MOBAK 1 Assessment in Primary Physical Education: Exploring Basic Motor Competences of Portuguese 6-Year-Olds

Children’s motor competence is known to have a determinant role in learning and engaging later in complex motor skills and, thus, in physical activity. The development of adequate motor competence is a central aim of physical education, and assuring that pupils are learning and developing motor competence depends on accurate assessment protocols. The MOBAK 1 test battery is a recent instrument developed to assess motor competence in primary physical education. This study used the MOBAK 1 to explore motor competence levels and gender differences among 249 ( Mage = 6.3, SD = 0.5 years; 127 girls and 122 boys) Grade 1 primary school Portuguese children. On independent sample t tests, boys presented higher object movement motor competence than girls (boys: M = 5.8, SD = 1.7; girls: M = 4.0, SD = 1.7; p < .001), while girls were more proficient among self-movement skills (girls: M = 5.1, SD = 1.8; boys: M = 4.3, SD = 1.7; p < .01). On “total motor competence,” boys ( M = 10.3, SD = 2.6) averaged one point ahead of girls ( M = 9.1, SD = 2.9). The percentage of girls in the first quartile of object movement was 18.9%, while, for “self movement,” the percentage of boys in the first quartile was almost double that of girls (30.3% and 17.3%, respectively). The confirmatory model to test for construct validity confirmed the assumed theoretical two-factor structure of MOBAK 1 test items in this Portuguese sample. These results support the MOBAK 1 instrument for assessing motor competence and highlighted gender differences, of relevance to intervention efforts.

Download Full-text

Improving Diving Skill through Verbal Feedback and Video Feedback

IAMURE International Journal of Education ◽

10.7718/iamure.ije.v7i1.561 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

SELWYN C. ROBLES

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Motor Skills ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Video Feedback ◽

Appropriate Technology ◽

Male Students ◽

Verbal Feedback ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Group B ◽

Complex Motor Skills

One of the duties of a physical education instructor is to teach students perform motor skills efficiently and excel in different sports activities. However, students have different abilities in performing complex motor skills and usually result in injuries if the execution is incorrect. Feedback is given to improve one’s performance. This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of verbal feedback and video feedback in the performance of grab start diving skill. Specifically, it determined if verbal with video feedback is more effective than verbal feedback only in improving motor skill. Forty male students enrolled in swimming class were divided into two groups. After the first performance of two groups, group A was given verbal feedback to improve performance while group B viewed their own video clips and discussions were done. The results concurred that verbal feedback is an effective tool which contributes to the improvement of students’ motor skills. However, it is much effective if verbal feedback is combined with video feedback. Using an appropriate technology in aid of teaching motor skills, the students are prohibited in injuries, able to cope with mistakes efficiently in performing motor skills, and teachers manage to use time efficiently in introducing new motor learning.Keywords: Physical Education, motor skill, video feedback, diving, experimental design, Philippines

Download Full-text

FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT FORMS OF SECURITY DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH KINDS GYMNASTICS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper ◽

10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 197-206

Author(s):

Maria Akimova ◽

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Motor Skills ◽

State Policy ◽

Basic Mechanism ◽

Physical Development ◽

Foreign Countries ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Complex Motor Skills ◽

Increased Activity ◽

Personal Education

Annotation The purpose of the study was to find out the peculiarities of organizational and managerial forms of ensuring the development of wellness sports, including health gymnastics in foreign countries. Material and methods. The methods of analysis and generalization of scientific literature and synthesis were applied for the purpose realization. Therefore, the theoretical analysis of scientific researches of scientists who investigated organizational-managerial forms of ensuring the development of recreational sports, in particular recreational gymnastics in foreign countries, was carried out. Results. The article shows that the problem of improving the sectoral level of government traditionally occupies one of the central places in the shaping of state policy of the countries of the world, many of which achieve significant success precisely through the skillful use of sectoral mechanisms of public policy modernization. Today, among the mechanisms and means of physical education, health gymnastics plays a key role, being the basic mechanism and means of personal education. Due to the use of gymnastics, various aspects of physical development are supported. Gymnastics creates conditions for increased activity, health enhancement, enhancement of immunity and resistance, posture correction and more. It is also the basic mechanism for developing complex motor skills and developing motor skills. It is revealed that today among the mechanisms and means of physical education health gymnastics plays a key role, being the basic mechanism and the means of personal education. Due to the use of gymnastics, various aspects of physical development are supported. Gymnastics creates conditions for increased activity, health enhancement, enhancement of immunity and resistance, posture correction and more. It is also the basic mechanism for developing complex motor skills and developing motor skills. It has been found out that the sphere of physical education and rehabilitation of society is an important element of modern man's life, so as a direction of state policy it has been from the beginning in the field of attention of specialists of international level in various fields of scientific knowledge. The features of organizational and managerial forms of physical education development of the most developed European countries, USA, China and Japan are characterized. Conclusions. As a result of researches it is found out that at the present stage the essence of sport, and especially its recreational types, is included in the system of physical education of most foreign countries. The primary interest is health sports, which are given special attention in the US, Europe and other Asian countries. According to international experience, sport is of great value and it deserves that scientists explore the future of wellness and its positioning within the overall role of health and leisure services. Keywords: health, wellness, physical education, physical culture, sport, healthy lifestyle, gymnastics, wellness gymnastics.

Download Full-text

Focus of Attention Verbalizations in Beginning Band: A Multiple Case Study

Journal of Research in Music Education ◽

10.1177/0022429420973638 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 002242942097363

Author(s):

John E. Parsons ◽

Amy L. Simmons

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Multiple Case Study ◽

Focus Of Attention ◽

Beginning Band ◽

External Focus ◽

Video Recordings ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Multiple Case ◽

Complex Motor Skills

Although the effects of focus of attention (FOA) on the performance of gross motor skills are now well understood, less is known about the role of FOA in naturalistic classroom settings where learners are engaged in the ongoing acquisition and refinement of complex motor skills. The purpose of this study, the first of its kind, was to explore how music teachers focus learners’ attention on physical actions (internal focus) and on the effects of those actions (external focus). We recorded three experienced band directors teaching beginner classes (sixth graders) and completed a content analysis of video recordings to describe (a) teachers’ use of internally focused (IF) and externally focused (EF) verbalizations and (b) patterns among IF and EF verbalizations. These teachers most often directed student attention to internal aspects of performance, and they also paired IF and EF statements to clearly convey how those actions affect external outcomes. Although our descriptive multiple case study design precludes generalization, these data suggest possibilities for future studies that could explore relationships between teachers’ FOA verbalizations and skill development in music classrooms.

Download Full-text

Biomechanical modeling as a practical tool for predicting injury risk related to repetitive muscle lengthening during learning and training of human complex motor skills

SpringerPlus ◽

10.1186/s40064-016-2067-y ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bingjun Wan ◽

Gongbing Shan

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Biomechanical Modeling ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Practical Tool ◽

Complex Motor Skills ◽

And Training ◽

Human Complex

Download Full-text

Acquisition of Novel and Complex Motor Skills: Stable Solutions Where Intrinsic Noise Matters Less

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology - Progress in Motor Control ◽

10.1007/978-1-4939-1338-1_8 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 101-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Dagmar Sternad ◽

Meghan E. Huber ◽

Nikita Kuznetsov

Keyword(s):

Motor Skills ◽

Intrinsic Noise ◽

Complex Motor ◽

Stable Solutions ◽

Complex Motor Skills

Download Full-text

Examining Gender Differences, Personality Traits, Academic Performance, and Motivation in Ukrainian and Polish Students of Physical Education: A Cross-Cultural Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165729 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5729 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cezary Kuśnierz ◽

Aleksandra M. Rogowska ◽

Iuliia Pavlova

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Physical Education ◽

Intrinsic Motivation ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Academic Motivation ◽

Five Factor Model ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship

Background: This study examined the relationship of academic performance with the Big Five traits of personality, academic motivation, and gender in a cross-cultural context. Methods: Participants in the study were 424 university students of physical education (PE) departments from Poland (53%) and Ukraine (47%). Undergraduates completed a brief version of the International Personality Item Pool (Mini-IPIP) to assess the Five-Factor model of personality, the Academic Motivations Scale (AMS), and grade point average (GPA). Results: Polish PE students scored higher in emotional stability and extroversion and had a higher GPA than Ukrainian PE undergraduates. Gender differences were found in both personality traits and academic motivation scales. Intrinsic motivation may predict academic performance. Conscientiousness and intellect emerged as mediators of the relationship between intrinsic motivation and academic performance and gender was found as a moderator in the relationship between conscientiousness and academic success. Conclusions: Women are more motivated regarding academic achievements than men. In addition to intrinsic motivation, the most important factors for academic grades are some personality traits, gender, and cultural differences. Openness and conscientiousness in men are mediators between intrinsic motivation and academic performance. The results of this study may be useful for PE academic teachers to improve the motivation of their students.

Download Full-text

Motor Skill Interventions to Improve Fundamental Movement Skills of Preschoolers With Developmental Delay

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.28.3.210 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 210-232 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Megan A. Kirk ◽

Ryan E. Rhodes

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Developmental Delay ◽

Motor Skill ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Intervention Effect ◽

Object Control ◽

Robust Designs ◽

Movement Skills ◽

Fundamental Movement Skills ◽

And Gender

Preschoolers with developmental delay (DD) are at risk for poor fundamental movement skills (FMS), but a paucity of early FMS interventions exist. The purpose of this review was to critically appraise the existing interventions to establish direction for future trials targeting preschoolers with DD. A total of 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. Major findings were summarized based on common subtopics of overall intervention effect, locomotor skill outcomes, object-control outcomes, and gender differences. Trials ranged from 8 to 24 weeks and offered 540–1700 min of instruction. The majority of trials (n = 9) significantly improved FMS of preschoolers with DD, with a large intervention effect (η2 = 0.57–0.85). This review supports the utility of interventions to improve FMS of preschoolers with DD. Future researchers are encouraged to include more robust designs, a theoretical framework, and involvement of parents and teachers in the delivery of the intervention.

Download Full-text

Do Children Accurately Estimate Their Performance of Fundamental Movement Skills?

Journal of Motor Learning and Development ◽

10.1123/jmld.2016-0030 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 193-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gabriela Almeida ◽

Carlos Luz ◽

Rui Martins ◽

Rita Cordovil

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Motor Competence ◽

Balance Beam ◽

Actual Performance ◽

Movement Skills ◽

Fundamental Movement Skills ◽

The Relationship ◽

Different Levels ◽

Walking Backward

An inaccurate perception of motor competence might compromise the engagement of children in physical activities and might be a problem in terms of safety in physical education classes or at playgrounds. The relationship between estimation and actual performance in children with different levels of performance in fundamental movement skills (FMS) was analyzed. Three hundred and three children (aged 6–10 years) were ranked according to their performance in FMS tasks: jumping, kicking, throwing, and walking backward (WB) on a balance beam. Tertiles were created for each task according to children’s performance. Before performing the tasks, children estimated their maximum performance. Absolute percent errors (i.e., deviation percentage from accurate estimations) and error tendency (i.e., frequency of underestimations, right judgments, or overestimations) were calculated. All performance groups tended to overestimate their skills at all tasks, except for the upper tertile group at the WB task (underestimation tendency). After controlling for age, children in the lower tertiles were consistently less accurate than children in the upper tertiles, exhibiting greater absolute percent errors for all the tasks. The overestimation tendency that was found might positively influence children’s engagement in physical activities, but unrealistic estimations might be a problem in terms of safety.

Download Full-text