scholarly journals Estimating Sex from second and seventh cervical vertebras in Iranian adult population using Computed Tomography scan images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Arezoo Amiri ◽  
Omid Motamedi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Metric Dimensions

Abstract Objectives The study aimed to estimating the sex from several metric dimensions of second and seventh cervical vertebras using Computed Tomography (CT) scan images of a series of Iranian adult populations. In this study, sexual dimorphism of 15 indexes of second cervical vertebra and 10 indexes of the seventh cervical vertebra were investigated. Indexes were obtained from CT scan images of 70 patients who underwent CT scan imaging for other indications.Results Among measured dimensions of the second vertebra, 9 were associated with sex. Of these indexes, Maximum width of the superior Facet and Maximum height of axis were independent predictors of sex with correct sex classification of 81.4% when used in combination. Four of 10 seventh vertebra’s indexes were associated with sex: Length of superior facets, Length of the inferior surface of the vertebral body, Width of the inferior surface of the vertebral body, and the Length of spinous process. Length of the inferior surface of the vertebral body and the Length of spinous process were independent sex predictors and together provided sex classification accuracy of 78.6%. We found considerable accuracy in sex classification by using metric dimensions of second and seventh cervical vertebras in the Iranian adult population.

scholarly journals The Measurement of Height Via 3D Scans of the Seventh Cervical Vertebra in Iranian Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Omid Motamedi ◽  
Arash Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inferior Surface ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Linear Differential

Background: The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and maybe the only remains of a deceased, and their role in determining the height of the deceased has been underestimated. The present study investigated the role of linear differential dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae in determining the height of the Iranian adult population using CT scans.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, height were evaluated by 10 indices of the seventh cervical vertebra. The indices were obtained through a CT scan of 66 adult patients, ≥18 years of age, who referred to Rasoul Akram and Firoozgar hospitals for spine CT scan. The sampling method was random, and the study was performed during the first six months of 2018. Results: Four indices of the Length of the Inferior Facets) LIF, (Length of the Inferior Surface of the Vertebral Body) LIVB, (Width of the Inf surface of the Vertebral Body) WIVB, (Length of Spinous Process ) LSP. were statistically significant differences.Conclusion: The results of this study show the accuracy of linear dimensions of the seventh cervical vertebrae for determining height from skeletal remains in the Iranian adult population.

EVALUATION OF IRRADIATION DOSES DELIVERED TO PATIENTS IN COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY EXAMINATIONS IN 10 RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENTS IN DOUALA-CAMEROON

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-295
Author(s):  
Celestin Mpeke Mokubangele ◽  
Alexandre Ngwa Ebongue ◽  
Francisse Ouogue ◽  
Daniel Bongue ◽  
Boniface Moifo
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Adults And Children

Abstract Computed tomography (CT) scan is currently the most irradiating radio diagnostic procedure for the patients. The effective dose delivered by a CT-scan exploration corresponds to 1–20 years of natural irradiation of an individual. Hence, there is need to evaluate this medical exposure, in order to provide indicators and propose guidelines for its daily practice. The purpose of this work was to assess patient exposure levels due to CT-scan exams and propose a local diagnostic reference levels for the most common CT examinations performed in the radiology units of Douala/Cameroon. Data from 1775 CT scans, amongst which 10 different types of common CT examinations on adults and children, were collected, of which 1378 were adult CT scans and 397 were pediatric CT scans. The dose-length product (DLP) values in the adult population for head, abdomen–pelvic and lumber spine CT scans were high as compared to the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety recommendations and previous local DRL with an increase of 36, 15 and 23%, respectively. A general decrease of the DLP for CT-scans examinations in the pediatric population was observed.

scholarly journals Potential Use of Transspinal Direct Current Stimulation For Cerebral Circulation Correction

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
George K. Sirbiladze ◽  
Galina A. Suslova ◽  
Dmitrij Ju. Pinchuk ◽  
Timur K. Sirbiladze
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Lumbosacral Region ◽  
Direct Current Stimulation ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Potential Use

Research objective: to prove the potential use of Trans spinal direct current stimulation for treatment of brain systems functioning disturbance attached with regulation of vasal tonus. Identify the most effective localizations and exposure regimens, so that in the future they can be used purposefully, for the treatment of cerebral blood flow disorders. Materials and methods. 38 children aged 4-12 years were examined who were treated with TSDCS and who had EEG at the beginning of the course of treatment – signs of hemolytic dysfunction with ICD-10 diagnoses as mental retardation (F70-F79), disorders of psychological development (F80-F89) or as behavioural and emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence (F90-F98). The following examinations were performed: an electroencephalogram, a neurological examination. The trans spinal direct current stimulation was carried out by a constant current of 100-200 μA, during 30-40 min. At the same time, the cathode was located lateral from the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra C7, and the anode counterlaterally to the cathode in the lumbosacral region at the level of the spinous processes L5-S1. A total of 3 to 5 sessions of TSDCS were conducted. A repeat EEG examination with the determination of Hemolucleodynamics Coefficient (HC) was performed 7-10 days after the last TSMP session. Result. After the course of TSDCS, all patients significantly decreased the HC score. In 27 patients (71%) patients, HC decreased to the norm value (≤1,2). In 23 patients (29%), HC values corresponded to the first degree of hemolytic dysfunction.

scholarly journals Height estimation based on second cervical vertebra measured using three-dimensional computed tomographic scanning in Iranian adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Reza Saadat Mostafavi ◽  
Azadeh Memarian ◽  
Omid Motamedi ◽  
Mohammadreza Khaleghi ◽  
Mehdi Pouromidi
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
The Body ◽  
Height Estimation ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Linear Dimensions

Abstract Objectives The cervical vertebrae are more durable than other skeletal components, and therefore may be the only remnants of a dead body. The present study aims to investigate the role of several linear dimensions of the second cervical vertebrae measured by Three-Dimensional Computed Tomographic Scanning (3D CT Scan) in height estimation of Iranian adult population. In this cross-sectional study, height determination was performed by measuring 15 indexes of the second cervical vertebrae. Indexes were obtained by screening cervical CT scan of 66 patients (33 males and 33 females) aged ≥ 18 years at Rasoul Hospital. Chi square, T student and logistic regression tests were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was considered to be < 0.05. Result In the total population, among the indexes for the second cervical vertebrae, the Max height of the axis (AMA) (r = 0.470, P = 0.0001), Max length of the axis (CMA) (r = 0.320, P = 0.007), and Sagittal max body diameter (DSMC) (r = 0.281, P = 0.019) had a strong and positive correlation with height. The results of this study showed the accuracy of linear dimensions of cervical vertebrae in determining the body height of the Iranian adult population.

Expiratory reserve volume and vital capacity of the lungs during immersion in water

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Craig ◽  
M. Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Hydrostatic Pressure ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Sitting Position ◽  
Anatomic Landmarks ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Negative Pressure Breathing

The effects of immersion by 5-cm increments on the expiratory reserve volume of the lungs (ERV) and on the vital capacity were studied in the sitting and supine positions. These effects were compared to those produced by continuous negative-pressure breathing when the subjects were in air and were counteracted by positive pressure breathing during immersion. The depth of immersion was also related to definable anatomic landmarks. In the sitting position about one-fourth of the decrease in the ERV was accounted for by the hydrostatic pressure of the water on the abdomen and the remainder by the pressure on the thorax. Immersion to the level of the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra was equivalent to 28 cmH2o continuous negative pressure breathing in air. In the supine position, a comparable value was 8 cmH2o. These observations agree well with those of others if differences in the levels of immersion are accounted for.

Anatomy of the Nuchal Ligament and Its Surgical Applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 61 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. ONS301-ONS304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A.S. Kadri ◽  
Ossama Al-Mefty
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Trapezius Muscle ◽  
Areolar Tissue ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Medial Side ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Nuchal Ligament

Abstract Objective: Although considered a basic maneuver for neurosurgical procedures, dissection of the musculature of the posterior cervical spine can be a source of complications during surgery. These complications include excessive blood loss, a loss of the plane of dissection, and injury to important structures such as the vertebral artery and nerve roots. Inappropriate closing of the muscular plane might also contribute to leakage of spinal fluid and postoperative deformation of the cervical spine. We review the anatomy of the nuchal ligament and describe a technical nuance based on the characteristics of the ligament's components, which can be used to assure the midline for a bloodless and atraumatic dissection. Methods: We set out to determine whether or not the nuchal ligament could be used as a natural plane of dissection for splitting the posterior cervical musculature. We studied the anatomy of the nuchal ligament in five cadavers. Results: The nuchal ligament extends from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7). It is covered by layers of cervical fascia and the aponeurosis of the trapezius muscle. It is composed of two portions: 1) the lamellar portion, an anterior double-layered portion with fatty areolar tissue interposed between its layers that inserts into the medial side of the bifid spinous process of the cervical vertebra; and 2) the funicular portion, a posterior fibrous portion that corresponds to the fusion of the layers of the lamellar portion. Conclusion: Several steps can assure that the midline plane is respected, thereby decreasing risk and reducing trauma and blood loss during dissection: 1) dissection of the nuchal ligament within the fatty areolar tissue of the lamellar portion, 2) isolation and incision of the funicular portion from inside to outside, and 3) retrograde dissection of the cerviconuchal muscles attached to the occipital bone in a subperiosteal plane.

scholarly journals Comparison of neck length, relative neck length and height with incidence of cervical spondylosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Bushra Ahmed ◽  
Aisha Qamar ◽  
Muhammad Imran ◽  
Muhammad Faisal Fahim
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cervical Spondylosis ◽  
Spinous Process ◽  
Cervical Vertebra ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Seventh Cervical Vertebra

Objective: To compare the neck length, relative neck length and height between patients with cervical spondylosis and healthy subjects. Methods: This case control study was conducted at Patel hospital, Karachi after the ethical approval of Bahria University Medical and Dental College (BUMDC) and Patel hospital from September 2018 - February 2019. It enrolled eighty eight cases of cervical spondylosis and eighty eight healthy subjects. Radiographs were taken in the lateral view and neck length was measured as the distance from external occipital protuberance to seventh cervical vertebra spinous process. Then relative neck length was measured by dividing the neck length with height and multiplying it by 100. The Kellgren Lawrence grade scale was used to assess the severity of cervical spondylosis. Results: A total of 176 participants were analyzed. It was found that the height remains the significant determinant. The comparison of cases with control group was done using independent T-test which showed that the cases were significantly shorter than controls with a p-value < 0.05. The other variables such as neck length, and relative neck length were insignificant. Conclusion: Short height can be considered as a risk factor for cervical spondylosis. Short-statured individuals should be counseled to adopt measures for the prevention of cervical spondylosis. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.832 How to cite this:Ahmed SB, Qamar A, Imram M, Fahim MF. Comparison of neck length, relative neck length and height with incidence of cervical spondylosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.2.832 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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