G.R. Derzhavin’s personal library as a reflection of poet’s literary interests and artistic creativity

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 558-565
Author(s):  
Ruslan M. Zhitin ◽  
Aleksey G. Topilsky
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Reading Interests ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Personal Library ◽  
Instance Analysis

We study G.R. Derzhavin's personal library. The study is relevant due to the high historical and cultural significance of Gavriil Romanovich’s book collections. Reconstruction of his original collection – one of the most important areas of research of book culture of the late 18th century and, of course, the key story of the study of poet creativity sources. We analyze the thematic diversity of the preserved books, the history of the Derzhavin collection, its fate after the death of G.R. Derzhavin. Derzhavin’s library was transferred to D.V. Polenov – well-known diplomat and bibliophile of his time, and then entered the Naryshkin special library of Tambov. The study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the transferred collections allowed to establish the safety of 293 volumes from his collection. The collection is distinguished by special brown leather bindings with flyleaf of decorative paper (presumably handmade), a lot of tray copies. Part of the journals convolutes from Derzhavin’s collection are bound in hard cardboard paper with a rectangular label-sticker of the early 19th century, reflecting the name of the journal, the year of publication and superexlibris “G. D.” (Gavriil Derzhavin). Analysis of Derzhavin's books from the library demonstrated a significant diversity of reading interests of G.R. Derzhavin. His library has preserved many rare lifetime copies of odes, letters, epigrams, messages of famous authors of the 18th century, a huge number of periodicals. The method of instance analysis of literature made it possible to identify and analyze the author’s marginalia on the poet’s books, their significance for the characteristics of the poet’s literary work.

scholarly journals Botanical Illustration in Britain in the Late 18th Century — Early 19th Century in the Context of the Formation of a Taxonomic Approach to Exploration

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Ю.С. Шипицына
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cultural Standards ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Botanical Illustration ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Botanical Illustrations

В статье исследуется «эра Бэнкса» (1778–1820) как особый период в истории британской науки, когда в центре интеллектуальной жизни империи оказалась ботаника, а ботаническая иллюстрация выступала как ведущий практический инструмент познания. Исследование контекстов и смыслов, возникающих вокруг ботанической иллюстрации, связано с рассмотрением практик научного наблюдения за природой, легитимированных и вместе с тем скованных определенными административными нормами, общекультурными стандартами и ценностными ориентирами своей эпохи. Наиболее влиятельной фигурой по отношению к вышеперечисленным факторам развития ботанической иллюстрации в Британии являлся ботаник Джозеф Бэнкс (1743–1820), президент Лондонского королевского общества с 1778 по 1820 год. Биография Дж. Бэнкса рассматривается нами в контексте его имперских амбиций и интеллектуального окружения. Результаты проведенного исследования позволяют углубить понимание властного дискурса подчинения человеком природы, зарождение которого связано с развитием таксономического подхода и совершенствованием способов визуализации ботанического знания. The article investigates the so called Banks era (1778–1820), a period of the history of British science when botany played a key role in the intellectual life of the British Empire and botanical illustrations were a practical tool in the exploration of the world. The investigation of meanings evoked by botanical illustrations is associated with the investigation of observations which are both legitimatized and limited by certain administrative norms, cultural standards, and values characteristic of an epoch. Joseph Banks (1743–1820), an English botanist and president of the Royal Society (1778–1820), was the most prominent figure to promote botanical illustrations in Britain. The article views the biography of Joseph Banks in the context of his imperial ambitions and his intellectual environment. The results of the research provide insight into the understanding of humanity’s domination of nature, whose origin is associated with the development of a taxonomic approach and the improvement of botanical art techniques.

A Brief Review of the History of Electrotherapy and Its Union with Acupuncture

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander J R Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Dorsal Column ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Dorsal Column Stimulation

This is a brief review of the history of electrotherapy. Pain has been relieved by electricity since ancient times, at first by means of applying live electric fish to the tender part to cause numbness. But once frictional machines were found to produce electro-static electricity (Franklinism) in the mid 18th century the use of living organisms was discontinued. By the late 18th century Galvani had rediscovered the fact that animals developed electricity spontaneously. Volta discovered a chemical means of producing electricity from the first form of battery or voltaic pile without recourse to animal tissues or frictional machines whose efficiency varied with atmospheric conditions. This discovery led to the medical use of direct current (Galvanism). Its ability to cause necrosis by electrolytic means was employed in the destruction of tumours. Galvanism was also applied to needles, hence the first form of electroacupuncture pioneered by Berlioz and Sarlandiére. For the first time the combination of electrotherapy and oriental ideas about needling were brought together. Furthermore these early experimenters showed how stimulation of the nervous system brought profound relief from pain. In the early 19th century Faraday's work on the production of alternating currents and his understanding of electrolysis provided medicine with the escape that was required from the dangers of Galvanism. A variety of safer alternating and interrupted currents (Faradism) have been employed in electrotherapy ever since, particularly in the form of electroacupuncture, TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation) and Dorsal Column Stimulation. The popularity of electrotherapy fell during the early part of the 20th century as no one knew how its effects were obtained. However now we know how afferent nerve fibres respond to different frequencies and amplitudes, electrotherapy permits the modern practitioner to stimulate the nervous system in a number of different ways to induce the selective production of various monoamines, amino acids and peptides in the central nervous system. However more experiments are required to make electrotherapy realise its true potential in stimulating the patient's own pain relieving substances.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

The Portrayal of Islam in Some Early Nigerian Newspapers (1880-1910)

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-328
Author(s):  
Salahudeen Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Intellectual Honesty ◽  
The People ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
External Threat ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Impact

The history of Islam in part of what is known today as Nigeria datesto about the loth Century. Christianity dates to the late 18th Century. Bythe middle of the 19th Century, when Nigerian newspapers began to appearon the streets of Nigeria, both religions had won so many followers and extendedto so many places in Nigeria that very few areas were untouched bytheir influence. The impact of both religions on their adherents not only determinedtheir spiritual life, but influenced their social and political lives aswell. It therefore became inevitable that both religions receive coverage frommost of the newspapers of the time. How the newspapers as media of informationand communication reported issues about the two religions is thetheme of this paper.Rationale for the StudyThe purpose of this study is to highlight the context in which such earlynewspapers operated and the factors that dictated their performance. Thisis because it is assumed that when a society faces external threat to its territory,culture, and independence, all hands (the press inclusive) ought tobe on deck to resist the threat with all might. Were newspapers used as verbalartillery and how did they present each religion? It is also assumed thatin a multireligious society a true press should be objective and serve as avanguard in the promotion of the interest of the people in general and notcreate or foster an atmosphere of religious conflict. The study also aims atfinding out whether the papers promoted intellectual honesty and fosteredthe spirit of unity particularly when the society was faced with the encroachmentof the British who posed a threat to their freedom, culture, economy ...

scholarly journals Néhány megjegyzés Heltai imádságos könyvének utóéletéről

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
The Way

Although in recent years there has been an upsurge in the research of the history of early modern spirituality, this research has paid hardly any attention to the Unitarian denomination. The reasons for this lie beyond the scope of the present study: between the late 16th century and the late 18th century the denomination had to refrain from the use of printing, and thus, the manuscript versions of prayer texts were threatened by loss and destruction. It is a unique paradox, however, that the first edited protestant Hungarian prayer book of considerable length was published precisely by this denomination in 1570/1571. The first part of the paper explores the concept of the prayer book based on Johann Habermann’s famous Gebetbüchlein, and compares it to the greatest achievements of the same sort within this period, the Catholic Péter Pázmány’s and the Calvinist Albert Szenci Molnár’s works. This section is followed by a survey of the vivid reception of Heltai’s work, with particular focus on the way the Unitarian author’s work was used in the Lutheran community of Lőcse. The concluding part argues that building on the foundations of this tradition, as well as on the heritage of Calvinist prayer culture, an unparalleled Unitarian prayer literature developed in the 17th-18th centuries, which deserves the attention of comparative research.

The Public and Economic Activities of the Hִatim Family of Istanbul: A Chapter in the History of the Jewish Leadership in Istanbul and Jerusalem in the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-127
Author(s):  
Leah Bornstein-Makovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article discusses the biographies and economic and public activities of the Ḥatim family in Istanbul in the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century. Most of the attention is focused on R. Shlomo Ḥatim and his son Yitsḥak, who were members of the Jewish elite in Istanbul and settled in Jerusalem at the ends of their lives. R. Shlomo, who is said to have served the Ottoman authorities in Istanbul, settled in Jerusalem more than ten years before the leaders of the Jewish economic elite in Istanbul were executed in the 1820s. His son, surviving this purge, followed much later, immigrating to Israel in 1846, but died immediately thereafter. This article provides insights into the business activities of the Ḥatim family, as well as the activities of Yitsḥak Ḥatim as an Ottoman official in Istanbul. I also discuss two more generations of this family, considered an elite, privileged one, and that was highly esteemed among well-known rabbis in the Ottoman Empire. I also discuss the ties that developed between the communities of Istanbul and Jerusalem in the first half of the 19th century as a result of initiatives of officials in Istanbul and of immigration from Istanbul to Jerusalem.

Tourism. Retrotopian Time-Travel (part two)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Jan Pezda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Time Travel ◽  
Innovative Approach ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
Modern Variety ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theoretical Conception

The study historicizes the phenomenon of tourism as a purely modern variety of the mobility of which inner morphology began taking form at the turn of the 19th centuries. First, the study draws on the innovative approach of Hasso Spode, historian of mentality, who has a profound influence over contemporary research of the history of tourism in German historiography. Using his theoretical framing, the study discloses how travel that, from the late 18th century, had been a diverse set of motives, experiences, ideas and practices, started to be cemented by a psychomental foundation: the tourist gaze. Then, the study interprets tourism as the product of spatialization of time and temporalization of space. Finally, the article, using Zygmunt Bauman´s theoretical conception of “retrotopia”, clips today's form of tourism together with its primordial form and leads to a conclusion that the tourism as a controversial phenomenon of modern times is endowed with human nostalgia, romance, a never-ending desire for authenticity as well as an eternal obsession with the idea of “progress” encompassing also utopian notions.

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