Change to win - flapless external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR)

Introduction: Nasolacrimal Duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common ophthalmic problem and theusual Treatment is Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), either external or endonasal. This study aims toevaluate the success of external DCR with neither anterior nor posterior flaps with Mitomycin c(MMC) syringing on the 5th post-operative day (early proliferative phase of wound healing). It wasshown in the present study that a comparable good result can be achieved without tedious flapsmaking and anastomosis. Material and Methods: It is a retrospective, non-comparativeobservational Case series study done from March 2011 to August 2019. A total of 2165 patientswere included in this study qualifying inclusion criterion. 8 to 10 mm Arruga’s bone trephine wasused to make osteum in lacrimal bone and passage in the nasal mucosa. The anterior margin of thelateral side of the remaining sac was sutured to the subcutaneous tissue of the medial side adjacentto the nasal osteotomy. Syringing with 1 ml of 0.4 mg/ ml MMC was done in the newly formedpassage on the 5th post-operative day. These patients were followed up for one year. The successcriteria were symptomatic relief from epiphora subjectively. Objectively a patent nasolacrimal ductupon syringing and Nasal endoscopy. Results: 2136 (out of 2165) patients' eyes treated with thisprocedure showed resolution of epiphora with a success rate of 98.66%. Conclusion: The currentstudy suggest that DCR without flap making is an effective and easy procedure in the managementof NLDO obstruction and flap making is a futile step in the procedure as it has no impact on theoutcome.

OUTCOME OF INITIAL 100 CASES OF ENDOSCOPIC DACRYOCYSTORHINOSTOMY IN KIRKUK

This study aimed at determining the effect and safety of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (ENDO-DCR) in initial 100 cases of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. This study was done in Kirkuk general hospital from 2010 to 2017 with a total of 100 cases. A standardized method was applied to all cases through employing an endonasal technique to the lachrymal sac. Then, an operative resection was applied to the mucosa of nose, lacrimal bone and a part of the anterior maxilla. Next, a complete removal of the medial wall of the lacrimal sac was done. A tube of canalicular silicone intubation was placed for 6 months after operation. The key results of such measures were epiphora resolution, lack of discharge and clearness of the ostium. The success of ENDO-DCR method with adjunctive tube of canalicular silicon intubation was demonstrated in 80 cases (80%) and 10 cases represented acceptable improvements. However, there were minor complications faced during or after operation period. Finaly Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a safe and effective method for treating nasolacrimal duct obstruction in adults and children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction and epiphora.

Growth and development of lacrimal bone in the postnatal period of Baсtrian camel

This article provides a mathematical analysis of the morphometric study of the lacrimal bone of a Bactrian camel in an age aspect. The results of changes in the growth rate and development of the lacrimal bone of a camel are reliable and correspond to changes in other anatomical formations and bones of the facial part of the head depending on the age period of the animal’s life, and under various physiological and physical stresses in the postnatal period.

Review of the Scorpaena papillosa species complex (Teleostei: Scorpaenidae) with description of a new species from southwestern Australia

A taxonomic review of the Scorpaena papillosa species complex, defined here as having 10 dorsal-fin soft rays, coronal spines, and two upwardly directed spines on the lacrimal bone, resulted in the recognition of two species and two subspecies, Scorpaena papillosa (Schneider & Forster, 1801) including two subspecies, i.e., S. papillosa papillosa (New Zealand) and S. papillosa ergastulorum Richardson, 1842a (southeastern Australia), and S. vesperalis n. sp. (southwestern Australia). Scorpaena p. papillosa and S. p. ergastulorum, are redescribed, with designation of a neotype for S. p. papillosa. Scorpaena vesperalis n. sp., described from coastal waters off southwestern Western Australia on the basis of 57 specimens, is characterized as follows: pectoral-fin rays 14–16; longitudinal scale rows 37–41; body depth 32.3–39.5 % of SL; upper-jaw length 19.6–22.5 % of SL; maxilla depth 5.7–7.3 % of SL; postorbital length 18.2–21.3 % of SL; least distance between interorbital ridges 1.4–2.7 % of SL; 1st anal-fin spine length 7.2–10.0 % of SL; anterior lacrimal spine simple, without additional small spinous points on its posterior margin; a single united pore behind the lower jaw symphysial knob; relatively large supraocular tentacle; all fins of preserved specimens usually uniformly whitish to translucent; and small body size (maximum recorded length 67.6 mm SL). The new species is likely endemic to southwestern Australia. Morphological ontogenetic changes in the relative lengths of some body proportions in the three taxa are also discussed.

Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction: An Unusual Presentation of Sarcoidosis

Lacrimal drainage system disorders leading to epiphora are a common ophthalmologic complaint. When such a patient is identified, the ophthalmologist frequently collaborates with the otolaryngologist to perform a dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR). In rare cases, sinonasal sarcoidosis may lead to nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLD) and dacryocystitis. A 48-year-old Caucasian female was referred to the Otolaryngology clinic for evaluation of a 6-month history of persistent right-sided nasal obstruction and epiphora. After physical examination and computerized tomography (CT) scan, she was diagnosed with right NLD with dacryocystitis. The patient underwent right endoscopic DCR. Pathology from the lacrimal bone and nasal tissue demonstrated noncaseating granulomas suggestive of sarcoidosis. Postoperative evaluation including lung CT scan confirmed systemic sarcoidosis. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction very rarely is the presenting symptom in patients with sarcoidosis. Imaging is necessary to rule out other causes of NLD, and histopathology is essential for diagnosis. Noncaseating granulomas are found along the nasal tissue and lacrimal sac, specifically in the subepithelial layer. Treatment consists of DCR, either endoscopic or external. Both approaches achieve long-lasting resolution of symptoms but may require revision from inflammation and scarring. There is no consensus on the use of intraoperative or postoperative steroids.

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF LACRIMAL BONE OF BACTRIAN CAMEL

Spackled yellows of wheat leaves is caused by pathogen Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Died.) Drechs.). This is a widespread disease and in addition to wheat, the pathogen affects more than 60 species of cereals and wild relatives. The review presents spread of pathogen in the world and in Russia, its biological features and injurousness, which is associated with reduction of yields up to 60% in the years of its epiphytotic development. Special attention is paid to the racial composition of P. tritici-repentis in various geographical zones and the heterogeneity of the distribution of races in the world. The most common races of spacled yellows pathogen are races 1 (Tox A, Tox C), 2 (Tox A), 7 (Tox A, Tox B), 8 (Tox A, Tox B, Tox C). The formation of atypical races that cannot be referred to the existing classification is noted, which indicates high adaptive properties of the phytopathogen. At present, ubiquitousness of fungus, its high adaptive abilities, saturation of crop rotations with grain crops, cultivation of unstable varieties, minimization of soil cultivation and other reasons will contribute to further spread of the harmful disease, which actualizes the need to develop integrated systems for protecting crops from spackled yellows pathogen.

Skull morphometric characters in parrots (Psittaciformes)

Parrots (Psittaciformes) are a unique and diverse avian group and vary tremendously in size, shape, and colour. Mainly distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics, most species of parrots are largely or exclusively arboreal with several exceptions. The species also differ in diet and habitat, which led to different musculoskeletal adaptations of the skull. However, parrots have conspicuous generalized external features; in this recent study, we tried to increase our knowledge of the cranial shape and foraging habits. A geometric morphometric approach was used to analyse two-dimensional cranial landmarks. We used principal component (PC) analyses on measurements that may be related to diet. The PCs described the relative height of the cranium, the relative length and curvature of the beak, differences in the orientation and curvature of the lacrimal bone and the upper margin of orbits, variation in the size and position of the palatine bone and the relative width of the cranium, and variation in the relative size of the neurocranium compared to the viscerocranium. The dietary categories overlap in the morphospace but the analysis in lateral and ventral view resulted in significant differences.

Sphyraena stellata, a new barracuda from the Indo-Pacific, with redescriptions of S. helleri Jenkins, 1901 and S. novaehollandiae Günther, 1860 (Perciformes: Sphyraenidae)

A new barracuda, Sphyraena stellata, is described on the basis of 41 specimens [98.0–587.0 mm standard length (SL)] collected from the Indo-Pacific. The new species can be distinguished from all congeners in having the following combination of characters: one gill raker on first gill arch; pelvic-fin insertion located slightly before vertical through first dorsal-fin origin; pored lateral-line scales 134–141 (modally 137), total lateral-line scales 139–148 (146); scales above and below lateral line 15–17 (15) and 14–16 (15), respectively; snout comparatively short, its length 13.6–15.8 (mean 14.4) % SL; upper jaw short, its posterior tip not reaching to below anterior nostril, its length 10.0–12.2 (10.8) % SL; eye small, orbit diameter and depth 4.3–7.0 (4.9) and 3.9–5.6 (4.5) % SL, respectively; anal-fin base shortish, its length 6.9–8.1 (7.5) % SL; last dorsal- and anal-fin ray lengths 4.0–5.6 (4.7) and 3.6–5.6 (4.6) % SL, respectively; anus not close to anal-fin origin, anterior and posterior margins of former to anal-fin origin 7.5–11.9 (9.9) and 5.2–8.3 (6.8) % of head length, respectively; head sensory canal pores on suborbital area simple or slightly branched, their lowermost parts not close to margin of lacrimal bone, large smooth area lacking canal pores on mid-margin of lacrimal bone; two yellow stripes on lateral surface of body (remaining as black stripes in preserved specimens); and caudal fin gray. In addition, S. helleri Jenkins, 1901 and S. novaehollandiae Günther, 1860, both being closely related to the new species, are redescribed on the basis of 4 (243.3–545.8 mm SL) and 15 (270.8–598.0 mm SL) specimens, including holotypes, respectively, with new diagnostic characters proposed for both species.