Derivatives: Theoretical Approach Accounting for Market Realities

2003 ◽  
pp. 41-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zabulonov
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Sfas 133 ◽  
Regulatory Statute

The article analyses how different factors, including market environment and intra-firm factors, have influenced the rapid development of derivatives market during the last 20 years. The author studies the fundamental concept of the derivative instruments regulation (SFAS 133) and proposes some amendments to the regulatory statute. He also builds a conceptual model of the derivative instrument and suggests a system for derivative instruments classification. The analysis of modern derivative instruments' potentially harmful characteristics is also carried out.

Bank External Financing and Early Adoption of SFAS 133

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850015
Author(s):  
Sophia I-Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Bank Holding Companies ◽  
Holding Companies ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Sfas 133

This study examines whether and how US bank holding companies that early adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” experience changes in their external financing activities relative to banks that did not early adopt the standard. Consistent with predictions, the study shows that early adopters hold higher and experience greater changes in their leverage compared with nonearly adopters. In addition, early adopters experience greater shifts in weights of liabilities other than insured deposits in banks’ funding mix. This finding is consistent with banking literature which states that banks have shifted towards nondeposit debts to finance their balance sheet growth.

Study on Internet Direct Marketing for Luxuries in China

2010 ◽  
Vol 439-440 ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Qing Hua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Direct Marketing ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Luxury Consumption ◽  
Domestic Environment ◽  
Luxury Market

Luxury consumption in China has seen a rapid development over recent years. From the eyes of luxury suppliers, China is a huge market with the highest potential which is not yet fully opened. Considering the market environment in China and comparing with method in developing the traditional physical stores, suppliers will tend to choose internet direct marketing as means when developing new market, which will be an excellent supplement or even a replacement in this concept. The paper make an introduction of luxury, then analyze the possible problems of internet direct marketing for luxuries under existing domestic environment and bring forward the countermeasure to deal with them. The paper is helpful for the development of luxury market in China. With the situation in China fully considered, most of the conclusions are useful and practical.

The Victim's Experience and Fear of Crime

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Kury ◽  
Theodore Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Large Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fundamental Concept ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Public Concern

With the rapid development of sophisticated victim surveys, the fear of crime has emerged as a fundamental concept in theoretical and practical discourse. Since publication of the Report of the President's Commission The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society (1967), the fear of offenders has become a major public concern in the United States alongside the mounting problem of crime itself. The flourishing of national crime surveys in the United States and in Europe has in turn led to large data sets examining carefully not only the knowledge and experience of the victims regarding criminality but also the fear of offenders and its causes ( cf. Herbert and Darwood, 1992; p. 145). We shall offer first, a review of research on these issues in Europe and the United States, and then we shall report our research that has probed these issues in a focused manner.

Challenges in a mobile English telecollaborative project: Towards a conceptual model

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Junjie Gavin Wu ◽  
Mark Feng Teng ◽  
Miller Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Community Of Inquiry Framework

This paper, drawing upon a mobile telecollaborative project, resonates with the rapid development of technology in language learning. We employed the instant messaging app WeChat to create an English telecollaborative environment for two groups of Chinese students to communicate within. Interview data were triangulated with students’ chat transcripts and comments from a teacher’s reflective journal. A mixed-methods approach, including quantitative descriptive analysis, thematic analysis and content analysis, was used to investigate the challenges and the linguistic performance by applying the community of inquiry framework to the students’ chats. The analysis illustrates some of the complexities and challenges of using online apps as a way of communicating in a second language: students expected more teacher support, they struggled to use the app due to their physical environments and they felt that they were not sufficiently well prepared for chatting in an English medium environment. Based on the findings, a conceptual model is proposed for consideration when encouraging students to engage in telecollaborative learning. Implications for practice or policy: Teachers should enhance their visibility in mobile telecollaborative projects by promoting participants’ contribution through different facilitation techniques. Teachers and educators can capitalise on the proposed conceptual model to guide their own design of such online learning experiences for their learners. Telecollaborative learning can be improved by taking into account various factors such as physical environment, the medium of communication and the potential incentives.

scholarly journals Research on the Integration Development Mode of China’s Media Industry and Capital Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 03076
Author(s):  
Yutong Miao
Keyword(s):  
Capital Market ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Market Environment ◽  
Development Mode ◽  
Financing Mode ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Capital Market

With the rapid development of Internet and digital technology, China’s media industry has been developing rapidly in this context, but at the same time, it also exposed some practical problems such as the shortage of funds. The effective integration with the capital market is the future development trend. Therefore, this paper establishes the research on the integration development mode of China’s media industry and capital market. This paper makes an in-depth study on the current media industry and capital market. Through this study, it is believed that the current media industry in China has reached the bottleneck of development, and the shortage of funds has restricted the sustainable development of enterprises. The capital market is also optimistic about the market prospect of media industry, but it is subject to the current open policy and market environment. In view of this situation, this paper analyzes the structure of the media industry and the main forms of the extra industry capital entering the media industry. It is believed that the biggest reason for the media industry’s demand for capital comes from the fact that many media enterprises have changed from the original public institutions into self-financing enterprises without the financial support of the government. In this paper, combined with the main characteristics of China’s media industry, as well as the current capital market environment, integrated with advanced financial management concepts, put forward the development of media financing mode with Chinese characteristics, which makes up for the shortcomings of the current media financing mode.

scholarly journals Variables influencing the use of derivatives in South Africa – the development of a conceptual model

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Schwegler ◽  
Suzette Viviers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Price Determination ◽  
Product Availability ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Asset Classes ◽  
Level Of Risk

This paper, which is the first in a two-part series, sets out the development of a conceptual model on the variables influencing investors’ decisions to use derivatives in their portfolios. Investor-specific variables include: the investor’s needs, goals and return expectations, the investor’s knowledge of financial markets, familiarity with different asset classes including derivative instruments, and the investor’s level of wealth and level of risk tolerance. Market-specific variables include: the level of volatility, standardisation, regulation and liquidity in a market, the level of information available on derivatives, the transparency of price determination, taxes, brokerage costs and product availability.

scholarly journals What encourages citizens to use e-government? A rapid review and comprehensive model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Faulkner ◽  
Bradley Jorgensen ◽  
Kim Borg
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
User Perceptions ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Service Characteristics

E-government has the potential to bring substantial benefits to societies by increasing the effectiveness, efficiency, and transparency of government. To attain these benefits, citizens need to be willing to adopt and use e-government services, yet adoption has been identified by researchers as the largest risk facing e-government. Here we use a rapid review methodology to systematically and efficiently compile and synthesise research on the causes and correlates of citizen adoption of e-government services. Through this synthesis, we develop a comprehensive conceptual model of the drivers of citizens’ use of e-government. Our model includes eighteen predictors of e-government use across four categories: user perceptions; user background; environmental characteristics; and, service characteristics. It includes a broader array of factors than any other major theoretical approach, and effectively integrates several theories into a single comprehensive model of e-government adoption. Our review also identifies gaps in knowledge, and finds that further research is needed to test whether the relationships identified in existing research are causal, and to develop and test interventions that effectively increase citizens’ adoption of e-government.

scholarly journals THE INTEGRATION OF 3D SPATIAL AND NON – SPATIAL COMPONENT FOR STRATA MANAGEMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W16 ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
F. Mohd Hanafi ◽  
M. I. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Large Population ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Conceptual Data

Abstract. Nowadays, due to rapid development and large populations especially in urban areas has caused indoor spaces of buildings becomes bigger and more complex. In most developing countries, the needs of advance cadastre systems and land administration are vital due to rapid development and large population area especially in the city centre such as Kuala Lumpur. More populations have caused more limited space, which explains the need to build a more vertical building. Due to this, an efficient strata management are required for managing the strata title. A study of country-based profile on cadastre domain standard has been conceptualized for land administration in Malaysia that allows integration of 2D and 3D representation of spatial units with supports of both formal and informal Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities (RRR). Since this research used Malaysia cadastre management as a case study, the proposed model for the Malaysian land administration country profile was embedded in the integration model. Meanwhile, a new working item proposal for LADM Edition II has been introduced on the idea of encoding further integration of land administration with an existing standard such as IndoorGML. Hence, this paper proposes a conceptual model on the integration between both legal space (indoor) and legal object using LADM Edition II and IndoorGML standards for strata purposes. Three objectives had been recognized to achieve the aim of the study. Firstly, to identify the integration of spatial components and non-spatial components for strata management. The second is to develop a conceptual data model for strata with the integration of LADM Edition II and IndoorGML and lastly, is to develop a prototype to validate the proposed conceptual data model. Thus, the development of the conceptual model may provide insights or ideas for future work and land administration on strata purposes.

scholarly journals A Brief Analysis of Derivative Financial Instrument Accounting and China's Countermeasures

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Jiaying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Financial Instrument ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Value Measurement ◽  
China’S Economy

<p>In recent years, with the rapid development of China's economy, derivative financial instruments are more widely used in China's enterprises. This paper studies the accounting for derivative financial instruments, which brings great challenges and risks to the development of many enterprises because of its high stakes and high returns. Therefore, to deal with the challenges, China should reformulate accounting confirmation standards, adopt a variety of value measurement, improve accounting statements, strengthen the accounting supervision of derivative instruments risks and other scientific and effective coping strategies.</p><br /><!--EndFragment-->

Accounting for derivatives and risk management activities

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abiot Mindaye Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Product Market ◽  
Product Market Competition ◽  
Management Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Derivative Instruments ◽  
Sfas 133 ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The lessons and merits of changes in the recognition and disclosure of derivative instruments and hedging activities are still debated and are a major policy issue. Prior studies provide mixed evidences on the economic consequences of mandatory derivative instruments ' recognition and disclosure. This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on the impact of mandatory derivative instruments ' recognition and disclosure on managers’ risk-management behavior. More importantly, this paper aims to investigate the role of product market competition on the impact of mandatory derivative instruments ' recognition and disclosure on managers’ risk-management behavior. Design/methodology/approach – This paper tests the author ' s hypotheses using the fixed-effects estimation technique, where it includes firm dummies in all the regressions. This approach enables to control for unobserved firm effects (fixed effects) on firms’ risk-management behavior that are assumed to be constant through time but vary across firms. Findings – The author finds that mandatory recognition and disclosure of derivative instruments and hedging activities, on average, decreases firms’ market rate risk exposure. This finding suggests that after the implementation of the recognition and disclosure of derivative instruments and hedging activities required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 133 (SFAS 133), firms engage in more prudent risk-management activities to mitigate the potential cost of earnings volatility imposed by the standard. However, the decrease in market rate risk exposure is lower when the level of product market competition is higher. This finding is consistent with the idea that the recognition and disclosure of derivative instruments and hedging activities required by SFAS 133 unintentionally forces firms in competitive industries to engage in significant risk-taking. The result suggests that more disclosure in risk management may change risk-management incentives in undesirable ways if firms face the threat of entry in their product markets. Practical/implications – The results provide a new understanding on the role of product market competition on the effectiveness of mandatory derivative instruments ' recognition and disclosure. The findings imply that standard setters should take product market competition into consideration before making derivative instruments and hedging activities ' recognition and disclosure mandatory for all firms. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the accounting literature by providing a new insight into the moderating role of product market competition in the accounting recognition and disclosure regulation and firms’ reporting behavior relation. Moreover, the paper extends the current literature on the effects of SFAS 133 on risk-management activities and sheds light on the impact of accounting regulations on firms’ real economic behavior.

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