THE NATURAL GAMMA‐RAY FLUX: IN‐SITU ANALYSIS

Geophysics ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Doig
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Rock Outcrops ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Major Project ◽  
Quantitative Evaluations

A fully portable transistorized gamma‐ray spectrometer has been constructed, and used to investigate the nature of the gamma ray activity at the surface of rock outcrops. Gamma‐ray photopeaks of [Formula: see text] and members of the U and Th series have been identified, along with strong fallout activity dominated by the 0.75 Mev activity of [Formula: see text]. A method has been devised for measuring, in situ, the K, U, and Th contents of rocks. Calibration accounts for the interference between the radioelements, and for background radiation. The following estimates of accuracy and sensitivity are for five‐minute counting intervals: 5 percent plus 0.1 percent K, 10 percent plus 0.2 ppm U, 10 percent plus 0.5 ppm Th. The main advantages of the method are its speed and versatility and the very large sample analyzed. A number of surveys have been performed to demonstrate some of the applications of the instrument. The major project of this series is detailed mapping of the K, U, and Th distribution in the Preissac granite of northwestern Quebec. In addition to its use as a petrologic tool, the technique is eminently suited to prospecting for U and Th, and the quantitative evaluations of occurrence of these elements.

Gamma-ray spectrometer calibration for field analysis of thorium, uranium and potassium

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Killeen ◽  
C. M. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
In Situ Analysis ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Nonlinear Relation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Spectrometer Calibration

The calibration of a portable three-channel gamma-ray spectrometer for in situ analysis of thorium, uranium, and potassium is discussed. A method of regression analysis is suggested as the best means of including all of the data available from the calibration stations. Calibration indicates a nonlinear relation between count rates obtained in the field and concentrations in parts per million obtained from laboratory analysis. The range of radioelement content must be taken into consideration and appropriate sets of calibration constants applied. As an example of the method, calibration constants are calculated for a portable gamma-ray spectrometer using data for the Blind River uranium region of Ontario.

scholarly journals Characteristics of natural radiation background at the Callio Lab (Finland) performed within the BSUIN project

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kisiel ◽  
Kinga Polaczek-Grelik ◽  
Katarzyna Szkliniarz ◽  
Agata Walencik-Łata ◽  
Jari Joutsenvaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Radiation Background ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
Semiconductor Spectrometer ◽  
The Baltic

<p>The BSUIN (Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network) aims to enhance the accessibility of the underground laboratories in the Baltic Sea region for innovation, business and science. One of the BSUIN project activities is characterization of natural background radiation (NBR) in underground facilities. In this talk results from NBR measurements performed in Callio Lab, Pyhäsalmi, Finland, at the depth of 4100 m w.e. will be presented. The in-situ gamma spectra were collected with the use of  HPGe semiconductor spectrometer, whereas the  concentration of radon were measured with RAD7 electronic detector. In addition, the water and rock samples were taken for laboratory analysis in Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Poland. The concentration radioisotopes in water samples were performed by using a liquid scintillation α/β counter (LSC) and α-particle spectrometry, while the concentration of radioisotopes in rock samples were performed by using laboratory gamma ray spectrometry and also α-particle spectrometry.</p>

Comet nucleus gamma-ray spectrometer penetrator - An in situ nucleuscomposition experiment

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. SWENSON ◽  
A. MASCY ◽  
L. EDSINGER ◽  
S. SQUYRES ◽  
C.P. MCKAY
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Comet Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer

scholarly journals Study of the minimum detectable activity in gamma-ray spectrometry with various shielding configurations

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T4) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Vuong Quang Le ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Vo ◽  
Chuong Dinh Huynh ◽  
Phuc Minh Lau ◽  
Thanh Thien Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Environmental Radioactivity ◽  
Minimum Detectable Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Detectable Activity ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer

In the environmental radioactivity analyzing methods using gamma-ray spectrometry, the natural activities of radionuclides were required to be higher than the minimum detectable activity (MDA). To reduce MDA, one of the popular methods is to improve the ability of reducing the background radiation of the gamma-ray spectrometry. In this work, we designed the shielding configuration with 5 cm lead and 2 mm copper (thickness of walls and top). The MDAs of gamma-ray spectrometer were 2.6–4.24 times times for 40K (1460.8 keV), 232Th (208Tl- 2614.5 keV) and 238U (214Pb- 352 keV; 214Bi- 609.3 keV, 214Bi- 1764.5 keV). In the other hand, MDA for 238U with this shielding configuration is smaller than the activity of 238U inside surface soils in Vietnam. These results showed that the gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector and this shielding configuration was suitable for measurements activity of 238U in the environmental samples.

scholarly journals SNOW-WATER EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENT USING NATURAL GAMMA EMISSION

1973 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. GRASTY
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Test Strip ◽  
Gamma Emission ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Snow Water

The natural gamma radiation emitted by potassium, uranium and thorium is attenuated by snow. This attenuation depends on the water-equivalent of the snow layer. Air absorption coefficients were determined by flying at different altitudes over a uniform test strip and used to calculate the absorption coefficients for water. Results using the Geological Survey of Canada high sensitivity airborne gamma-ray spectrometer showed that snow water-equivalents up to 18 cm could be measured to an accuracy of 2 cm over suitable terrain. The importance of temperature and soil moisture corrections are discussed, together with statistical, instrumental and navigational errors.

the TASTE mission: In situ DEIMOS terrain analyzer with smalls and miniturized lander

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Lavagna ◽  
John Brucato ◽  
Jacopo Prinetto ◽  
Andrea Capannolo ◽  
Michele Bechini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Elemental Abundance ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometer ◽  
Close Orbit ◽  
Science Operations

<p>Deimos and Phobos are considered primary targets of investigation to understand the origin and evolution of Mars and more in general the terrestrial planets of the Solar System. </p> <p>TASTE mission aims complementing MMX investigation by focusing on Deimos surface, combining both <strong>global remote sensing</strong> observations from a close orbit and<strong> direct in-situ analyses</strong> of the surface thanks to a lander release on Deimos. With a synergy between orbital and in-situ investigations, the proposed mission will contribute to the Deimos global morphology understanding; its global elemental abundance; landing site morphology and texture; landing site organic content and surface composition. TASTE is conceived as a Cubesat-in-Cubesat mission: a 12U space asset composed by a <strong>9U orbiter </strong>and a<strong> 3U lander</strong>. The former embarks an <strong>X-gamma ray spectrometer</strong> developed by OAT and a multispectral camera, the second is equipped with a  <strong>miniaturized Surface Sample Analyser</strong> (SSA), composed by a new Sample Acquisition Mechanism (SAM), conceived by PoliMi and a Surface Analytical Laboratory (SAL)  developed by INAF OAA. <br />The mission is conceived to keep the orbiter on a QSO nearby Deimos to facilitate the lander release and the scientific operations in synergy with the lander itself. Details on science, space assets sizing and design and mission science operations will be discussed in deep. </p>

Geophysical and geochemical logs from a copper oxide deposit, Santa Cruz project, Casa Grande, Arizona

Geophysics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1827-1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H. Nelson ◽  
David Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Rock Strength ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Oxide Deposit ◽  
Copper Distribution

In support of an in‐situ leaching experiment, five holes drilled into a copper oxide deposit have been logged with geophysical and geochemical tools developed for use in the petroleum industry. When combined with geological description, chemical analyses, and mineralogical data from core and cuttings, the logs provide information regarding the alteration, fracturing, copper distribution, porosity, and permeable zones. Correlations among sonic velocity, rock strength from mechanical tests on core, and alteration indicators from neutron and potassium logs demonstrate a close link between the state of alteration and the mechanical state of the rock. Neutron activation, natural gamma‐ray, and density logs, in combination, correlate so well with copper assays that log‐based prediction of copper content is possible; in addition, an estimate of whole‐rock mineralogy is presented in log format. Based on comparisons of flow logs and acoustic logs obtained in the same holes, reductions in acoustic velocity appear to be the best indicators of permeability increases.

Estimation of In Situ Stresses by Using Hydraulic Fracturing and Welllogging Data in Shizhuangnan Coalbed Methane Field

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Liu ◽  
Li Ren Xing ◽  
Ru Min Liu
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Ordos Basin ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Breakdown Pressure ◽  
Natural Gamma ◽  
Ray Density ◽  
Distribution Of Stress

This paper focuses on the research of the vertical and regional distributions of stress characteristics in the Shizhuangnan coalbed methane field, southeastern Ordos basin. The minimum and maximum horizontal stresses were firstly calculated by the breakdown pressure, closure pressure and tensile strength of the fracturing data of key wells. Then the calculated results are compared with the results calculated from the natural gamma-ray, density and acoustic logging data and Anderson’s Model. Based on the comparison, the residual stress in the Anderson’s Model is corrected. By adding the residual stress data in the Anderson’s Model, the modified model can be well used for evaluating the stress characteristics in the area with complex structure types. Finally, the distribution of stress characteristics in the Shizhuangnan coalbed methane field were evaluated by using the modified Anderson model.

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