scholarly journals FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT FORMS OF SECURITY DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH KINDS GYMNASTICS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Maria Akimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
State Policy ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Complex Motor Skills ◽  
Increased Activity ◽  
Personal Education

Annotation The purpose of the study was to find out the peculiarities of organizational and managerial forms of ensuring the development of wellness sports, including health gymnastics in foreign countries. Material and methods. The methods of analysis and generalization of scientific literature and synthesis were applied for the purpose realization. Therefore, the theoretical analysis of scientific researches of scientists who investigated organizational-managerial forms of ensuring the development of recreational sports, in particular recreational gymnastics in foreign countries, was carried out. Results. The article shows that the problem of improving the sectoral level of government traditionally occupies one of the central places in the shaping of state policy of the countries of the world, many of which achieve significant success precisely through the skillful use of sectoral mechanisms of public policy modernization. Today, among the mechanisms and means of physical education, health gymnastics plays a key role, being the basic mechanism and means of personal education. Due to the use of gymnastics, various aspects of physical development are supported. Gymnastics creates conditions for increased activity, health enhancement, enhancement of immunity and resistance, posture correction and more. It is also the basic mechanism for developing complex motor skills and developing motor skills. It is revealed that today among the mechanisms and means of physical education health gymnastics plays a key role, being the basic mechanism and the means of personal education. Due to the use of gymnastics, various aspects of physical development are supported. Gymnastics creates conditions for increased activity, health enhancement, enhancement of immunity and resistance, posture correction and more. It is also the basic mechanism for developing complex motor skills and developing motor skills. It has been found out that the sphere of physical education and rehabilitation of society is an important element of modern man's life, so as a direction of state policy it has been from the beginning in the field of attention of specialists of international level in various fields of scientific knowledge. The features of organizational and managerial forms of physical education development of the most developed European countries, USA, China and Japan are characterized. Conclusions. As a result of researches it is found out that at the present stage the essence of sport, and especially its recreational types, is included in the system of physical education of most foreign countries. The primary interest is health sports, which are given special attention in the US, Europe and other Asian countries. According to international experience, sport is of great value and it deserves that scientists explore the future of wellness and its positioning within the overall role of health and leisure services. Keywords: health, wellness, physical education, physical culture, sport, healthy lifestyle, gymnastics, wellness gymnastics.

MOBAK 1 Assessment in Primary Physical Education: Exploring Basic Motor Competences of Portuguese 6-Year-Olds

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1055-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Quitério ◽  
João Martins ◽  
Marcos Onofre ◽  
João Costa ◽  
João Mota Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Object Movement ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Complex Motor Skills

Children’s motor competence is known to have a determinant role in learning and engaging later in complex motor skills and, thus, in physical activity. The development of adequate motor competence is a central aim of physical education, and assuring that pupils are learning and developing motor competence depends on accurate assessment protocols. The MOBAK 1 test battery is a recent instrument developed to assess motor competence in primary physical education. This study used the MOBAK 1 to explore motor competence levels and gender differences among 249 ( Mage = 6.3, SD = 0.5 years; 127 girls and 122 boys) Grade 1 primary school Portuguese children. On independent sample t tests, boys presented higher object movement motor competence than girls (boys: M = 5.8, SD = 1.7; girls: M = 4.0, SD = 1.7; p < .001), while girls were more proficient among self-movement skills (girls: M = 5.1, SD = 1.8; boys: M = 4.3, SD = 1.7; p < .01). On “total motor competence,” boys ( M = 10.3, SD = 2.6) averaged one point ahead of girls ( M = 9.1, SD = 2.9). The percentage of girls in the first quartile of object movement was 18.9%, while, for “self movement,” the percentage of boys in the first quartile was almost double that of girls (30.3% and 17.3%, respectively). The confirmatory model to test for construct validity confirmed the assumed theoretical two-factor structure of MOBAK 1 test items in this Portuguese sample. These results support the MOBAK 1 instrument for assessing motor competence and highlighted gender differences, of relevance to intervention efforts.

Improving Diving Skill through Verbal Feedback and Video Feedback

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SELWYN C. ROBLES
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Verbal Feedback ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Group B ◽  
Complex Motor Skills

One of the duties of a physical education instructor is to teach students perform motor skills efficiently and excel in different sports activities. However, students have different abilities in performing complex motor skills and usually result in injuries if the execution is incorrect. Feedback is given to improve one’s performance. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of verbal feedback and video feedback in the perfor­mance of grab start diving skill. Specifically, it determined if verbal with video feedback is more effective than verbal feedback only in improving motor skill. Forty male students enrolled in swimming class were divided into two groups. After the first performance of two groups, group A was given verbal feedback to improve performance while group B viewed their own video clips and discussions were done. The results concurred that verbal feedback is an effective tool which contributes to the improvement of students’ motor skills. However, it is much effective if verbal feedback is combined with video feedback. Using an appropriate technology in aid of teaching motor skills, the students are prohibited in injuries, able to cope with mistakes efficiently in performing motor skills, and teachers manage to use time efficiently in introducing new motor learning.Keywords: Physical Education, motor skill, video feedback, diving, experimental design, Philippines

Focus of Attention Verbalizations in Beginning Band: A Multiple Case Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 002242942097363
Author(s):  
John E. Parsons ◽  
Amy L. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Multiple Case Study ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Beginning Band ◽  
External Focus ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
Complex Motor Skills

Although the effects of focus of attention (FOA) on the performance of gross motor skills are now well understood, less is known about the role of FOA in naturalistic classroom settings where learners are engaged in the ongoing acquisition and refinement of complex motor skills. The purpose of this study, the first of its kind, was to explore how music teachers focus learners’ attention on physical actions (internal focus) and on the effects of those actions (external focus). We recorded three experienced band directors teaching beginner classes (sixth graders) and completed a content analysis of video recordings to describe (a) teachers’ use of internally focused (IF) and externally focused (EF) verbalizations and (b) patterns among IF and EF verbalizations. These teachers most often directed student attention to internal aspects of performance, and they also paired IF and EF statements to clearly convey how those actions affect external outcomes. Although our descriptive multiple case study design precludes generalization, these data suggest possibilities for future studies that could explore relationships between teachers’ FOA verbalizations and skill development in music classrooms.

Inter-limb transfer of both simple and complex motor skills is maintained in elderly adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Daina S.E. Dickins ◽  
Martin V. Sale ◽  
Jason B. Mattingley ◽  
Marc R. Kamke
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Complex Motor Skills

scholarly journals Neural changes in the primate brain correlated with the evolution of complex motor skills

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yamazaki ◽  
K. Hikishima ◽  
M. Saiki ◽  
M. Inada ◽  
E. Sasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Primate Brain ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Complex Motor Skills

Field Dependence–Independence in Complex Motor Skills

2004 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aymeric Guillot ◽  
Christian Collet
Keyword(s):  
Field Dependence ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Complex Motor Skills

Classical but Not Rap Music Significantly Improves Transferability and Long-Term Acquisition of Laparoscopic Suturing Skills: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (06) ◽  
pp. 541-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Mietzsch ◽  
Robert Bergholz ◽  
Johannes Boettcher ◽  
Lea Klippgen ◽  
Julia Wenskus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Classical Music ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Laparoscopic Suturing ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Complex Motor Skills ◽  
Suturing Skills

Abstract Introduction Acoustic distractions have been shown to increase the level of stress and workload in the operating room (OR). Noise significantly reduces surgical performance, but experienced surgeons are able to reduce the acoustic perception of their surroundings to maintain a high level of performance in complex surgical tasks. However, music has been shown to improve learning and performance of complex motor skills. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of music on transferability and long-term acquisition of laparoscopic suturing skills. Materials and Methods To evaluate the effects of music on training, subjects were asked to perform four surgeon's square knots on a bowel model within 30 minutes—prior and post 3 hours of hands-on training. To examine long-term skills, the same students were asked to perform a comparable, but more complex, task (four slip knots in a model of esophageal atresia) 6 months post initial training, as a follow-up measurement. Total time, knot stability (evaluated via tensiometer), suture accuracy, knot quality (Muresan scale), and laparoscopic performance (Munz checklist) were assessed. Results Twenty-four students were included in the study; after simple randomization, 16 were trained while exposed to music (eight to Bach and eight to Bushido) and eight with traditional methods. Seven were lost due to follow-up. Both groups had comparable baseline characteristics and significantly improved after training, in all parameters assessed in this study. Subjects that trained with classical music were superior in terms of speed (p = 0.006), knot quality (p = 0.014), and procedural performance (p = 0.034) compared with controls. Conclusion Music during acquisition of complex motor skills, like laparoscopic suturing and knot tying, is superior to traditional training. Especially music considered nondisturbing significantly improved speed, knot quality, and performance. Thus, incorporation of pleasant music into surgical skills training and the OR should be considered.

scholarly journals A Hessian-based decomposition characterizes how performance in complex motor skills depends on individual strategy and variability

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tommasino ◽  
Antonella Maselli ◽  
Domenico Campolo ◽  
Francesco Lacquaniti ◽  
Andrea d’Avella
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Dimensional ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Small Set ◽  
Variability Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Complex Motor Skills ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractIn complex real-life motor skills such as unconstrained throwing, performance depends on how accurate is on average the outcome of noisy, high-dimensional, and redundant actions. What characteristics of the action distribution relate to performance and how different individuals select specific action distributions are key questions in motor control. Previous computational approaches have highlighted that variability along the directions of first order derivatives of the action-to-outcome mapping affects performance the most, that different mean actions may be associated to regions of the actions space with different sensitivity to noise, and that action covariation in addition to noise magnitude matters. However, a method to relate individual high-dimensional action distribution and performance is still missing. Here we introduce a decomposition of performance into a small set of indicators that compactly and directly characterize the key performance-related features of the distribution of high-dimensional redundant actions. Central to the method is the observation that, if performance is quantified as a mean score, the Hessian (second order derivatives) of the action-to-score function determines the noise sensitivity of the action distribution. We can then approximate the mean score as the sum of the score of the mean action and a tolerance-variability index which depends on both Hessian and action covariance. Such index can be expressed as the product of three terms capturing overall noise magnitude, overall noise sensitivity, and alignment of the most variable and most noise sensitive directions. We apply this method to the analysis of unconstrained throwing actions by non-expert participants and show that, consistently across four different throwing targets, each participant shows a specific selection of mean action score and tolerance-variability index as well as specific selection of noise magnitude and alignment indicators. Thus, participants with different strategies may display the same performance because they can trade off suboptimal mean action for better tolerance-variability and higher action variability for better alignment with more tolerant directions in action space.Author summaryWhy do people differ in their performance of complex motor skills? In many real-life motor tasks achieving a goal requires selecting an appropriate high-dimensional action out of infinitely many goal-equivalent actions. Because of sensorimotor noise, we are unable to execute the exact same action twice and our performance depends on how accurate we are on average. Thus, to understand why people perform differently we need to characterize how their action distribution relates to their mean task score. While better performance is often associated to smaller variability around a more accurate mean action, performance also depends on the relationship between the directions of highest variability in action space and the directions in which action variability affects the most the outcome of the action. However, characterizing such geometric relationship when actions are high dimensional is challenging. In this work we introduce a method that allows to characterize the key performance-related features of the distribution of high-dimensional actions by a small set of indicators. We can then compare such indicators in different people performing a complex task (such as unconstrained throwing) and directly characterize the most skilled ones but also identify different strategies that distinguish people with similar performance.

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