scholarly journals Fish depictions in the deer stones

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-53
Author(s):  
J. Bayarsaikhan ◽  

The autochthonous community of Central Asia, including Mongolia, is based on a nomadic culture, the origins of which go back to the paleoculture, the Bronze Age. The article is devoted to the topic of Central Asia - study drawings, petroglyphs in the Late Bronze Age. On the deer stones, petroglyphs, logograms depicting heavenly bodies (sun, moon), hunting and labor tools, wild and domestic animals, fish, as well as the so-called «pair fish» of which were found during archaeological work in Mongolia, South Siberia, Central Asia. The article notes that in the depicted figures, logos reflected the «world view» of the ancient people, their mythology and ideology, understanding of the world and nature. Some artifacts of the paleoculture discovered during archaeological excavations are still kept in the National Museum of Mongolia. Exploring the artefacts of paleoculture, the author makes his own contribution to the study of the cultural origins of Central Asia.

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1722-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Schröder ◽  
Mayke Wagner ◽  
Saskia Wutke ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Yingxia Ma ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Р.П. Кулумбегов

В Осетии, как и повсеместно на Кавказе, бытовали традиционные мельницы двух основных типов – ручные и водяные. Мельничные механизмы, работающие посредством усилий домашних животных (ослов, верблюдов) или на силе ветра в регионе не получили распространение и были редким исключением. Древнейшим приспособлением для помола зерна была зернотерка, широко распространившаяся в неолите. Значительным шагом в совершенствовании технологии помола стал переход к использованию вращающегося жернова, то есть ручной мельницы. На территории Осетии они известны с эпохи бронзы. Водяные мельницы стали следующим этапом в развитии мукомольной технологии, значительно увеличив производительность. Для устройства мельницы было необходимо наличие источника воды, посредством которой создавался напор водяного потока, приводящий в действие мельничное колесо. В Осетии мельница, работающая от энергии воды, носила название къада куырой – «ручейная мельница». Помимо хозяйственных функций мельница в представлении земледельцев была связана с мифологией. Горцы полагали, что мельничный механизм, работающий без непосредственного участия человека, только на силе воды, является олицетворением сверхъестественных сил. Превращение зерна в муку, с использованием стихии воды, постоянный шум мельничного колеса, не прекращающийся даже ночью, обособленность строения, устные предания с магическим окрасом – все это заставляло относиться к мельнице как к обиталищу темной субстанции. Поэтому мельница является местом-локусом, связанным с мифопоэтическим представлением о мире, его границах, духах места и воды, зонах сакрального пространства и соответствующих им поведенческих норм. Если осетинская мельница къада куырой как элемент механизации труда земледельца описана достаточно полно, то мифологические представления, связанные с ней, все еще нуждаются в исследовании. In Ossetia, as everywhere in the Caucasus, mills were divided into two main types - manual and water. Mill mechanisms working through the efforts of domestic animals (donkeys, camels) or on the strength of the wind in the region under consideration were not widespread and were a rare exception. Hand mills are the most ancient mechanical device for grinding flour, and they have been known in Ossetia since the Bronze Age. Water mills have become the next step in the development of milling technology, greatly increasing productivity. For the work of the mill, it was necessary to have a source of water, by which the pressure of the water flow was created, and which was used to drive the mill wheel. In Ossetia a mill powered by water energy was called Qada Kuyroj. In addition to economic functions, the mill, in the view of agriculturalists was associated with mythology. The mountaineers believed that a mill mechanism that works without human involvement and only on the power of water is a manifestation of supernatural powers. The transformation of grain into flour, using water, the constant noise of the mill wheel, which doesn’t stop even at night, the isolation of the building, oral traditions with magical insides - all this made them treat mill as a place with dark substance. Therefore, the mill is a locus-place associated with mythopoetic idea of ​​the world, its borders, the spirits of place and water, zones of sacred space and behavioral norms. If Ossetian mill qada kwyroj, as the element of mechanization of the work for agriculturalists, is described quite fully, still the mythological ideas associated with it still need further research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
I. Umarov

Ancient Bactria is a country where early urban planning traditions and foundations of statehood were formed in Central Asia. Historical sources give a lot of information about Ancient Bactria. In terms of development, the northern regions of Bactria were especially distinguished. Here, since the bronze age, agriculture, handicrafts, trade, culture, urban planning were highly developed and still attracts the attention of the world scientific community. This article provides information about the history of Ancient Bactria, its population, cities and historical regions based on Greco-Roman sources.


Author(s):  
Yu. KUTIMOV ◽  

The paper provides a short research biography of A. M. Mandelschtam (1920–1983), one of the leading authorities in the archaeology of Central Asia, an expert in the study of the steppe and nomadic cultures of Central Asia and South Siberia. Mandelschtam’s long and active expedition- ary activity in Tajikistan during the 1940–1950s and in Turkmenistan during the first half of the 1960s became the basis for his research and for the study of various important problems in the Bronze Age and Classical Period archaeology of Central Asia.


2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-128
Author(s):  
Gavin Macgregor ◽  
Irene Cullen ◽  
Diane Alldritt ◽  
Michael Donnelly ◽  
Jennifer Miller ◽  
...  

Summary A programme of archaeological work was undertaken by Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) at West Flank Road, Drumchapel, in close proximity to the site of the prehistoric cemetery of Knappers. This paper considers the results of excavation of a range of negative features, including earlier Neolithic and Bronze Age pits and postholes. The earlier Neolithic features date to c. 3500–3000 BC and are interpreted as the partial remains of a subrectangular structure. The Bronze Age features may relate to ceremonial activities in the wider area. The significance of these remains is considered in relation to the site of Knappers and wider traditions during the fourth to second millennia BC.


Antiquity ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 15 (60) ◽  
pp. 360-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Grinsell

In many parts of the world and at many periods the practice has prevailed of depositing boats, or models or other representations of them, with the dead, either as a means of facilitating his supposed voyage to another world, or as a symbol of his maritime activities during his lifetime.That the former is generally the correct explanation of the custom there can be no doubt. This is shown by the evidence of the belief in a voyage to a future world, and the customs to which it has given rise, among living primitive peoples in the Pacific Islands and elsewhere, so well collected and presented by the late Sir J. G. Frazer. It is shown also by traditions such as that of our own king Arthur's journey by barge to ‘the island valley of Avilion, where falls not hail, or rain, or any snow’ It is shown also by the ancient Greek and Roman custom of placing a coin in the mouth of the dead to pay Charon's fee for ferrying him across the Styx.


Author(s):  
Eberhard Zangger ◽  
E.C. Krupp ◽  
Serkan Demirel ◽  
Rita Gautschy

Evidence of systematic astronomical observation and the impact of celestial knowledge on culture is plentiful in the Bronze Age societies of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Europe. An interest in astral phenomena is also reflected in Hittite documents, architecture and art. The rock-cut reliefs of 64 deities in the main chamber of Yazilikaya, a Hittite rock sanctuary associated with Hattusa, the Hittite capital in central Anatolia, can be broken into groups marking days, synodic months and solar years. Here, we suggest that the sanctuary in its entirety represents a symbolic image of the cosmos, including its static levels (earth, sky, underworld) and the cyclical processes of renewal and rebirth (day/night, lunar phases, summer/winter). Static levels and celestial cyclicities are emphasised throughout the sanctuary – every single relief relates to this system. We interpret the central panel with the supreme deities, at the far north end of Chamber A, as a reference to the northern stars, the circumpolar realm and the world axis. Chamber B seems to symbolise the netherworld.


The Holocene ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 095968362097026
Author(s):  
Jiangsong Zhu ◽  
Jian Ma ◽  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Yinqiu Cui ◽  
Marcella Festa ◽  
...  

Andronovo has been regarded as one of the most powerful cultures in Central Asia, which reflected frequent cultural interflow, people migration, and technique diffusion on the Bronze Age Eurasian steppes. In the past decade, many new discoveries in Xinjiang, such as Adunqiaolu and Jartai, have drawn broad attention to the communication of the Andronovo culture in the central Tianshan Mountains. However, systematic study is still insufficient on the communication and influence of the Andronovo culture or the “Andronovo phenomenon” along the Tianshan Mountains. Based on our comprehensive investigation of tomb structure, funeral rituals and assemblages, this article reclassifies relevant Andronovo remains in Xinjiang into five categories. Two categories represented by the Xiabandi cemetery and the Adunqiaolu show clear resemblance to those at Semirech’ye in all aspects, which indicated people in these regions may have maintained close and consistent interaction. Other three categories in the Kuokesuxi and Tangbalesayi cemetery have different tomb structures and funeral rituals from those typical discoveries of the Andronovo cultures in Central Asia in spite of the their similarity in pottery and bronze ornaments, which can be considered as the result of product exchange or technical communication, rather than population migration. New discovery of the Baigetuobie cemetery with evidence of tomb structure, dating, and human genetic features in the Balikun grassland suggested that there might be a small group of people, probably came from the central Tianshan Mountains or Semirech’ye or further west, had migrated to the Eastern Tianshan Mountains about 1600 BC, which was likely facilitated by the relatively warm and humid environment. They had preserved their traditional tomb architecture and were not active in cultural interaction and population fusion with people of Hami Oasis in the south. Due to some reason unknown, people of Baigetuobie had faded away from Balikun grassland after a short time.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document