheimer's Deficit Scale. Behavioral and psychological symptoms were assessed using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale.Results: Of the 142 participants, 73 (50.7%) had at least one delusion. The most frequent delusion was delusion of theft (N = 43, 30.3%). Thirty-five patients (24.6%) experienced hallucination. Fifty-seven patients (40.1%) had activity disturbances and 39 (27.5%) had aggression. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to the presence or absence of each cluster of symptoms, namely, delusions, hallucinations, activity disturbance, aggression, diurnal rhythm change, affective symptoms, and anxiety. There was no significant correlation between age, age at onset of dementia, number of years of education, and duration of illness and each cluster of symptoms. Correlation between severity of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and cognitive decline was noted.Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Taiwanese patients with AD and suggests that these symptoms are associated with cognitive deficit.

scholarly journals Relationship between Dementia Severity and Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's Disease Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Hashimoto ◽  
Yusuke Yatabe ◽  
Tomohisa Ishikawa ◽  
Ryuji Fukuhara ◽  
Keiichiro Kaneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Dementia With Lewy Bodies ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Clinical Dementia Rating ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Background/Aims: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are common in the clinical manifestation of dementia. Although most patients with dementia exhibit some BPSD during the course of the illness, the association of BPSD with the stage of dementia remains unclear. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the impact of severity of dementia on the expression of BPSD in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: Ninety-seven patients with DLB and 393 patients with AD were recruited from 8 dementia clinics across Japan. BPSD were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). A relationship between BPSD and dementia stage classified by the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) in each type of dementia was assessed. Results: No significant difference was seen in NPI total score across CDR staging in the DLB group. On the other hand, the NPI total score significantly increased with dementia stage in the AD group. Conclusion: The relationship of dementia stage with the expression of BPSD was different according to the type of dementia. BPSD and dementia stage were correlated in AD subjects, in whom psychiatric symptoms increase as the disease progresses, but not in DLB subjects.

scholarly journals Shen-Zhi-Ling Oral Liquid Improves Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Alzheimer’s Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Pan ◽  
Qiudong Wang ◽  
Shin Kwak ◽  
Yu Song ◽  
Baofeng Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Liquid ◽  
Detrended Fluctuation ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

We evaluated the effects of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Shen-Zhi-Ling oral liquid (SZL) on the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Among 98 patients with AD and BPSD enrolled (mean age, 57.2 ± 8.9 years old), 91 (M = 55,F = 36; mean age, 57.2 ± 9.7 years old) completed the study. Patients took either SZL (n=45) or placebo granules (n=46) in a double-blind manner for 20 weeks while maintaining other anticognitive medications unchanged. Changes in BPSD between week 0, week 10, week 20, and week 25 were assessed using the behavioral pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (BEHAVE-AD) rating scale and the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) represented by diurnal activity (DA), evening activity (EA), and nocturnal activity (NA) according to actigraphic recordings. SZL but not placebo oral liquid delayed the development of BPSD significantly according to the changes in some of the clinical scores and the EA and NA parameters of DFA at week 20 compared with week 0. No side effects were observed in laboratory tests. The results indicate that SZL might delay the development of BPSD in AD patients and thus is a potentially suitable drug for long-term use.

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