"Doppler De-boosting" and the Observation of "Standard Candles" in Cosmology

“Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the same relativistic effect observed but for receding light sources (e.g. relativistic jets of AGN and GRB). “Doppler boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard Candle adjustment of Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)α -3 and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)-2. “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.

PREPRINT. “Doppler de-boosting” and the observation of “Standard candles” in cosmology.

10.32370/ia_2021_06_23 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Zilberman ◽

Keyword(s):

Relativistic Effect ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Galactic Nuclei ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Light Sources ◽

Radiation Sources ◽

Standard Candle ◽

Type Ia ◽

PREPRINT. “Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the term of the same relativistic effect observed for receding light sources (e.g.relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts). “Doppler boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment of Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) =L/Lo=(Z+1)^(α-3) and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z)=L/Lo=(Z+1)^(-2). “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.

“Doppler de-boosting” and the observation of “Standard candles” in cosmology

10.32370/iaj.2549 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Zilberman ◽

Keyword(s):

Relativistic Effect ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Galactic Nuclei ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Light Sources ◽

Relativistic Jets ◽

Radiation Sources ◽

Type Ia ◽

“Doppler boosting” is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching radiation sources. “Doppler de-boosting” is the name of relativistic effect observed for receding light sources (e.g. relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray bursts). “Doppler boosting” changes the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while “Doppler de-boosting” causes the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While “Doppler de-boosting” has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, it was ignored in the establishment of Standard candles for cosmological distances. A Standard candle adjustment of an Z>0.1 is necessary for “Doppler de-boosting”, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer not because of “Doppler de-boosting” but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of the redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)α -3 and for Type Ia supernova appears as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)-2. “Doppler de-boosting” may also explain the anomalously low luminosity of objects with a high Z without the introduction of an accelerated expansion of the Universe and Dark Energy.

Shouldn’t Doppler 'De-boosting' be accounted for in calculations of intrinsic luminosity of Standard Candles?

10.32370/iaj.2569 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Zilberman

Keyword(s):

General Relativity ◽

Special Relativity ◽

Spectral Index ◽

Binary Systems ◽

Relativistic Effect ◽

Light Sources ◽

Relativistic Jets ◽

Radiation Sources ◽

Standard Candle ◽

Type Ia

"Doppler boosting / de-boosting" is a well-known relativistic effect that alters the apparent luminosity of approaching/receding radiation sources. "Doppler boosting" alters the apparent luminosity of approaching light sources to appear brighter, while "Doppler de-boosting" alters the apparent luminosity of receding light sources to appear fainter. While "Doppler boosting / de-boosting" has been successfully accounted for and observed in relativistic jets of AGN, double white dwarfs, in search of exoplanets and stars in binary systems it was ignored in the establishment of Standard Candles for cosmological distances. A Standard Candle adjustment appears necessary for "Doppler de-boosting" for high Z, otherwise we would incorrectly assume that Standard Candles appear dimmer, not because of "Doppler de-boosting" but because of the excessive distance, which would affect the entire Standard Candles ladder at cosmological distances. The ratio between apparent (L) and intrinsic (Lo) luminosities as a function of redshift Z and spectral index α is given by the formula ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)^(α-3) and for Type Ia supernova as ℳ(Z) = L/Lo=(Z+1)^(-2). These formulas are obtained within the framework of Special Relativity and may require adjustments within the General Relativity framework.

DO RECENT SUPERNOVAE Ia OBSERVATIONS TEND TO RULE OUT ALL THE COSMOLOGIES?

International Journal of Modern Physics D ◽

10.1142/s0218271807011036 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1641-1651 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

RAM GOPAL VISHWAKARMA

Keyword(s):

Dark Matter ◽

Dark Energy ◽

Gravitational Lensing ◽

Weakly Interacting Massive Particles ◽

Cosmological Models ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Standard Candle ◽

The Universe ◽

Rule Out

Dark energy and the accelerated expansion of the universe have been the direct predictions of the distant supernovae Ia observations which are also supported, indirectly, by the observations of the CMB anisotropies, gravitational lensing and the studies of galaxy clusters. Today these results are accommodated in what has become the concordance cosmology: a universe with flat spatial sections t = constant with about 70% of its energy in the form of Einstein's cosmological constant Λ and about 25% in the form of dark matter (made of perhaps weakly-interacting massive particles). Though the composition is weird, the theory has shown remarkable successes at many fronts. However, we find that as more and more supernovae Ia are observed, more accurately and towards higher redshift, the probability that the data are well-explained by the cosmological models decreases alarmingly, finally ruling out the concordance model at more than 95% confidence level. This raises doubts against the "standard candle"-hypothesis of the supernovae Ia and their use in constraining the cosmological models. We need a better understanding of the entire SN Ia phenomenon in order to extract cosmological consequences from them.

“Pure” Supernovae and Dark Energy

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s1743921312014597 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (S281) ◽

pp. 17-20

Author(s):

M. V. Pruzhinskaya ◽

E. S. Gorbovskoy ◽

V. M. Lipunov

Keyword(s):

Dark Energy ◽

Chemical Evolution ◽

Special Class ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Type Ia Supernovae ◽

Type Ia ◽

Ia Supernovae ◽

AbstractA special class of Type Ia supernovae that is not subject to ordinary and additional intragalactic gray absorption and chemical evolution has been identified. Analysis of the Hubble diagrams constructed for these supernovae confirms the accelerated expansion of the Universe irrespective of the chemical evolution and possible gray absorption in galaxies.

Dark Energy and Cosmological Constant

Mapana Journal of Sciences ◽

10.12723/mjs.44.3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32

Author(s):

Louise Rebecca ◽

C Sivaram ◽

Kenath Arun

Keyword(s):

Dark Energy ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Mass Density ◽

Critical Density ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Microwave Background ◽

Type Ia ◽

Ia Supernovae ◽

One of the unresolved problems in cosmology is that the measured mass density of the universe has revealed a value that was about 30% of the critical density. Since the universe is very nearly spatially flat, as is indicated by measurements of the cosmic microwave background, about 70% of the energy density of the universe was left unaccounted for. Another observation seems to be connected to this mystery. Generally one would expect the rate of expansion to slow down once the universe started expanding. The measurements of Type Ia supernovae have revealed that the expansion of the universe is actually accelerating. This accelerated expansion is attributed to the so-called dark energy (DE).Here we give a brief overview on the observational basis for DE hypothesis and how cosmological constant, initially proposed by Einstein to obtain a static universe, can play the role of dark energy.

The Mystery of the Dark Energy Based on Energy Materials

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.523 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 496 ◽

pp. 523-526

Author(s):

Jian Guo Lu ◽

Ming Hu

Keyword(s):

Dark Energy ◽

Gamma Ray ◽

Background Radiation ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Energy Materials ◽

Type Ia Supernova ◽

Microwave Background Radiation ◽

Type Ia ◽

Recently the observations on the type Ia supernova has showed the accelerated expansion of the universe which can be used to illustrate by the “dark energy”. In order to understand the accelerated expansion of the universe and the dark energy, people study them based on two aspects: theoretical mechanism and cosmology observation restrictions. The simplest and the most frequently used models of the dark energy are the vacuum energy, cosmic constant model and quintessence model etc. The measurement of the universe can be used to identify the properties of the dark energy. The anisotropy of the type Ia supernova and cosmic microwave background radiation are the methods which commonly used to detect the dark energy, other methods are weak lensing, X ray gas group, high red shift gamma-ray burst and so on

Cosmological constant

10.1093/oso/9780198802877.003.0026 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Kachelriess

Keyword(s):

Dark Energy ◽

Cosmological Constant ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Vacuum Fluctuations ◽

Present Epoch ◽

Modify Gravity ◽

The contribution of vacuum fluctuations to the cosmological constant is reconsidered studying the dependence on the used regularisation scheme. Then alternative explanations for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe in the present epoch are introduced which either modify gravity or add a new component of matter, dubbed dark energy. The chapter closes with some comments on attempts to quantise gravity.

Taxonomy of Dark Energy Models

Universe ◽

10.3390/universe7060163 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 163

Author(s):

Verónica Motta ◽

Miguel A. García-Aspeitia ◽

Alberto Hernández-Almada ◽

Juan Magaña ◽

Tomás Verdugo

Keyword(s):

Dark Energy ◽

Cold Dark Matter ◽

Accelerated Expansion ◽

Energy Component ◽

The Past ◽

Energy Models ◽

The Status ◽

The Universe ◽

Unknown Component

The accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the main discoveries of the past decades, indicating the presence of an unknown component: the dark energy. Evidence of its presence is being gathered by a succession of observational experiments with increasing precision in its measurements. However, the most accepted model for explaining the dynamic of our Universe, the so-called Lambda cold dark matter, faces several problems related to the nature of such energy component. This has led to a growing exploration of alternative models attempting to solve those drawbacks. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of a (non-exhaustive) list of dark energy models as well as some of the most used cosmological samples. Next, we discuss how to constrain each model’s parameters using observational data. Finally, we summarize the status of dark energy modeling.