Lacrimal Bone

AbstractParrots (Psittaciformes) are a unique and diverse avian group and vary tremendously in size, shape, and colour. Mainly distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, most species of parrots are largely or exclusively arboreal with several exceptions. The species also differ in diet and habitat, which led to different musculoskeletal adaptations of the skull. However, parrots have conspicuous generalized external features; in this recent study, we tried to increase our knowledge of the cranial shape and foraging habits. A geometric morphometric approach was used to analyse two-dimensional cranial landmarks. We used principal component (PC) analyses on measurements that may be related to diet. The PCs described the relative height of the cranium, the relative length and curvature of the beak, differences in the orientation and curvature of the lacrimal bone and the upper margin of orbits, variation in the size and position of the palatine bone and the relative width of the cranium, and variation in the relative size of the neurocranium compared to the viscerocranium. The dietary categories overlap in the morphospace but the analysis in lateral and ventral view resulted in significant differences.

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Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: An Unusual Presentation of Sarcoidosis

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/0145561320950494 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 014556132095049

Author(s):

Samih J. Nassif ◽

Devin Ruiz ◽

Alison Callahan ◽

Elie E. Rebeiz

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Drainage System ◽

Nasolacrimal Duct ◽

Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction ◽

Duct Obstruction ◽

Nasal Tissue ◽

History Of ◽

Lacrimal Bone ◽

Subepithelial Layer ◽

Noncaseating Granulomas

Lacrimal drainage system disorders leading to epiphora are a common ophthalmologic complaint. When such a patient is identified, the ophthalmologist frequently collaborates with the otolaryngologist to perform a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). In rare cases, sinonasal sarcoidosis may lead to nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLD) and dacryocystitis. A 48-year-old Caucasian female was referred to the Otolaryngology clinic for evaluation of a 6-month history of persistent right-sided nasal obstruction and epiphora. After physical examination and computerized tomography (CT) scan, she was diagnosed with right NLD with dacryocystitis. The patient underwent right endoscopic DCR. Pathology from the lacrimal bone and nasal tissue demonstrated noncaseating granulomas suggestive of sarcoidosis. Postoperative evaluation including lung CT scan confirmed systemic sarcoidosis. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction very rarely is the presenting symptom in patients with sarcoidosis. Imaging is necessary to rule out other causes of NLD, and histopathology is essential for diagnosis. Noncaseating granulomas are found along the nasal tissue and lacrimal sac, specifically in the subepithelial layer. Treatment consists of DCR, either endoscopic or external. Both approaches achieve long-lasting resolution of symptoms but may require revision from inflammation and scarring. There is no consensus on the use of intraoperative or postoperative steroids.

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Endoscopic and Radiologic Findings in Failed Dacryocystorhinostomy: Teaching Pearls for Success

American Journal of Rhinology and Allergy ◽

10.1177/1945892418815044 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 247-255

Author(s):

Islam R. Herzallah ◽

Osama A. Marglani ◽

Sumaiya H. Muathen ◽

Arwa A. Obaid

Keyword(s):

Chronic Sinusitis ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Middle Turbinate ◽

Uncinate Process ◽

Radiologic Findings ◽

Lacrimal Bone ◽

Endoscopic Dcr ◽

Failed Dacryocystorhinostomy

Background Although several studies have commented on causes of dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) failure, detailed description of anatomical findings in such cases remains insufficient. Objective Our objective was primarily to analyze radiologic, endoscopic, and intraoperative findings in patients presenting with failed DCR and secondarily to assess the outcome of revision endoscopic DCR (endo-DCR) carried out at our institution. Methods Twenty-four failed DCRs presenting to our tertiary care center were retrospectively analyzed. Data collection included patients’ history, diagnostic, and management data, as well as thorough analysis of sinonasal CT scans, along with endoscopic and intraoperative findings. Outcome was also assessed in 21 cases with revision endo-DCR performed. Results The anterior part of uncinate process was not previously removed in 15 sides (62.5%), with unopened agger nasi in 13 sides (54.2%). The lacrimal bone was detected covering the posterior sac despite removal of the anterior ascending process of maxilla in 9 sides (37.5%). Rhinostoma was anterior to lacrimal sac in 2 sides (8.3%) and was below the sac in 7 sides (29.2%). Fibrous membrane covered the rhinostoma despite removal of all sac-overlying bones in 6 sides (25%). Other findings included intranasal adhesions, septal deviation, lateralized middle turbinate, granulation tissue, foreign body reaction, and chronic sinusitis. Nineteen of the 21 revision endo-DCRs were successful (90.5%). Conclusion This study provides a precise anatomical description of findings in cases of failed DCR. Such information is paramount in helping surgeons enhance their learning curve, refine the surgical technique, and improve patients’ outcome.

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A new metoposaurid amphibian from the upper Triassic Maleri formation of Central India

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.1965.0019 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 250 (761) ◽

pp. 1-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Keyword(s):

Close Association ◽

Relative Rate ◽

Nasal Bone ◽

Central India ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Upper Triassic ◽

Godavari Valley ◽

Orbital Position ◽

Lacrimal Bone ◽

Improved Methods

Improved methods of collection have led to the discovery of much better amphibian fossils from localities in the Upper Triassic Maleri formation of the Pranhita Godavari Valley. Some preliminary observations regarding the Maleri sediments and their relationship with the overlying and underlying rocks are noted. A composite restoration of the skull is given. The pattern of the dermal roofing bones, the shape of the skull and the position of the orbits clearly indicate that the material belongs to a metoposaurid amphibian. A new metoposaur species, Metoposaurus maleriensis is proposed and a description is given of its skull, braincase and palate. The presence of a prominent additional nasal bone on each side, exposed on the skull roof in one of the skulls of M. maleriensis and its absence in other skulls of this metoposaur is noted and the possible explanation for this condition is put forward. The position of the orbits varies according to the size of the skull; a comparison is made between the two more complete specimens to show that the orbits are more posteriorly placed in larger skulls. It is suggested that this difference in orbital position is probably due to the relative rate of activity of two zones of intensive growth in the skull, anterior and posterior to the orbits. Postcranial material includes three clavicles, interclavicle, humerus, ischium and eight intercentra including that of an atlas. These have also been assigned to M. maleriensis on the basis of close association and osteological characters. Study of the Maleri metoposaur and its comparison with the other adequately known genera, Metoposaurus from the Keuper of Europe and ‘Eupelor' from the Upper Triassic of North America, has demonstrated the weak foundation on which metoposaur genera are based. The position of the lacrimal bone has been used as one of the main morphological characters distinguishing between the previously recognized metoposaur genera. However, this character is variable within a subspecies recognized by Colbert & Imbrie, which suggests caution in its use in distinguishing between genera. The recognition of this feature further emphasizes the extremely close similarity between the metoposaur genera, already commented on by previous authors. The suggestion is made that these genera are morphologically indistinguishable and a revised taxonomy of the metoposaurs is put forward. The upper and lower stratigraphic limits of the metoposaurs are examined, and it is found that the metoposaurs are restricted to horizons equivalent to Carnian and Norian. The fauna associated with the metoposaurs in different parts of the world is discussed, and it is concluded that the age of the Maleri fauna is not younger than Middle Norian and probably not older than Carnian

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Change to win - flapless external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)

Tropical Journal of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology ◽

10.17511/jooo.2020.i08.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 224-230

Author(s):

Dr. Ravi Ranjan ◽

◽

Dr. Kumari Rupam ◽

Dr. Sudhir Kumar ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Symptomatic Relief ◽

Case Series ◽

Nasolacrimal Duct ◽

Medial Side ◽

Case Series Study ◽

Lacrimal Bone ◽

External Dacryocystorhinostomy ◽

One Year ◽

Series Study

Introduction: Nasolacrimal Duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common ophthalmic problem and theusual Treatment is Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), either external or endonasal. This study aims toevaluate the success of external DCR with neither anterior nor posterior flaps with Mitomycin c(MMC) syringing on the 5th post-operative day (early proliferative phase of wound healing). It wasshown in the present study that a comparable good result can be achieved without tedious flapsmaking and anastomosis. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective, non-comparativeobservational Case series study done from March 2011 to August 2019. A total of 2165 patientswere included in this study qualifying inclusion criterion. 8 to 10 mm Arruga’s bone trephine wasused to make osteum in lacrimal bone and passage in the nasal mucosa. The anterior margin of thelateral side of the remaining sac was sutured to the subcutaneous tissue of the medial side adjacentto the nasal osteotomy. Syringing with 1 ml of 0.4 mg/ ml MMC was done in the newly formedpassage on the 5th post-operative day. These patients were followed up for one year. The successcriteria were symptomatic relief from epiphora subjectively. Objectively a patent nasolacrimal ductupon syringing and Nasal endoscopy. Results: 2136 (out of 2165) patients' eyes treated with thisprocedure showed resolution of epiphora with a success rate of 98.66%. Conclusion: The currentstudy suggest that DCR without flap making is an effective and easy procedure in the managementof NLDO obstruction and flap making is a futile step in the procedure as it has no impact on theoutcome.

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Analysis of skull morphometric characters in diurnal raptors (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes)

Ornis Hungarica ◽

10.2478/orhu-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 117-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tibor Pecsics ◽

Miklós Laczi ◽

Gergely Nagy ◽

Tamás Kondor ◽

Tibor Csörgő

Keyword(s):

Relative Size ◽

Principal Component ◽

Prey Preference ◽

Skull Morphology ◽

Geometric Morphometric ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Lacrimal Bone ◽

Physical Attributes ◽

Predatory Birds ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Diurnal birds of prey (Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) has traditionally been known as comprising a single order. Recently, this classification has been used in the non-taxonomic sense as referring to a convergent group of birds that are largely classified as predatory birds. Although these birds are similar in their morphology, the species differ in their foraging methods and prey preference. The cranial shape and the physical attributes determine the efficiency of the resource use. The aim of this study is to increase our knowledge of the relationship between skull shape, prey preference, and foraging habits. A geometric morphometric approach was used to analyse two-dimensional cranial landmarks. We used principal component (PC) analyses on measurements that may be related to prey preference and foraging habits. The PCs are resulted described the relative height of the skull and beak, the variation in the relative size, the orientation and robustness of the lacrimal bone, the variation in the relative size of the neurocranium compared to the viscerocranium, and the orientation of the palatine bone. The dietary categories significantly overlap. The skull morphology reflects more on foraging habits than diet or prey preference.

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10.53347/rid-46974 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Craig Hacking ◽

Nafisa Batta

Keyword(s):

Lacrimal Bone

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Sphyraena stellata, a new barracuda from the Indo-Pacific, with redescriptions of S. helleri Jenkins, 1901 and S. novaehollandiae Günther, 1860 (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4772.3.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4772 (3) ◽

pp. 545-566 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

SATOSHI MORISHITA ◽

HIROYUKI MOTOMURA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Lateral Line ◽

Standard Length ◽

Sensory Canal ◽

Dorsal Fin ◽

Fin Ray ◽

Lacrimal Bone ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

Gill Raker ◽

Pelvic Fin

A new barracuda, Sphyraena stellata, is described on the basis of 41 specimens [98.0–587.0 mm standard length (SL)] collected from the Indo-Pacific. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners in having the following combination of characters: one gill raker on first gill arch; pelvic-fin insertion located slightly before vertical through first dorsal-fin origin; pored lateral-line scales 134–141 (modally 137), total lateral-line scales 139–148 (146); scales above and below lateral line 15–17 (15) and 14–16 (15), respectively; snout comparatively short, its length 13.6–15.8 (mean 14.4) % SL; upper jaw short, its posterior tip not reaching to below anterior nostril, its length 10.0–12.2 (10.8) % SL; eye small, orbit diameter and depth 4.3–7.0 (4.9) and 3.9–5.6 (4.5) % SL, respectively; anal-fin base shortish, its length 6.9–8.1 (7.5) % SL; last dorsal- and anal-fin ray lengths 4.0–5.6 (4.7) and 3.6–5.6 (4.6) % SL, respectively; anus not close to anal-fin origin, anterior and posterior margins of former to anal-fin origin 7.5–11.9 (9.9) and 5.2–8.3 (6.8) % of head length, respectively; head sensory canal pores on suborbital area simple or slightly branched, their lowermost parts not close to margin of lacrimal bone, large smooth area lacking canal pores on mid-margin of lacrimal bone; two yellow stripes on lateral surface of body (remaining as black stripes in preserved specimens); and caudal fin gray. In addition, S. helleri Jenkins, 1901 and S. novaehollandiae Günther, 1860, both being closely related to the new species, are redescribed on the basis of 4 (243.3–545.8 mm SL) and 15 (270.8–598.0 mm SL) specimens, including holotypes, respectively, with new diagnostic characters proposed for both species.

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