Existential-conflict states of the personality in the aspect of value orientation of adolescents

The crisis of values is pervasive resulting in adverse development in all walks of life. Misra, Srivastava and Gupta (1995) have found that present emphasis on personal growth as opposed to societal development, non-commital attitude, inconsistency in behaviour across situations, increase in violence, corruption, indiscipline and social tension have become parts of the contemporary reality experienced in everyday life of people. There is a progressive erosion of values resulting in public life. Educational institutions are no exception. A proper value system must be inculcated by educational institutions through educational process based on rationality, scientific and moral approach to life. It would be possible to serve the need of the hour through proper value orientation among teacher education programmes.

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Social Value Orientation Modulates Fairness Processing During Social Decision-Making: Evidence From Behavior and Brain Potentials

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience ◽

10.1093/scan/nsab032 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xinmu Hu ◽

Xiaoqin Mai

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Ultimatum Game ◽

Value Orientation ◽

Emotional Reactions ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Social Value ◽

Social Value Orientation ◽

Social Decision ◽

Frontal Negativity ◽

Social Decision Making

Abstract Social value orientation (SVO) characterizes stable individual differences by an inherent sense of fairness in outcome allocations. Using the event-related potential (ERP), this study investigated differences in fairness decision-making behavior and neural bases between individuals with prosocial and proself orientations using the Ultimatum Game (UG). Behavioral results indicated that prosocials were more prone to rejecting unfair offers with stronger negative emotional reactions compared with proselfs. ERP results revealed that prosocials showed a larger P2 when receiving fair offers than unfair ones in a very early processing stage, whereas such effect was absent in proselfs. In later processing stages, although both groups were sensitive to fairness as reflected by an enhanced medial frontal negativity (MFN) for unfair offers and a larger P3 for fair offers, prosocials exhibited a stronger fairness effect on these ERP components relative to proselfs. Furthermore, the fairness effect on the MFN mediated the SVO effect on rejecting unfair offers. Findings regarding emotional experiences, behavioral patterns, and ERPs provide compelling evidence that SVO modulates fairness processing in social decision-making, whereas differences in neural responses to unfair vs. fair offers as evidenced by the MFN appear to play important roles in the SVO effect on behavioral responses to unfairness.

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