scholarly journals Misunderstood and Mistreated: Students of Color in Special Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Hani Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Teacher Perceptions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Disproportionate Representation ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
The Public ◽  
Future Success ◽  
Optimal Learning Environment

The disproportionate representation of students of color in special education is a serious concern that has lasted for forty years. Research suggests that students of color are too often not identified accurately for special education and that the programs they are placed in are frequently poor in quality. This trend contributes to a less-than-optimal learning environment that lowers their chances for future success. Some of the factors that may contribute to this problem include poverty and inaccurate teacher perceptions. To reduce this problem, teachers can be trained to be culturally responsive and the public-school system can be improved so that students from low-income households receive better services.

Reproducing Tradition: Everyday Public Space in Popular Neighbourhoods in Mexico

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Mauricio Hernandez Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatial Expressions ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
American Cities

In Latin American cities a great part of the urban environment has grown through self-help processes leading to informal settlements. In the Mexican context, informal settlements are called “colonias populares” which means people’s or popular neighbourhoods. In the late 1960s Turner (1969) argued that popular neighbourhoods should be reconsidered as environments which are socially and culturally responsive to the needs of the inhabitants, as the architecture produced by low-income settlers is based on a system responsive to the changing needs and demands of the users. In these settlements the built environment is the result of the freedom available to inhabitants to take decisions and shape their own environment. This in turn gives place to a myriad of spatial expressions in which culture, identity and popular character are imprinted in both the private and public spaces. This paper explores these issues in the spaces between the dwellings in the public realm.

scholarly journals Addressing the Disproportionate Representation of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students in Special Education through Culturally Responsive Educational Systems

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janette K. Klingner ◽  
Alfredo J. Artiles ◽  
Elizabeth Kozleski ◽  
Beth Harry ◽  
Shelley Zion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
General Education ◽  
Culturally Responsive ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Disproportionate Representation ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Diverse Students ◽  
Linguistically Diverse Students

In this article, we present a conceptual framework for addressing the disproportionate representation of culturally and linguistically diverse students in special education. The cornerstone of our approach to addressing disproportionate representation is through the creation of culturally responsive educational systems. Our goal is to assist practitioners, researchers, and policy makers in coalescing around culturally responsive, evidence-based interventions and strategic improvements in practice and policy to improve students’ educational opportunities in general education and reduce inappropriate referrals to and placement in special education. We envision this work as cutting across three interrelated domains: policies, practices, and people. Policies include those guidelines enacted at federal, state, district, and school levels that influence funding, resource allocation, accountability, and other key aspects of schooling. We use the notion of practice in two ways, in the instrumental sense of daily practices that all cultural beings engage in to navigate and survive their worlds, and also in a technical sense to describe the procedures and strategies devised for the purpose of maximizing students’ learning outcomes. People include all those in the broad educational system: administrators, teacher educators, teachers, community members, families, and the children whose opportunities we wish to improve.

Racial and Ethnic Disproportionality in Special Education Programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saili S. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Disproportionate Representation ◽  
School Systems ◽  
Remedial Courses ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Poverty And Health

The disproportionate representation of students of color in special education has been an established issue in school systems around the world. The over-representation of students from racially, culturally, and linguistically diverse (RCLD) programs has been documented since the late 1960s. Scholars have included several reasons for the existence of disproportionate representation including (a) systemic racism present in school systems, (b) schools as colonial spaces, and (c) the intersections of race with poverty and health. Previous research on disproportionality in the U.S. context has posited two overlapping types of rationales: those who believed disproportionate representation is linked to poverty and health outcomes versus those who believed in the systemwide racist practices that contributed to over-representation of RCLD students. The former rationale has led to more recent tensions in special education, namely, with research suggesting that RCLD groups were actually under-represented in special education and that issues of health and poverty made it more crucial to identify individuals for needed educational services. Since the early 2000s, however, has highlighted the need for in-depth qualitative research that might illustrate how students from RCLD backgrounds are being deprived of meaningful curriculum and placed in low-tracked (often known as remedial) courses. Lastly, RCLD groups such as Asian Americans have within-group differences that problematize traditional ways of identifying overrepresentation. Ultimately, there is a need to address current tensions and recognize future directions of research in the area of disproportionate presentation.

Neoliberalism’s influence on American universities: How the business model harms students and society

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032110066
Author(s):  
Hani Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
American Universities ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Neoliberal Ideology ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Optimal Learning Environment

The influence of neoliberalism on colleges and universities leads to conditions that make it difficult for students from low-income families to profit from higher education. It contributes to a less rigorous learning environment and to other consequences that harm various groups of people. This article focuses on how the corporate model that neoliberal ideology promotes leads universities to implement practices that prevent marginalized groups from benefitting from the higher education system. In addition, it mentions how these practices contribute to a less-than-optimal learning environment for many students and to other negative outcomes. Finally, it offers examples of different kinds of activism that can reduce the deleterious effects of neoliberalism.

Understanding and Addressing the Disproportionate Representation of Students of Color in Special Education

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer J. Salend ◽  
Laurel M. Garrick Duhaney
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
Disproportionate Representation

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Brazilian Community Restaurants for the Dimension of Low-Income People Access to Food

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2671
Author(s):  
Mateus Santana Sousa ◽  
Camila Silveira Silva Teixeira ◽  
Jamacy Costa Souza ◽  
Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa ◽  
Renata Puppin Zandonadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Service Capacity ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Access To Food

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of community restaurants (CRs), managed by the Government of the State of Bahia/Brazil, for the dimension of access to food. The study used secondary data obtained from the public opinion survey Profile of users of community restaurants in Salvador. The nutritional information was accessed through the analysis of CRs’ menus. Adequate effectiveness of access to food was considered when the CR served meals to 50% to 70% of the users considered the target audience (individuals served by the two CRs located in the city of Salvador/Bahia/Brazil). The participants (n = 1464; 778 as low-income individuals) were adult CR users from Salvador/Brazil. Most of the respondents were male, 40 to 54 years old, not white, had up to 9 years of formal education, without a partner, and living in the municipality of Salvador. The evaluated CRs are effective in serving 53.1% of the target population in their total service capacity. Meal provision only reached an estimated 0.7% of the socially vulnerable community in the district. The average energy value of the meal served by the CR units was 853.05 kcal/meal, with a mean energy density composition classified as average (1.15 kcal/g). The effectiveness of the evaluated community restaurants showed that these instruments were minimally effective in promoting access to food for the low-income population within their total daily service capacity, and the current quantity of these facilities was insufficient. However, these instruments stand out in the fundamental role of promoting the daily distribution of meals to the Brazilian population with the highest social vulnerability levels.

scholarly journals Citizen preferences regarding the public funding of projects promoting a healthy body weight among people with a low income

2021 ◽  
pp. 114015
Author(s):  
Lisanne S. Mulderij ◽  
José Ignacio Hernández ◽  
dr.mr. Niek Mouter ◽  
dr. Kirsten T. Verkooijen ◽  
dr.ir. Annemarie Wagemakers
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
The Public ◽  
Healthy Body Weight ◽  
Citizen Preferences ◽  
Healthy Body

“I Want to Advocate for Our Kids”: How Community-Based Organizations Broker College Enrollment for Underrepresented Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 001312452110045
Author(s):  
Irma Y. Ramirez
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Students Of Color ◽  
College Enrollment ◽  
Underrepresented Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
Student College ◽  
Community Based Organization

This exploratory study examines the role community-based organizations have in bridging low-income students of color to postsecondary institutions. Data came from interviews with organization staff, high school students, and college students associated with three distinct community-based organizations located in a mid-size city. The findings suggest that organization staff are well-positioned in youth, academic, and community social networks. Staff become social brokers across these networks through three steps: cultivating authentic and safe relationships, lessons from students, and becoming advocates. Community-based organization staff strategically advocate for underrepresented student college enrollment and admissions by serving as social brokers between students, schools, and their communities.

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