“The Lightest Ones of the World and the Greatest Ones of the World” in the Palestinian Traditions of the Mishnaic and Talmudic Periods

This article discusses the development of a rabbinic tradition that draws on verses from Samuel’s speech dealing with the authority of leaders (1 Sam 12:6–11) against the backdrop of rabbinic political circumstances. In its earliest manifestations, this tradition is integrated into a story describing one of the confrontations concerning the determination of the Jewish calendar. These confrontations occurred in the Beit Midrash in Yavne under the leadership of Rabban Gamliel. The article traces the changes the confrontation underwent during the transitions between the different literary genres and suggests that these changes were influenced by the character of the social tension that existed when each genre was redacted. This article deals with the question of authority, power, and leadership in Palestine in the period of the Sages.

The EAEU Demography and Human Capital: Trends and Losses in the Context of a Pandemic

Demographic dynamics becomes crucially important for successful scenario of the future for both Eurasian integration and each EAEU member state. The “pandemic crisis” caused an increase in excess mortality, reduced social well-being and created serious legal and managerial conflicts. Within the EAEU new barriers to mobility and migration have emerged and social tension has increased. In the existing realities the current supranational solutions are insufficient, they are poorly focused on achieving the demographic security of the EAEU member states. Coordinated actions are needed to significantly improve the demographic situation in the EAEU.

FINANCIAL UNAVAILABILITY OF HOUSING IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ITS SOLUTION

The paper deals with the issue of unavailability housing in the Czech Republic, which affects an increasing number of people. As a result of the covid-19 pandemic, there has been a significant increase in property prices and widening the price to income gap, which mainly affects young people. This paper describes the basic causes of this undesirable phenomenon in society and provides recommendations that should be quickly adopted by the state and municipalities to improve the situation as we see a risk of an increase in social tension in society and a deterioration in the availability of employment for low-income professions.

Risiko KDRT terhadap Anak sebagai Dampak Ketegangan Sosial Akibat Pandemi Covid-19

Various drastic and sudden changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have an impact on economic and social implications that affect various aspects of life, including life in the family. Increased social tensions arise in line with economic imbalances and self-isolation as a result of the pandemic, so that it has the potential to create ideal conditions involving Domestic Violence (KDRT) against children by parents. This study sought to monitor this potential by using a survey-based study to determine the relationship between parental experience (n=150) with increased social tension and risky behavior patterns towards children. The results obtained will be analyzed contextually with existing research, namely regarding the factors of Domestic Violence (KDRT) against children. The results obtained indicate a relationship between social tension and risky behavior of parents towards their children. Keywords: Pandemic, domestic violence, social tension Abstract: Berbagai perubahan drastis dan mendadak yang diakibatkan oleh pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada implikasi ekonomi dan sosial yang mempengaruhi beragam aspek kehidupan, termasuk kehidupan dalam keluarga. Peningkatan ketegangan sosial muncul sejalan dengan adanya ketidakseimbangan ekonomi dan isolasi diri yang merupakan dampak dari pandemi, sehingga berpotensi untuk menciptakan kondisi ideal yang melibatkan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) terhadap anak oleh orang tua. Penelitian ini berusaha mengawasi potensi terjadinya hal tersebut dengan menggunakan studi berbasis survei untuk menentukan hubungan antara pengalaman orang tua (n=150) dengan peningkatan ketegangan sosial dan pola perilaku beresiko terhadap anak. Hasil yang didapatkan akan dianalisis secara kontekstual dengan penelitian yang telah ada, yaitu mengenai faktor-faktor Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) terhadap anak. Hasil temuan yang didapatkan menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara ketegangan sosial dan perilaku berisiko orang tua terhadap anak. Kata Kunci: Pandemi, KDRT, ketegangan sosial

Tolerance of uncertainty as a determinant of educators' psychological health in conditions of social tension

Introduction. Social instability increases the importance of tolerance of uncertainty among representatives of different social and professional groups. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, educators' tolerance of uncertainty as a probable determinant of their psychological health is of particular interest for researchers. Aim: to study tolerance of uncertainty as a determinant of educational staff's psychological health in conditions of social tension. Methods: D. McLain's MSTAT-II (adapted by E.M. Osin), T. Galkina & N. Artemtseva's Attitude to Psychological Health Scale, Scale of Positive Mental Health by J. Lukat et al., and Locus of Health Control questionnaire. Results. It was found that the most pronounced components of tolerance of uncertainty were the attitude to novelty and preference of uncertainty. Uncertainty tolerance components affected most aspects of educators' psychological health. Conclusion. Tolerance of uncertainty should be seen as a determinant of educators' psychological health.

On the legal feignfullness in the sanitary and epidemiological sphere against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic

Sanitary and epidemiological processes against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic have confirmed the prevalence of legal feignfullness in Russia. For a long time, legal feignfullness has been officially mentioned only in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and has been assessed by the state and society quite neutrally. The assessment has not changed much even with the recent introduction of administrative responsibility for feigned accounting, although the nominally in this branch of law assessment of legal feignfullness has become negative. Against the background of anti-COVID sanitary and epidemiological measures, the neutral attitude of society to legal feignfullness changed to a negative one and coincided with administrative and legal negative assessment of legal feignfullness. This makes it topical to eliminate the negative consequences of legal feignfullness in the sanitary and epidemiological sphere; to determine the legal means of blocking conflict-causing factors; to prevent new manifestations of legal feignfullness. It is revealed that the high alert mode is largely feigned, covers up a “hybridˮ regime of a dubious legal nature with an unreasonable amount of legal restrictions and insufficient state guarantees. The interpretation of the Presidium of the Supreme Court worsens, in comparison with the law, the legal fate of persons brought to justice for violating the “anti-COVIDˮ rules. All this generates social tension and distrust of the anti-pandemic measures of the state as feigned ones. The article contains recommendations for neutralising the consequences of legal feignfullness. In addition, the increase in social tension against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic further demonstrated the existence of feigned legal phenomena of a general social nature, in particular, in the areas of federalism, legality, as well as solidarity of the state and society.

COVID-19 “Green Pass”: a Lesson on the Proportionality Principle from Galicia

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most dramatic pandemic of the new millennium, and extraordinary measures concerning with health, law and policy are required around the world. One of these is without doubts the “green pass”, officially known in the European Union (EU) as EU Digital COVID Certificate (EUDCC). Initially conceived as a tool for overcoming the lockdown restrictions, it has unexpectedly turned into a means of discrimination between pass holders and non-holders, thus increasing social tension at the expense of solidarity and brotherhood. Here, we analyze in depth the dark sides of the “green pass” in the light of the European and international legislation and of the ongoing pandemic scenario.

A set of instruments to study commercial organization staffʼs leadership qualities

Introduction. Intense activity of commercial organizations in the conditions of constant social changes, competition, and social tension, which were caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, necessitates the development of leadership qualities and skills in the staff of commercial organizations.Aim. To determine a set of instruments to assess commercial organization staffʼs leadership qualities.Results. The set of diagnostic instruments proposed by the author to study commercial organization staff's leadership qualities aims to assess staff's basic leadership qualities, which relate to staffʼs abillity to manage and administer the commercial organization, and the staff's special leadership qualities, whichinclude staffʼs abilities to directly lead in commercial organizations and are made up of staffʼs innovative-creative, partnership, emotion-regulating, and gender-relevant abilities.Conclusions. The set of diagnostic instruments presented in the article and designed to study commercial organization staffʼs leadership qualities can be helpful for organizational psychologists to counsel commercial organizations on the problem of staff's leadership development.

Laughter in the context of urban soundscapes

Fifty people compiled diaries in which they described the sounds of their daily life in cities around the world. Of the 940 hours of observation there were 200 entries that referred to sounds of laughter, both live and recorded. The participants of the research always identified laughter sounds explicitly, unlike other urban sounds. The sound of laughter has a powerful cultural-symbolic superstructure. Learning how we use laughter, what we hear and how we react when someone laughs can help us to understand the key processes taking place in the urban space today. Laughter can at once attract and repel, signal danger and relieve social tension. It can lead equally to social agents’ inclusion and exclusion in the situation of interaction, and can largely determine the form and extent of their inclusion. A citizen’s interpretation of the sound of laughter depends directly on the media technologies which predominate in the urban environment and channel their cultural experience and sonic imagination.

Freedom of Religion in post-secular Australia

Habermas coined the term post-secularism to reflect a time period in which religions are given a more central part in social and political life. Even if there is more openness to religion, many religious groups would claim that Western societies are nevertheless still dominated by secularism and want to ensure that freedom of religion and belief remain protected and promoted. This article explores the recent Australian Religious Freedom Review as a case study of the social tension between freedom for and from religion to argue that we might have moved beyond a post-secular sphere in this country. In this phase, what is meant by freedom of religion has shifted from a focus in having all religious groups being able to freely practice their faith to a focus by some mainstream religions to remain free to discriminate on the basis of their faith.