scholarly journals Study of the minimum detectable activity in gamma-ray spectrometry with various shielding configurations

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T4) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Vuong Quang Le ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Vo ◽  
Chuong Dinh Huynh ◽  
Phuc Minh Lau ◽  
Thanh Thien Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Environmental Radioactivity ◽  
Minimum Detectable Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Detectable Activity ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer

In the environmental radioactivity analyzing methods using gamma-ray spectrometry, the natural activities of radionuclides were required to be higher than the minimum detectable activity (MDA). To reduce MDA, one of the popular methods is to improve the ability of reducing the background radiation of the gamma-ray spectrometry. In this work, we designed the shielding configuration with 5 cm lead and 2 mm copper (thickness of walls and top). The MDAs of gamma-ray spectrometer were 2.6–4.24 times times for 40K (1460.8 keV), 232Th (208Tl- 2614.5 keV) and 238U (214Pb- 352 keV; 214Bi- 609.3 keV, 214Bi- 1764.5 keV). In the other hand, MDA for 238U with this shielding configuration is smaller than the activity of 238U inside surface soils in Vietnam. These results showed that the gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector and this shielding configuration was suitable for measurements activity of 238U in the environmental samples.

scholarly journals Method for identifying areas of virgin soils using a portable gamma-spectrometer-dosimeter

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
V. P. Ramzaev ◽  
A. N. Barkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
External Radiation ◽  
Quantitative Criterion ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Basic Model ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Starting Point

The dose rate of gamma radiation in air at a height of 1 m above the surface of virgin (undisturbed) soil is the starting point in the basic model that is used to estimate the dose of external radiation to the population living in areas contaminated due to the Chernobyl accident. Today, i.e. more than 30 years after the fallout, the finding of truly virgin lands is a rather difficult task, because many meadows were repeatedly plowed and/or rehabilitated after the accident. The purpose of this study was to develop a quantitative criterion for the detection of virgin soil areas using a portable gamma-ray spectrometer-dosimeter. To achieve this, we have conducted a statistical analysis of published and new data on the use of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry in radioactively contaminated territories of the Bryansk region of Russia and the Gomel region of Belarus in 2015–2018. The sample contains results of decoding 60 gamma spectra recorded at a height of 1 m above the ground in virgin meadows, cultivated lands and forests. Based on the performed analysis, a quantitative dosimetric criterion is proposed for in situ identification of virgin soils using a portable gamma-spectrometer-dosimeter. The article presents an algorithm for searching a virgin plot.

scholarly journals Characteristics of natural radiation background at the Callio Lab (Finland) performed within the BSUIN project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kisiel ◽  
Kinga Polaczek-Grelik ◽  
Katarzyna Szkliniarz ◽  
Agata Walencik-Łata ◽  
Jari Joutsenvaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Semiconductor Spectrometer ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The BSUIN (Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network) aims to enhance the accessibility of the underground laboratories in the Baltic Sea region for innovation, business and science. One of the BSUIN project activities is characterization of natural background radiation (NBR) in underground facilities. In this talk results from NBR measurements performed in Callio Lab, Pyhäsalmi, Finland, at the depth of 4100 m w.e. will be presented. The in-situ gamma spectra were collected with the use of  HPGe semiconductor spectrometer, whereas the  concentration of radon were measured with RAD7 electronic detector. In addition, the water and rock samples were taken for laboratory analysis in Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Poland. The concentration radioisotopes in water samples were performed by using a liquid scintillation α/β counter (LSC) and α-particle spectrometry, while the concentration of radioisotopes in rock samples were performed by using laboratory gamma ray spectrometry and also α-particle spectrometry.</p>

scholarly journals Determination the Index of Radioactive Risk In The Batang Kuantan River

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Rindi Genesa Hatika ◽  
Indang Dewata ◽  
Alizar . ◽  
Purwo Subekti ◽  
Saiful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Radioactive Elements ◽  
Limit Value ◽  
Decay Series

NORM is a material containing radioactive elements that exist naturally. All minerals and raw materials contain radionuclides from nature, most important for radiation protection purposes are the U-238, Th-232 and K-40 decay series. This element naturally grows and is considered a major contributor to the annual individual background radiation dose. Therefore, each individual can be exposed to NORM through various activities they do, one of which is gold mining activities. Gold mining in addition to causing exposure to NORM, is believed also can cause significant environmental damage. This study aims to determine the index of radioactive risks that resulted from gold mining activities in the batang kuantan river. The sample used for this research is soil from batang kuantan river which then analyzed using gamma ray spectrometry. The results show that the index of radioactive risk value indicated by all soil samples in the batang kuantan river is still below the predetermined maximum limit value.  

EXCITATION FUNCTIONS OF ALPHA INDUCED REACTIONS ON NATURAL NICKEL UP TO 50 MeV

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 611-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. SINGH ◽  
S. MUKHERJEE ◽  
M. S. GADKARI
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Alpha Particle ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Level Density ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Excitation Functions ◽  
Classical Models ◽  
Nucleon Emission ◽  
Good Agreement

Excitation functions have been measured for alpha-particle induced reactions on natural nickel leading to the production of 62 Zn , 61 Cu , 56,57 Ni and 56,58 Co radioisotopes up to 50 MeV by the activation method and gamma-ray spectrometry. Most of these radioisotopes are produced by one or two alpha-particle emissions and a few nucleon emissions. The excitation functions were compared with semi-classical models codes, like ALICE/90, which includes a shell corrected level density formulation and the COMPLET, which takes into account angular momentum removal effects. In the case of multi-nucleon emission channels, ALICE/90 gives fairly good agreement. The COMPLET code on the other hand, explains the α-particle emission channels in a more convincing manner.

THE NATURAL GAMMA‐RAY FLUX: IN‐SITU ANALYSIS

Geophysics ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Doig
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Major Project ◽  
Quantitative Evaluations

A fully portable transistorized gamma‐ray spectrometer has been constructed, and used to investigate the nature of the gamma ray activity at the surface of rock outcrops. Gamma‐ray photopeaks of [Formula: see text] and members of the U and Th series have been identified, along with strong fallout activity dominated by the 0.75 Mev activity of [Formula: see text]. A method has been devised for measuring, in situ, the K, U, and Th contents of rocks. Calibration accounts for the interference between the radioelements, and for background radiation. The following estimates of accuracy and sensitivity are for five‐minute counting intervals: 5 percent plus 0.1 percent K, 10 percent plus 0.2 ppm U, 10 percent plus 0.5 ppm Th. The main advantages of the method are its speed and versatility and the very large sample analyzed. A number of surveys have been performed to demonstrate some of the applications of the instrument. The major project of this series is detailed mapping of the K, U, and Th distribution in the Preissac granite of northwestern Quebec. In addition to its use as a petrologic tool, the technique is eminently suited to prospecting for U and Th, and the quantitative evaluations of occurrence of these elements.

scholarly journals ESTIMATION ON THE RADIOLOGICAL LEVEL OF NATURAL OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES PRESENT IN FLOODED SOIL SAMPLES IN KADUNA NORTH, NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
P.M. Gyuk ◽  
J.O. Anaegbu ◽  
H.O. Aboh ◽  
R. Daniel ◽  
A. Aruwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Absorbed Dose Rate ◽  
Radium Equivalent Activity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent

The background radiation of the areas was collected at random for each point using a rados survey meter. The detectors (two rados survey meter were used) were placed 1 meter above the ground with the operator positioned a few meters away. Three (3) readings were taking from each detector in other to reduce error or reach accuracy in obtaining the background readings from each randomly selected point where soil samples were later collected. In the current study, the concentration levels of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) of 40K, 232Th, and 238U in the surface soil samples of selected areas in kigo road new extension Kaduna north, Kaduna in Nigeria were studied. The collected soil samples were analyzed by means of gamma-ray spectrometry. The mean activity concentrations of the natural occurring radionuclides of  226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the soil samples were estimated to be 62, 78.35, 227.17 Bq/kg respectively for kigo road new extension respectively. Radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent were also calculated for assessment of radiological risk. External hazard value (Hex) is between 0.3163 and 0.9557 and Internal hazard value is between 0.4462 and 1.1618. The worldwide average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples from various studies around the world have values of 37, 30 and 400 Bq/kg respectively [UNSCEAR, 2000]. The values compared well with published data from UNSCEAR shows Ra-226, Th-232 from the location are well above the standards while K-40 below the risk value.

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