Accent Assessment: A Preliminary Study of Scaling Validity

Direct Magnitude Estimations (DME) and Equal Appearing Interval (EAI) scaling techniques were used to compare listeners’ perceptions of the extent of accent from recorded speech samples of international students enrolled in a United States university who spoke English as a second language. Twenty five international students served as speakers by reading the same brief passage for recording purposes. Twenty five American-born students with no formal training or experience with accents or accent reduction rated the extent of the accent on each of the spoken samples using both scaling techniques. Statistical analysis of the listener’s perceptions indicated no significant differences between the DME or EAI scaling procedures and a scatterplot comparing the data sets for each technique produced a significant linear relationship between the data for the two techniques.

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Interrelation of group, micro-group and interpersonal identities of employees in production groups

Social Psychology and Society ◽

10.17759/sps.2016070305 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 60-75

Author(s):

A.V. Sidorenkov ◽

V.A. Dorofeev

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Linear Relationship ◽

Linear Relation ◽

Group Identity ◽

Affective Component ◽

Significant Linear Relationship ◽

Non Linear ◽

Industrial Groups ◽

Three Components

The article represents the results of mathematical and statistical analysis of the links between the levels of the identity of employees (group, micro-group and interpersonal) by three components (cognitive, affective and behavioral) in 37 industrial groups with expertise in different fields. The significant linear relationship between micro-group and interpersonal identity (for all components), high linear relationship between group identity and micro-group identity (only for affective component) and the lack of linear relationship between the components of inter- personal and group identity are revealed. Higher influence of group identity on micro-group (for all components) and interpersonal identity (for cognitive and behavioral components) is found out in the totality of intercorrelation between group, micro-group and interpersonal identities. Non-linear relationship between group and micro-group identity for all components is revealed. This non-linear relation indicates that increase in expressiveness of one of the components of group iden- tity leads to decrease in expressiveness of the respective component of micro-group identity. This effect occurs until definite moment, after which, on the contrary, further reinforcement of the components of group identity leads to the increase in expressiveness of micro-group identity. These established consistent patterns are interpreted in the article.

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SECOND- AND FOREIGN-LANGUAGE VARIATION IN TENSE BACKSHIFTING IN INDIRECT REPORTED SPEECH

Studies in Second Language Acquisition ◽

10.1017/s0272263110000513 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 1-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Krassimira D. Charkova ◽

Laura J. Halliday

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Second Language ◽

International Students ◽

Foreign Language ◽

English Learners ◽

Native English Speakers ◽

The United States ◽

English Speakers ◽

Reported Speech ◽

Grammatical Rule

This study examined how English learners in second-language (SL) and foreign-language (FL) contexts employ tense backshifting in indirect reported speech. Participants included 35 international students in the United States, 37 Bulgarian speakers of English, 38 Bosnian speakers of English, and 41 native English speakers. The instrument involved speech scenarios in two time settings—immediate and delayed report—and questions about the participants’ reasons for backshifting tenses or not. The results revealed that FL environments foster the acquisition of backshifting as an automatically applicable grammatical rule, whereas SL contexts facilitate awareness of pragmatic and semantic aspects of tense backshifting.

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The Use of Decision-Science Techniques in School Districts

Journal of Educational Technology Systems ◽

10.2190/6dqu-k3fv-cel1-amx8 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 187-193

Author(s):

Walter M. Mathews

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

School Districts ◽

Relative Frequency ◽

The United States ◽

Formal Training ◽

Decision Science ◽

Decision Sciences ◽

Frequency Of Use ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Superintendents Of Schools

A survey of the use of eight decision-science techniques was conducted in a stratified random sample of school districts in the United States. The purpose of the study was to determine the relative frequency of use of the techniques in fourteen application areas. Also sought was information on the potential uses of these techniques in the school districts. The amount of formal training that the respondents (usually superintendents of schools) have had in the eight techniques was tallied in addition to the areas where they desired training or additional training. The conclusion of this preliminary study is that there is a need to train more educational administrators in the decision sciences so that greater use of these techniques can be applied to the administration of the schools.

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Chinese international students' academic adjustment to MBA programs in the United States: a case study

Information Technology and Industrial Engineering ◽

10.2495/itie131192 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Baoqing Cheng

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

International Students ◽

Academic Adjustment ◽

The United States ◽

Chinese International Students ◽

Mba Programs

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Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Employment Issues in the United States

10.36650/nexus9.1-2_58-69_kim ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 9 (1-2) ◽

pp. 58-69

Author(s):

Marlene Kim

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Asian Americans ◽

The United States ◽

Current Data ◽

Pacific Islanders ◽

Native Hawaiians ◽

Data Sets ◽

High Poverty ◽

Unemployment Rates

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the United States face problems of discrimination, the glass ceiling, and very high long-term unemployment rates. As a diverse population, although some Asian Americans are more successful than average, others, like those from Southeast Asia and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), work in low-paying jobs and suffer from high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, and low earnings. Collecting more detailed and additional data from employers, oversampling AAPIs in current data sets, making administrative data available to researchers, providing more resources for research on AAPIs, and enforcing nondiscrimination laws and affirmative action mandates would assist this population.

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A Preliminary Study on Collaboration in Lecture Notetaking

The Language Teacher - The Language Teacher 39.1 ◽

10.37546/jalttlt44.1-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Michael Crawford

Keyword(s):

Second Language ◽

Preliminary Study

Notetaking is an important skill in academic listening. In second language (L2) contexts, research on this topic remains relatively limited, but is gradually increasing. However, there are still a number of gaps to be filled, one of which is collaboration. Notetaking is generally seen as a solitary activity, but having students collaborate with classmates and share their notes with one another may be beneficial. The purpose of this paper is to investigate this possibility. Learners in an intact academic listening class shared notes with each other six times over the course of one semester and answered questions about the experience. Most participants responded that they were open to sharing notes with classmates and that they found the activity useful, suggesting that it may be beneficial for the development of notetaking skills. ノートテイキング（講義を要約しノートに書き取ること）はアカデミック・リスニングにおいて重要な学習技術である。第2言語（L2）において講義ノートをとることに関する研究は比較的少ないが、ここ数年少しずつ増えてきている。しかし、まだ取り上げられていない研究テーマがいくつかあり、その中の一つは協働学習である。講義ノートをとる事は一人で行う作業と思われがちだが、学生が自分で取った講義内容を同級生と共有することは効果的であると考えられる。本論の目的はこの可能性を探ることである。アカデミック・リスニングの授業を受講している学習者たちは1学期中６回同級生と講義内容を互いに共有し、その経験についてアンケートに答えた。その結果、学習者はノートを共有することに対しておおむね肯定的で、また効果的であると答えた。これは、同級生とノートを共有することがノートテイキング・スキルの発達につながることを示唆している。

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