scholarly journals From frontier military post to Hong Ngu district-level town

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Truong Kim Do
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
District Level ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sea Area

Hong Ngu Town is currently the only town of Dong Thap Province. Place name Hung Ngu dates back from early times and was officially recorded in many of Nguyen Dysnasty’s historical records. The place name Hong Ngu originated from Hung Ngu which was the name of the Nguyen Lords’ army troup assigned to guard the border and to collect taxes. The place where the Nguyen Lords’s army troup stationed was named Bao Hung Ngu. The land was garrisoned by the army troup of the same name. Through long-time contact, the land’s name was set as Hung Ngu. For convenience of sound pronunciation, “hung” was pronounced a little bit inclined to “hong”; thereby, “hung ngu” to “hong ngu”. The place name Hung Ngu (now called Hong Ngu) may have been formed in the late 18th Century or the early 19th Century. Bao Hung Ngu troup originally stationed at Rach Doc Vang rivulet mouth (at Thanh Binh rural district), then moved to the lower shore of Hiep An river, now is the Mekong resort of Dong Thap Tourist Company. Over 200 years, Hong Ngu constantly developed. It took 85 years sharp for the frontier military post in the Nguyen Lords’ times to become an administrative unit at rural district level (1029); now it has been the district-level town of the province for 5 years (2009-2014). The paper points out the continuity of the formation and development process as mentioned above. Hong Ngu continues to rise to become an urban area and the clue of an economic focal point of the North of Dong Thap Province, and towards the near future, a city in the sea area.

scholarly journals 'Krojenje' in Serbian chant: Application of cognitive structural models of improvisation

New Sound ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Marina Marković ◽  
Blanka Bogunović
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Inherent Feature ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Long Time

Serbian chant, which was formed on the territory of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci in the late 18th century, has been transmitted primarily by oral tradition for a long time, despite numerous attempts to make church melodies available for liturgical use by producing miscellaneous collections. In the process of the oral transmission of the melodies belonging to the so-called short chant (i. e. less melismatic chant), hymns of the Osmoglasnik (Octoechos) serve as a basis for krojenje (literally: tailoring), which means the adaptation of the melody to a text. Since the procedure of krojenje involves simultaneously detaching Osmoglasnik melodies from their original texts and attaching them to the texts from other liturgical books without notation and realized orally, improvisation is an inherent feature of the krojenje process. Improvisation is an integral part of the creative procedure during the act of performing, even in cases when the musical work is not altogether created by improvisation, as is the case with hymns of contemporary Serbian chant. The relation between krojenje and certain levels of creation, initiated our interdisciplinary - musicological and psychological - research, with the aim of determining the structure of the improvisational process in shaping the melodies in Serbian chant, based on the analysis and application of musical-cognitive structural models.

Saint-Louis, Senegal

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Everill
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Senegal River ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
The North ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century

Saint-Louis is an island at the mouth of the Senegal River. Called Ndar by local Wolof speakers, the island became the focal point of French (and for a time, British) commercial and political activities in the region. The French established a fort on the north side of the island in 1659. The island passed back and forth between French and British authority throughout the 18th century, with France regaining the colony finally in 1817, at which point it became the administrative center of the colony of Senegal. Men and women from the mainland also moved to the island, and by the late 18th century it had grown into an important commercial hub of the trade in enslaved captives, as well as, increasingly, gum. Crucial to the conduct of trade and the running of the island were the group of women called signares, many of whom were married to French or British traders, and their descendants, who came to be called habitants. As the slave trade was replaced by gum trading and, later, groundnuts, the habitants managed their position as middlemen and women between the hinterland production and French traders. Senegal’s commerce, and the role of Saint-Louis in mediating it, make up a large part of the literature on Saint-Louis’s place in the Atlantic world. By 1848, with the abolition of enslaved labor in the French empire, new debates about Senegalese participation in the governance of Saint-Louis were emerging. Habitants had participated in partial governance of the colony, with the first habitant mayor of Saint-Louis elected in 1778. As the capital of the expanding French empire in West Africa it became an important site of political activity, in addition to its military and (declining) commercial roles. The result of these debates was the partial enfranchisement of newly created French citizens in the quatre communes of Saint-Louis, Gorée, Dakar, and Rufisque in 1848. Senegal first sent an elected representative to the French parliament from 1848 to 1852, again from 1871 to 1875, and then from 1879 to 1940. In 1916, citizenship rights were extended beyond the évolué populations to the wider group of originaires who maintained legal protections under Islamic or African law. Participation and resistance in the imperial project thus emerge as major themes of the literature on later-19th- and 20th-century Saint-Louis. Throughout the whole period of Atlantic engagement, the existence of Islamic reform movements in the wider Senegambian region played an important role in the politics and social movements of Saint-Louis’s hinterland in ways that shaped the city’s relationship with both the French and the Islamic reformers.

scholarly journals Translating Representations: Orientalism in the Colonial Indian Province of Bengal (1770s-1830s)

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Larocque
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Relations Of Power

The late 18th century to early 19th century British conquest into the Indian province of Bengal provides a fascinating study of the influence of translation and printing on the colonial relationship. Translation, as a form of representation, is yet another lens through which we can analyze Edward Said‟s concept of Orientalism (colonizer/colonized relationships) and witness the complexities and consequences that can result when individuals reinforce and/or subvert these „relations of power.‟

G.R. Derzhavin’s personal library as a reflection of poet’s literary interests and artistic creativity

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Zhitin ◽  
Aleksey G. Topilsky
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Reading Interests ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
Instance Analysis

We study G.R. Derzhavin's personal library. The study is relevant due to the high historical and cultural significance of Gavriil Romanovich’s book collections. Reconstruction of his original collection – one of the most important areas of research of book culture of the late 18th century and, of course, the key story of the study of poet creativity sources. We analyze the thematic diversity of the preserved books, the history of the Derzhavin collection, its fate after the death of G.R. Derzhavin. Derzhavin’s library was transferred to D.V. Polenov – well-known diplomat and bibliophile of his time, and then entered the Naryshkin special library of Tambov. The study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the transferred collections allowed to establish the safety of 293 volumes from his collection. The collection is distinguished by special brown leather bindings with flyleaf of decorative paper (presumably handmade), a lot of tray copies. Part of the journals convolutes from Derzhavin’s collection are bound in hard cardboard paper with a rectangular label-sticker of the early 19th century, reflecting the name of the journal, the year of publication and superexlibris “G. D.” (Gavriil Derzhavin). Analysis of Derzhavin's books from the library demonstrated a significant diversity of reading interests of G.R. Derzhavin. His library has preserved many rare lifetime copies of odes, letters, epigrams, messages of famous authors of the 18th century, a huge number of periodicals. The method of instance analysis of literature made it possible to identify and analyze the author’s marginalia on the poet’s books, their significance for the characteristics of the poet’s literary work.

THE LIPIZZANER IN ITALY

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
A. Borghese
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Original Stock ◽  
The North ◽  
Extensive Grazing

SUMMARYThe Lipizzaner is one of Europe's most ancient breeds; its history goes back to the early 16th century The original stock came from the North of Italy and Spain; six male lines introduced in the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century, from Naples, the Austro-Hungarian empire, Denmark and Arabia upgraded the breed to its actual standard. The Italian national stud of Montemaggiore is perpetrating the Lipizzaner tradition. The horses are kept under extensive grazing conditions and all six “families” (Napolitano,Conversaro, Favory, Pluto, Maestoso and Siglavy) are present.

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