scholarly journals The Measurement of Height Via 3D Scans of the Seventh Cervical Vertebra in Iranian Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Omid Motamedi ◽  
Arash Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Linear Differential

Background: The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and maybe the only remains of a deceased, and their role in determining the height of the deceased has been underestimated. The present study investigated the role of linear differential dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae in determining the height of the Iranian adult population using CT scans.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, height were evaluated by 10 indices of the seventh cervical vertebra. The indices were obtained through a CT scan of 66 adult patients, ≥18 years of age, who referred to Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar hospitals for spine CT scan. The sampling method was random, and the study was performed during the first six months of 2018. Results: Four indices of the Length of the Inferior Facets) LIF, (Length of the Inferior Surface of the Vertebral Body) LIVB, (Width of the Inf surface of the Vertebral Body) WIVB, (Length of Spinous Process ) LSP. were statistically significant differences.Conclusion: The results of this study show the accuracy of linear dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae for determining height from skeletal remains in the Iranian adult population.

scholarly journals Estimating Sex from second and seventh cervical vertebras in Iranian adult population using Computed Tomography scan images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Arezoo Amiri ◽  
Omid Motamedi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Metric Dimensions

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to estimating the sex from several metric dimensions of second and seventh cervical vertebras using Computed Tomography (CT) scan images of a series of Iranian adult populations. In this study, sexual dimorphism of 15 indexes of second cervical vertebra and 10 indexes of the seventh cervical vertebra were investigated. Indexes were obtained from CT scan images of 70 patients who underwent CT scan imaging for other indications.Results Among measured dimensions of the second vertebra, 9 were associated with sex. Of these indexes, Maximum width of the superior Facet and Maximum height of axis were independent predictors of sex with correct sex classification of 81.4% when used in combination. Four of 10 seventh vertebra’s indexes were associated with sex: Length of superior facets, Length of the inferior surface of the vertebral body, Width of the inferior surface of the vertebral body, and the Length of spinous process. Length of the inferior surface of the vertebral body and the Length of spinous process were independent sex predictors and together provided sex classification accuracy of 78.6%. We found considerable accuracy in sex classification by using metric dimensions of second and seventh cervical vertebras in the Iranian adult population.

scholarly journals Height estimation based on second cervical vertebra measured using three-dimensional computed tomographic scanning in Iranian adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Omid Motamedi ◽  
Mohammadreza Khaleghi ◽  
Mehdi Pouromidi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
The Body ◽  
Height Estimation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Linear Dimensions

Abstract Objectives The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and therefore may be the only remnants of a dead body. The present study aims to investigate the role of several linear dimensions of the second cervical vertebrae measured by Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Scanning (3D CT Scan) in height estimation of Iranian adult population. In this cross-sectional study, height determination was performed by measuring 15 indexes of the second cervical vertebrae. Indexes were obtained by screening cervical CT scan of 66 patients (33 males and 33 females) aged ≥ 18 years at Rasoul Hospital. Chi square, T student and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was considered to be < 0.05. Result In the total population, among the indexes for the second cervical vertebrae, the Max height of the axis (AMA) (r = 0.470, P = 0.0001), Max length of the axis (CMA) (r = 0.320, P = 0.007), and Sagittal max body diameter (DSMC) (r = 0.281, P = 0.019) had a strong and positive correlation with height. The results of this study showed the accuracy of linear dimensions of cervical vertebrae in determining the body height of the Iranian adult population.

scholarly journals Functional cervicothoracic boundary modified by anatomical shifts in the neck of giraffes

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megu Gunji ◽  
Hideki Endo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Thoracic Vertebra ◽  
Large Displacement ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neck Movement ◽  
Similar Shape ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Longus Colli

Here we examined the kinematic function of the morpho- logically unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes. The first thoracic vertebra of the giraffe displayed similar shape to the seventh cervical vertebra in general ruminants. The flexion experiment using giraffe carcasses demonstrated that the first thoracic vertebra exhibited a higher dorsoventral mobility than other thoracic vertebrae. Despite the presence of costovertebral joints, restriction in the intervertebral movement imposed by ribs is minimized around the first thoracic vertebra by subtle changes of the articular system between the vertebra and ribs. The attachment area of musculus longus colli , mainly responsible for ventral flexion of the neck, is partly shifted posteriorly in the giraffe so that the force generated by muscles is exerted on the cervical vertebrae and on the first thoracic vertebra. These anatomical modifications allow the first thoracic vertebra to adopt the kinematic function of a cervical vertebra in giraffes. The novel movable articulation in the thorax functions as a fulcrum of neck movement and results in a large displacement of reachable space in the cranial end of the neck. The unique first thoracic vertebra in giraffes provides higher flexibility to the neck and may provide advantages for high browsing and/or male competition behaviours specific to giraffes.

The face and superficial neck

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin E. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Column ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thoracic Vertebrae ◽  
The Face

The surface anatomies of the face and neck and their supporting structures that can be palpated have been described in Chapter 20. It is now time to move to the structures that lie under the skin but which cannot be identified by touch starting with the neck and moving up on to the face and scalp. The cervical vertebral column comprises the seven cervical vertebrae and the intervening intervertebral discs. These have the same basic structure as the thoracic vertebrae described in Section 10.1.1. Examine the features of the cervical vertebra shown in Figure 23.1 and compare it with the thoracic vertebra shown in Figure 10.3. You will see that cervical vertebrae have a small body and a large vertebral foramen. They also have two distinguishing features, a bifid spinous process and a transverse foramen, piercing each transverse process; the vertebral vessels travel through these foramina. The first and second vertebrae are modified. The first vertebra, the atlas, has no body. Instead, it has two lateral masses connected by anterior and posterior arches. The lateral masses have concave superior facets which articulate with the occipital condyles where nodding movements of the head take place at the atlanto-occipital joints. The second cervical vertebra, the axis, has a strong odontoid process (or dens because of its supposed resemblance to a tooth) projecting upwards from its body. This process is, in fact, the body of the first vertebra which has fused with the body of the axis instead of being incorporated into the atlas. The front of the dens articulates with the back of the anterior arch of the atlas; rotary (shaking) movements of the head occur at this joint. The seventh cervical vertebra has a very long spinous process which is easily palpable. The primary curvature of the vertebral column is concave forwards and this persists in the thoracic and pelvic regions. In contrast, the cervical and lumbar parts of the vertebral column are convexly curved anteriorly. These anterior curvatures are secondary curvatures which appear in late fetal life. The cervical curvature becomes accentuated in early childhood as the child begins to support its own head and the lumbar curve develops as the child begins to sit up.

Gross morphological and biometrical Studies on the typical cervical vertebrae of Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sathapathy ◽  
B.S. Dhote ◽  
I. Singh ◽  
D. Mahanta ◽  
S. Tamilselvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Transverse Foramen ◽  
The Third

The present study was carried out on the third (C3), fourth (C4) and fifth (C5) cervical vertebrae of six specimens of adult Blue bull (Boselaphus tragocamelus) of either sex. It was found that the transverse process was bifid with a transverse foramen located at its base. The upper part of the transverse process projected backward and was short and stout, while the lower part was directed downward and forward and was found to be longer and more plate-like. The bodies of C3-C5 tended to become shorter and wider from front to backwards. The supraspinous process was found to be short and centrally tuberous in C3 that gradually increased in height and length to C5 with forward inclination. The articular processes of the typical cervical vertebrae slightly convex cranially and concave caudally. The posterior articular facets of C5 were egg shaped, whereas those of C4 were like the map of Africa in the Blue bull. A well defined infraspinous process projected from the vertebral body that divided the base into two halves. The biometrical observations on different parameters of typical cervical vertebra reflected significance (P less than 0.05) differences between the sexes of this species.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Transspinal Direct Current Stimulation For Cerebral Circulation Correction

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Sirbiladze ◽  
Galina A. Suslova ◽  
Dmitrij Ju. Pinchuk ◽  
Timur K. Sirbiladze
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Potential Use

Research objective: to prove the potential use of Trans spinal direct current stimulation for treatment of brain systems functioning disturbance attached with regulation of vasal tonus. Identify the most effective localizations and exposure regimens, so that in the future they can be used purposefully, for the treatment of cerebral blood flow disorders. Materials and methods. 38 children aged 4-12 years were examined who were treated with TSDCS and who had EEG at the beginning of the course of treatment – signs of hemolytic dysfunction with ICD-10 diagnoses as mental retardation (F70-F79), disorders of psychological development (F80-F89) or as behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (F90-F98). The following examinations were performed: an electroencephalogram, a neurological examination. The trans spinal direct current stimulation was carried out by a constant current of 100-200 μA, during 30-40 min. At the same time, the cathode was located lateral from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra C7, and the anode counterlaterally to the cathode in the lumbosacral region at the level of the spinous processes L5-S1. A total of 3 to 5 sessions of TSDCS were conducted. A repeat EEG examination with the determination of Hemolucleodynamics Coefficient (HC) was performed 7-10 days after the last TSMP session. Result. After the course of TSDCS, all patients significantly decreased the HC score. In 27 patients (71%) patients, HC decreased to the norm value (≤1,2). In 23 patients (29%), HC values corresponded to the first degree of hemolytic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Pedicle Morphometry of Sub Axial Cervical Spine using Computed Tomography Scans among Adult Ugandan Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ssebuggwawo Jonathan ◽  
Wani Muzeyi ◽  
Erem Geoffrey ◽  
Waiswa Gonzaga ◽  
SSekitooleko badru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Pedicle Width ◽  
Ugandan Population

Abstract Background: Accurate placement of pedicle screws in the sub axial cervical spine requires precise understanding of vertebrae anatomy. Little is known about the morphometric characteristics of the sub axial cervical pedicle in the Ugandan population. The objective of the study was to determine the morphometric dimensions of pedicles in the sub axial cervical spine among the adult Ugandan population. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study from March to November 2019 among adult Ugandans with a normal cervical CT scan at Nsambya hospital in Kampala. Eligible participants were consecutively recruited into the study. Data on baseline characteristics and pedicle dimensions from the CT scan findings were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using Stata 13.0. Pedicle dimensions for the different levels of sub axial cervical vertebrae were summarised as means and standard deviations, the Mann Whitney test was used to compare pedicle dimensions for the different vertebrae level among females and males on both right and left side and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 700 sub axial cervical pedicles (C3-C7) from 49 males and 21 female participants were studied. Pedicle width diameter showed cephalo-caudal gradual increment from C3 [1.65(0.63) mm] to [3.46(0.75) mm] at C7. Pedicle height also showed an increase caudally with smallest diameter at C3 [1.98(0.76) mm] and largest at C5 in females [3.67(6.42) mm] and at C7in males [3.83(0.76) mm]. The pedicle height was wider than the pedicle width at all levels. The pedicle chord length gradually increased caudally in both sexes ranging from [29.08(1.35) mm] at C3 to [32.53(3.19) mm] at C7. The axial angles were oriented medially and showed no consistent trend ranging between 500 and 530. The sagittal angles decreased as one moved from C3 to C7. The dimensions of females were significantly smaller than in males.Conclusion: Pedicle endosteal width was smaller than pedicle height dimensions at all levels. Pedicle cord length increased caudally. The pedicle dimensions except angulations, were smaller in females than in males.

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