scholarly journals 'Krojenje' in Serbian chant: Application of cognitive structural models of improvisation

New Sound ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Marina Marković ◽  
Blanka Bogunović
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Musical Work ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Inherent Feature ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Long Time

Serbian chant, which was formed on the territory of the Metropolitanate of Karlovci in the late 18th century, has been transmitted primarily by oral tradition for a long time, despite numerous attempts to make church melodies available for liturgical use by producing miscellaneous collections. In the process of the oral transmission of the melodies belonging to the so-called short chant (i. e. less melismatic chant), hymns of the Osmoglasnik (Octoechos) serve as a basis for krojenje (literally: tailoring), which means the adaptation of the melody to a text. Since the procedure of krojenje involves simultaneously detaching Osmoglasnik melodies from their original texts and attaching them to the texts from other liturgical books without notation and realized orally, improvisation is an inherent feature of the krojenje process. Improvisation is an integral part of the creative procedure during the act of performing, even in cases when the musical work is not altogether created by improvisation, as is the case with hymns of contemporary Serbian chant. The relation between krojenje and certain levels of creation, initiated our interdisciplinary - musicological and psychological - research, with the aim of determining the structure of the improvisational process in shaping the melodies in Serbian chant, based on the analysis and application of musical-cognitive structural models.

scholarly journals From frontier military post to Hong Ngu district-level town

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-28
Author(s):  
Truong Kim Do
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
District Level ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Administrative Unit ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Sea Area

Hong Ngu Town is currently the only town of Dong Thap Province. Place name Hung Ngu dates back from early times and was officially recorded in many of Nguyen Dysnasty’s historical records. The place name Hong Ngu originated from Hung Ngu which was the name of the Nguyen Lords’ army troup assigned to guard the border and to collect taxes. The place where the Nguyen Lords’s army troup stationed was named Bao Hung Ngu. The land was garrisoned by the army troup of the same name. Through long-time contact, the land’s name was set as Hung Ngu. For convenience of sound pronunciation, “hung” was pronounced a little bit inclined to “hong”; thereby, “hung ngu” to “hong ngu”. The place name Hung Ngu (now called Hong Ngu) may have been formed in the late 18th Century or the early 19th Century. Bao Hung Ngu troup originally stationed at Rach Doc Vang rivulet mouth (at Thanh Binh rural district), then moved to the lower shore of Hiep An river, now is the Mekong resort of Dong Thap Tourist Company. Over 200 years, Hong Ngu constantly developed. It took 85 years sharp for the frontier military post in the Nguyen Lords’ times to become an administrative unit at rural district level (1029); now it has been the district-level town of the province for 5 years (2009-2014). The paper points out the continuity of the formation and development process as mentioned above. Hong Ngu continues to rise to become an urban area and the clue of an economic focal point of the North of Dong Thap Province, and towards the near future, a city in the sea area.

scholarly journals Sciences of walking: a history of locomotion research

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

Most people consider walking to be a natural and self-evident activity of everyday life. However, this familiarity turns out to be fragile in the face of the question "Do you know how you walk?" The mechanism of walking has puzzled scientists, doctors and writers for a long time. In my book Wissenschaft vom Gehen (Fischer, 2013), I have tried to provide a historical account of those forms of investigations of the human gait, some of the famous, others marginal and largely forgotten, that emerged at the intersection of a variety of disciplines (physiology, neurology, orthopedic surgery, anthropology, psychiatry) since the late 18th century. In my paper, I retrace – in five steps – the historical career of the sciences of walking throughout the 19th century.

THE ARTISTIC DECORATION OF NORTHERN MANUSCRIPTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Nenasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
King David ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Handwritten Text ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Liturgical Texts ◽  
Russian North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The One ◽  
Xix Century

For a long time Russian manuscript book has been famous for its rich artistic design. Miniatures containing parts of liturgical texts, sermons, saints’ lives, richly decorated miniatures, initials have changed over time, so they help to date a manuscript. The article studies the artistic design of northern manuscripts in order to figure out a more accurate date of the source. The subjects of the study are liturgical and theological books from the collection of the Arkhangelsk Museum Association “Russian North artistic culture”, created in the XV–XIX centuries. All researched manuscripts are written on paper and all of them are not dated, therefore the date of writing a book is first determined by paper signs, which is then confirmed by other facts, namely by drawings written at the same time as the main text. In “Prologue”, created at the end of the 15th century, the scribe uses the Balkan ornament, which was popular in Russian books of the second half of the 15th and 16th centuries. On the sheets with miniatures there are also large initials of the Balkan type. The “Psalter” of the late 18th century was copied from the printed edition of 1651. It contains the unfinished design of King David copied from the printed edition evidenced by the artist’s manner of performing this image. Some of the manuscripts are decorated by scribes with drawings copied or taken from printed editions of the same period as the book. Thus, in the collection of the early XIX century (a “white” date on paper – 1815) there is a miniature that occurs in such printed editions as “The Life of Basil the New”, 1792–1795 and 1801, or “Psalter” 1802–1803, 1812–1814 years. In the collection of the museum there are books consisting of printed and handwritten sheets, restored instead of lost printed ones. For example, in the “Tablet” of Patriarch Nikon, published in 1656, the text was restored by hand on several pages at the beginning of the 18th century that is determined by the paper signs on the pages of the book. On the one of the manuscript sheets there is a miniature taken from a printed source and pasted into the text. Such an ornament is found, for example, in the Minne December 1714. These data show that the handwritten text and design were made at one time. The collection of the museum contains several bright books, richly decorated with Pomor ornament, which was popular in Old Believers' manuscripts written in the Russian North, near the White Sea, in the second half of the 17th and 19th centuries. The Pomor ornament is noted in the books that were created in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, and is no longer found in manuscripts of late writing, which also indicates that a text and a décor of the book were made the same time. Thereby, the studied material helped to confirm the dates of the creation of the manuscripts, and also showed once again that when the source is dated, all the data in the book are taken into account.

scholarly journals Sciences of walking: a history of locomotion research

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Orthopedic Surgery ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

Most people consider walking to be a natural and self-evident activity of everyday life. However, this familiarity turns out to be fragile in the face of the question "Do you know how you walk?" The mechanism of walking has puzzled scientists, doctors and writers for a long time. In my book Wissenschaft vom Gehen (Fischer, 2013), I have tried to provide a historical account of those forms of investigations of the human gait, some of the famous, others marginal and largely forgotten, that emerged at the intersection of a variety of disciplines (physiology, neurology, orthopedic surgery, anthropology, psychiatry) since the late 18th century. In my paper, I retrace – in five steps – the historical career of the sciences of walking throughout the 19th century.

Nature, poetry and medicine in late 18th century England: a unified perspective of Erasmus Darwin

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-537
Author(s):  
M. McNEIL
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Nature Poetry ◽  
Medicine And Philosophy ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
Lunar Society Of Birmingham ◽  
Organizational Principles ◽  
Century Science ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

Erasmus Darwin was the focus and embodiment of provincial England in his day. Renowned as a physician, he spent much of his life at Lichfield. He instigated the founding of the Lichfield Botanic Society, which provided the first English translation of the works of Linnaeus, and established a botanic garden; the Lunar Society of Birmingham; the Derby Philosophical Society; and two provincial libraries. A list of Darwin's correspondents and associates reads like a "who's who" of eighteenth century science, industry, medicine and philosophy. His poetry was also well received by his contemporaries and he expounded the evolutionary principles of life. Darwin can be seen as an English equivalent of Lamarck, being a philosopher of nature and human society. His ideas have been linked to a multitude of movements, including the nosological movement in Western medicine, nineteenth century utilitarianism, Romanticism in both Britain and Germany, and associationist psychology. The relationships between various aspects of Darwin's interests and the organizational principles of his writings were examined. His poetical form and medical theory were not peripheral to his study of nature but intrinsically linked in providing his contemporaries with a panorama of nature. A richer, more integrated comprehension of Erasmus Darwin as one of the most significant and representative personalities of his era was presented.

Rediscovering Blackstone: wpływ Williama Blackstone’a na rozwój amerykańskiej nauki prawa w recepcji Alberta W. Alschulera

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Author(s):  
Edyta Sokalska
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Law School ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
American Colonies ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
American Law ◽  
The Common

The reception of common law in the United States was stimulated by a very popular and influential treatise Commentaries on the Laws of England by Sir William Blackstone, published in the late 18th century. The work of Blackstone strengthened the continued reception of the common law from the American colonies into the constituent states. Because of the large measure of sovereignty of the states, common law had not exactly developed in the same way in every state. Despite the fact that a single common law was originally exported from England to America, a great variety of factors had led to the development of different common law rules in different states. Albert W. Alschuler from University of Chicago Law School is one of the contemporary American professors of law. The part of his works can be assumed as academic historical-legal narrations, especially those concerning Blackstone: Rediscovering Blackstone and Sir William Blackstone and the Shaping of American Law. Alschuler argues that Blackstone’s Commentaries inspired the evolution of American and British law. He introduces not only the profile of William Blackstone, but also examines to which extent the concepts of Blackstone have become the basis for the development of the American legal thought.

Praktiken zur Autonomie

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Carolin Rocks
Keyword(s):  
Good Life ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Ethical Practices ◽  
Karl Philipp Moritz ◽  
Late 18Th Century

"Praktiken zur Autonomie Zu Moritz’ Über die bildende Nachahmung des Schönen Karl Philipp Moritz’ Über die bildende Nachahmung des Schönen (1788) gilt als der autonomieästhetischeProgrammtext in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts. DerAufsatz stellt diese ästhetikgeschichtliche Klassifikation nicht in Frage, zeigt aber,dass die im Kern unbestreitbar kunstmetaphysische Argumentation über ethischePraktiken begründet wird. Diese Praktiken nehmen in der Arbeit an der Autonomieeinen so entscheidenden Stellenwert ein, dass sich eine heteronomieästhetischeGrundierung der Moritz’schen Kunsttheorie aufweisen lässt. Diese tritt hervor,wenn man den Fokus darauf richtet, wie Ethik und Ästhetik zueinander insVerhältnis gesetzt werden: Moritz verpflichtet die autonome Kunst nicht einfachauf moralische Normen oder soziale Funktionen, modelliert aber den genialenKünstler als Praktiker, als ›Hand-Werker‹, dessen künstlerische Produktivität immerschon einem ›guten Leben‹ zuarbeitet. Der Aufsatz demonstriert, wie Moritz ineinem eigenwilligen Begriffsspiel mit dem Schönen und dem Guten ›Nachahmung‹neu entwirft als auf Moralität zusteuernde ästhetische Praxis. Diese praxeologischeGrundlage der Argumentation wirft zusätzlich ein neues Licht auf Moritz’ Rezeptionneuplatonistischer Philosopheme. Karl Philipp Moritz’s »Über die bildende Nachahmung des Schönen« (1788) is regarded asone of the key texts of autonomous aesthetics from the late 18th century. This article doesnot challenge this classification. Instead, it argues that Moritz’s metaphysics of art is foundedupon ethical practices. These practices are so essential to his conception, that one can show thatit is also based on heteronomous aesthetics. This aspect of his argument emerges from how herelates ethics to aesthetics. Moritz does not simply reduce autonomous art to moral norms orsocial functions. Instead he portrays the ingenious artist as an artisan (›Hand-Werker‹) whoseaesthetic productivity serves a ›good life‹. This article therefore demonstrates how Moritz playswith the concepts of the beauty and the good in order to remodel mimesis as an aesthetic practicethat significantly contributes to morality. Finally, by emphasising this praxeological foundationof Moritz’s argument, one can also reconsider his reception of Neo-Platonism "

The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (1880-1910)

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Salahudeen Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Intellectual Honesty ◽  
The People ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
External Threat ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

The history of Islam in part of what is known today as Nigeria datesto about the loth Century. Christianity dates to the late 18th Century. Bythe middle of the 19th Century, when Nigerian newspapers began to appearon the streets of Nigeria, both religions had won so many followers and extendedto so many places in Nigeria that very few areas were untouched bytheir influence. The impact of both religions on their adherents not only determinedtheir spiritual life, but influenced their social and political lives aswell. It therefore became inevitable that both religions receive coverage frommost of the newspapers of the time. How the newspapers as media of informationand communication reported issues about the two religions is thetheme of this paper.Rationale for the StudyThe purpose of this study is to highlight the context in which such earlynewspapers operated and the factors that dictated their performance. Thisis because it is assumed that when a society faces external threat to its territory,culture, and independence, all hands (the press inclusive) ought tobe on deck to resist the threat with all might. Were newspapers used as verbalartillery and how did they present each religion? It is also assumed thatin a multireligious society a true press should be objective and serve as avanguard in the promotion of the interest of the people in general and notcreate or foster an atmosphere of religious conflict. The study also aims atfinding out whether the papers promoted intellectual honesty and fosteredthe spirit of unity particularly when the society was faced with the encroachmentof the British who posed a threat to their freedom, culture, economy ...

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