scholarly journals Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (suggested common name), Homalodisca coagulata (Say) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Conklin ◽  
Russell F. Mizell, III
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata

The glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), is a large leafhopper species native to the southeastern United States. It is one of the main vectors of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, a plant pathogen that causes a variety of plant diseases, including phony peach disease of peach and Pierce's disease of grape. Though usually not a serious pest in the area of its native distribution, the glassy-winged sharpshooter has recently been introduced into southern California, where it has become a serious threat to viticulture due to its ability to vector Pierce's disease.  This document is EENY-274, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: October 2002. Revised: July 2004. EENY-274/IN552: Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (=coagulata) (Germar) (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellinae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Infection of Blueberry Cultivar ‘Emerald’ with a California Pierce’s Disease Strain of Xylella fastidiosa and Acquisition by Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-160
Author(s):  
Lindsey P. Burbank ◽  
Mark S. Sisterson ◽  
Michael L. O’Leary
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Fastidiosa Strain ◽  
Southern Highbush

Bacterial leaf scorch disease caused by Xylella fastidiosa occurs in southern highbush blueberry varieties in the southeastern United States. Susceptibility to X. fastidiosa varies by blueberry cultivar, and these interactions are often strain-specific. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa is the causal agent of Pierce’s disease in grapevines, and it has been problematic in the San Joaquin Valley of California since the introduction of the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis). The glassy-winged sharpshooter is known to feed on blueberry, a crop that is expanding in the San Joaquin Valley. Currently, little is known about the potential for the spread of X. fastidiosa between grape and blueberry in this region. The ability of a Pierce’s disease strain of X. fastidiosa from the San Joaquin Valley to cause disease in southern highbush blueberry and the potential for the glassy-winged sharpshooter to transmit X. fastidiosa between blueberry and grapevine were investigated. Experimental inoculations showed that the X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa strain Bakersfield-1 can cause disease in blueberry cv. Emerald, and that the glassy-winged sharpshooter can acquire X. fastidiosa from artificially inoculated blueberry plants under laboratory conditions. Understanding the possibility for X. fastidiosa strains from the San Joaquin Valley to infect multiple crops grown in proximity is important for area-wide pest and disease management.

scholarly journals Xylella Fastidiosa Diseases and Their Leafhopper Vectors

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell F. Mizell ◽  
Peter C. Andersen ◽  
Christopher Tipping ◽  
Brent Brodbeck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Xylem Tissue

As its name implies, Xylella fastidiosa is a fastidious (hard to culture), bacterium that resides in the plant xylem tissue. It is vectored (spread) almost exclusively by xylem feeding leafhoppers. Strains of this bacterium are the causal agent of phony peach disease (PPD), plum leaf scald, Pierce's disease (PD) of grapes, citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), and leaf scorch of almond, coffee, elm, oak, oleander pear, and sycamore. Diseases caused byX.Fastidiosa are most prevalent in the southeastern United States, but may also occur in California, southern Ontario, and the southern midwestern states. This document is ENY-683, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Publication date: October 2003. ENY-683/IN174: Xylella Fastidiosa Diseases and Their Leafhopper Vectors (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction for One-Hour On-Site Diagnosis of Pierce's Disease of Grape in Early Season Asymptomatic Vines

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. Schaad ◽  
D. Opgenorth ◽  
P. Gaush
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Molecular-based techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can reduce the time needed for diagnosis of plant diseases when compared with classical isolation and pathogenicity tests. However, molecular techniques still require 2 to 3 days to complete. To the best of our knowledge, we describe for the first time a real-time PCR technique using a portable Smart Cycler for one-hour on-site diagnosis of an asymptomatic plant disease. Pierce's disease (PD) of grape, caused by the fastidious bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, causes serious losses in grapes in California and the southeastern United States. The disease has been difficult to diagnose because typical leaf scorching symptoms do not appear until late (June and after) in the season and the organism is very difficult to isolate early in the season. Sap and samples of macerated chips of secondary xylem from trunks of vines were used in a direct real-time PCR without extraction of DNA. Using two different sets of primers and probe, we diagnosed PD in 7 of 27 vines (26%) from four of six vineyards sampled 10 to 12 days after bud break in Kern, Tulare, and Napa counties of California. The diagnosis was confirmed by isolation of Xylella fastidiosa from two of the original PCR positive samples and later from symptomatic leaf petioles of four out of four vines from one vineyard that were originally PCR positive.

scholarly journals Sharpshooters, Leafhoppers, Cicadellidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Tipping ◽  
Russell F. Mizell, III
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
The Family ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata ◽  
Agricultural Sciences ◽  
Hiding Behavior

Sharpshooter is a term commonly used to describe a group of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There have been several explanations for the use of this term. Riley and Howard (1893) first used 'sharpshooter' to describe the feeding damage of the glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca coagulata (Say), on cotton. This damage was caused by the piercing-sucking mouthparts of H. coagulata that appeared to be caused by a 'minute bullet.' They also reported 'rapid and forcible ejection of minute drops of fluid' as another explanation for the use of this term. The term sharpshooter is also attributed to the hiding behavior of these insects when alarmed. Disturbed sharpshooters will slip quickly behind branches and stems to avoid predators, an action not unlike the behavior of army sharpshooter riflemen who would hide behind the trunks of trees to avoid detection by the opposition as they passed by their position. This document is EENY-334 , one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: October 2004. EENY-334/IN611: Sharpshooters, Leafhoppers, Cicadellidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae) (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals New, Emerging, and Threatening Plant Diseases and Crop Biosecurity

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Momol ◽  
Jim Marois ◽  
Bob McGovern ◽  
Pam Roberts ◽  
Gail Wisler
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathology ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Pathology Department ◽  
Agricultural Sciences

This document is Fact Sheet PP195, one of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published April 2003.

scholarly journals Neotropical Deer Ked or Neotropical Deer Louse Fly, Lipoptena mazamae Rondani

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2003 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Kern, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Deer Ked ◽  
Neotropical Deer

The Neotropical deer ked is a common ectoparasite of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the southeastern United States. The louse flies (Hippoboscidae) are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of birds and mammals. Both adult males and females feed on the blood of their host. They are adapted for clinging to and moving through the plumage and pelage of their hosts. Strongly specialized claws help them cling to the hair or feathers of their particular host species. Deer keds have wings when they emerge from their puparium, but lose their wings once they find a host (deer). This document is ENY-686, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. First printed September 2003. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in484

scholarly journals Appearance of Xylella Fastidiosa in Pierce's Disease resistant and Susceptible Grapevines

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 826B-826
Author(s):  
Xia Xu* ◽  
Zhongbo Ren ◽  
Jiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Pierce's Disease ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Pierce’S Disease ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Homalodisca Coagulata ◽  
Hand Symptoms

Pierce's Disease (PD) is a major factor limiting grape production in the southeast United State. This disease is caused by a bacterium, Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., which is transmitted to the xylem system of the grapevines primarily by glassy-winged sharpshooters (Homalodisca coagulata Say). Once it is in the xylem, the X. fastidiosa will use the xylem sap as a nutrient source to multiply, colonize, and eventually plug the xylem vessels and cause the PD in susceptible cultivars. On the other hand, symptoms of PD in tolerant cultivars do not appear until fruit maturation, and symptoms are rarely observed in PD resistant cultivars. In order to understand the correlation between X. fastidiosa and PD symptom development, a study was initialed to monitor X. fastidiosa in xylem of resistant, tolerant, and susceptible vines on a monthly basis. Presence of X. fastidiosa was detected directly from xylem sap of field-grown vines by medium culture and confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Xylella fastidiosa was detectable throughout the growing season in PD susceptible cultivar `Chardonnay', PD tolerant Florida hybrid grape `Blanc du Bois', and muscadine cultivar `Carlos'. The bacteria were also appeared in the dormant vines with high density in cultivars `Chardonnay' and `Blanc du Bios'. Although X. fastidiosa was also found in dormant canes of `Carlos', the density decreased throughout the late fall and winter months, and they were hardly found before June. The results indicated that X. fastidiosa were carried over from previous season in cultivars `Chardonnay' and `Blanc du Bois', while in PD tolerant cultivar `Carlos', they were newly acquired from the sharpshooter feedings during the growing season.

Citrus Diseases Exotic to Florida: Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening)

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Ren Chung ◽  
R. H. Briansky
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Citrus Greening ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Citrus Diseases ◽  
Exotic Pathogens

Citrus is susceptible to a large number of diseases caused by plant pathogens. Economic losses due to plant diseases can be severe, but fortunately, not all pathogens attacking citrus are present in Florida. There are other serious, exotic pathogens that have not been introduced into Florida. This paper will discuss Huanglongbing (HLB), also commonly called citrus greening. This document is PP-210, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date June 2005.

scholarly journals Redbanded Hairstreak, Calycopis cecrops (Fabricius) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2002 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Hall ◽  
Jerry F. Butler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Agricultural Sciences

The redbanded hairstreak is a very attractive butterfly and is one of our most common hairstreaks throughout the southeastern United States in dry open woods and wooded neighborhoods. This document is EENY-108, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date August 1999. Reviewed May 2003.  https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in265

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