Review of: "Systemic and local immune response to intraocular AAV vector administration in non-human primates"

Abstract Background In cancer cells, DNA methylation may be altered in two principle ways; global DNA hypomethylation and site-specific CpG island promoter hypermethylation. Since Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1; a repetitive DNA retrotransposon) constitutes a substantial portion (approximately 17%) of the human genome, the extent of LINE-1 methylation is regarded as a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation. In previous studies, we demonstrated that LINE-1 hypomethylation was strongly associated with a poor prognosis in esophageal cancer, supporting its potential role as a prognostic marker (Ann Surg 2012). We also found that LINE-1-hypomethylated tumors showed highly frequent genomic gains at various loci containing candidate oncogenes such as CDK6 (Clin Cancer Res 2014). Given that immunotherapy, as represented by PD-1/PD-L1-targeting antibodies, has increasingly gained attention as a novel treatment strategy for esophageal cancer, better understanding of local immune response status in esophageal cancer is important. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between LINE-1 methylation level and local immune response in esophageal cancer. Methods Using a non-biased database of 305 curatively resected esophageal cancers, we evaluated PD-L1 expression and TIL status (CD8 expression) by immunohistochemical analysis (Ann Surg 2017). Results TIL positivity was significantly correlated with longer overall survival (log-rank P < 0.0001). TIL-negative cases demonstrated significantly lower LINE-1 methylation level compared with TIL-positive cases (P = 0.012). This finding certainly supports that LINE-1 methylation level may influence the local immune response status. Conclusion PD-L1 expression was not related with LINE-1 methylation level. Further investigations in this field would provide deeper insights into esophageal tumor immunology and assist the development of new therapeutic strategies against esophageal cancer. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.

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Interaction of epithelial biomarkers, local immune response and condom use in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2–3 regression

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.09.010 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 127 (3) ◽

pp. 489-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ane Cecilie Munk ◽

Einar Gudlaugsson ◽

Irene Tveiteras Ovestad ◽

Kjell Lovslett ◽

Bent Fiane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Condom Use ◽

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽

Local Immune Response

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The local immune response in ulcerative lesions of Buruli disease

Clinical & Experimental Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03020.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 143 (3) ◽

pp. 445-451 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

A. E. Kiszewski ◽

E. Becerril ◽

L. D. Aguilar ◽

I. T. A. Kader ◽

W. Myers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Local Immune Response ◽

Ulcerative Lesions

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RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS LUNG INFECTION IN INFANTS: IMMUNOREGULATORY ROLE OF INFECTED ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.96.2.391 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 391-391

Author(s):

Leon S. Greos

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽

Lung Injury ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Lung Infection ◽

Local Immune Response ◽

Rsv Infection ◽

Syncytial Virus

Alveolar macrophages are infected by RSV in vivo and coexpress potent immunomodulatory molecules that potentially regulate local immune response or lung injury caused by RSV infection.

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The Local Immune Response in Leprosy

Dermal Immune System ◽

10.1201/9780429261893-16 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 307-325

Author(s):

Jeanne Bertolli ◽

Robert L. Modlin

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Local Immune Response

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Cervicovaginal microbiota and local immune response modulate the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.735377291.793558999 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Bryan Larsen ◽

Abby Lowe

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

Local Immune Response ◽

Spontaneous Preterm Delivery

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Effect of Insect Live Larvae as Environmental Enrichment on Poultry Gut Health: Gut Mucin Composition, Microbiota and Local Immune Response Evaluation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11102819 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2819

Author(s):

Elena Colombino ◽

Ilaria Biasato ◽

Ilario Ferrocino ◽

Sara Bellezza Oddon ◽

Christian Caimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Environmental Enrichment ◽

Staining Intensity ◽

Local Immune Response ◽

Gut Health ◽

Insect Larvae ◽

A Minor ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Caecal Microbiota

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Hermetia illucens (HI) and Tenebrio molitor (TM) live larvae as environmental enrichment on the mucin composition, local immune response and microbiota of broilers. A total of 180 four-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments (six replicates/treatment; ten animals/replicate): (i) control (C); (ii) C+HI; (iii) C+TM. Live larvae were distributed based on 5% of the expected daily feed intake. At slaughter (39 days of age), samples of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (twelve animals/diet) were submitted to mucin histochemical evaluation. Expression of MUC-2 and cytokines was evaluated by rt-qPCR in jejunum. Mucin staining intensity was not influenced by diet (p > 0.05); however, this varied depending on the intestinal segment (p < 0.001). No significant differences were recorded for IL-4, IL-6 TNF-α, MUC-2 and INF-γ gene expression in jejunum, while IL-2 was lower in the TM group compared to HI and C (p = 0.044). Caecal microbiota showed higher abundance of Clostridium, Saccharibacteria and Victivallaceae in the HI group, while Collinsella was higher in the TM group. The results suggested that live insect larvae did not impair mucin composition or local immune response, and can slightly improve caecal microbiota by enhancing a minor fraction of short chain fatty acid-producing taxa.

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