Player Pricing Mechanisms and the Daily Fantasy Sport Chance Versus Skill Debate

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Losak
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Fantasy Football ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Game Player ◽  
Predominant Factor ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports

Differentiating and defining games of skill versus chance have major legal implications when classifying gambling, especially in relation to daily fantasy sports in the United States. This paper provides a theoretical discussion and introduces an empirical approach to analyzing game player pricing mechanisms. If game pricing mechanisms are fully efficient—player prices fully reflect the expected contributions from players—then that game is one of chance since there is no opportunity for skill to play a role in outcomes. This paper examines player prices from DraftKings’ daily fantasy football product. Empirical results show that there are strategies deriving from the pricing mechanism that can be incorporated by skilled participants to increase their expected performance and improve their chances of winning. This provides evidence that daily fantasy sports are skill-based—a necessary condition for skill to be a predominant factor in game outcomes as part of the legal debate.

The Law of Sports Wagering in the United States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Standen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports ◽  
Fantasy Play ◽  
The Law

The law of sports wagering in the United States reflects the exceptionalism of sports. Although limitations on gambling in general have undergone significant liberalization in recent decades, sports wagering remains subject to a complex interplay among federal and state prohibitions. This exceptionalism stems from the notion that sports contests would be ineluctably corrupted by betting, potentially giving contestants unduly large investments in the outcome, or in shaping the magnitude of the victory. Despite this continuing antipathy toward sports betting as a matter of formal legality, recent legal developments have unwittingly created a burgeoning industry in sports betting, which industry has created significant instability in the general prohibition. Specifically, the rise of daily fantasy sports contests, which can feature contests that appear remarkably similar to single-game bets on the outcome of a game, has both evidenced the domestic appetite for sports wagering, and has pushed against the boundaries set by the anti-gambling prohibitions. The legality of daily fantasy sports is highly debatable, and calls into question the very nature of a sports bet as a game of chance or skill, and whether or not fantasy play presents a substantially different set of characteristics. Whatever the legal outcome, strong arguments exist that suggest that fantasy play would not give rise to the concerns that animated the general prohibition on sports wagering.

To Play or Not to Play? An Analysis of Dispositions, Gambling, and Daily Fantasy Sport

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer ◽  
Joris Drayer ◽  
Stephen L. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Fantasy Football ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports ◽  
New Form

Following a mega-advertising blitz in the late summer of 2015, daily fantasy sports (DFSs) entered a maturing fantasy sports market as a new, highly accessible, and potentially lucrative alternative to traditional, season-long fantasy sports. The two activities share a name but represent substantially different business models. In the view of some policy makers and state legislatures, DFS appeared to resemble a new form of sports wagering and as a result, several U.S. states banned the activity. The current study examined the consumption behavior differences and gambling-related dispositions of those fantasy participants who play DFS and those who do not. A total of 314 fantasy football participants were surveyed, and the results contribute to what we know about gambling and DFS participation. Although distinct differences were found between the two groups, the overall assessment of the findings suggest DFS participation appears to align more with highly involved traditional, season-long fantasy sports participation than other forms of gambling.

Daily Fantasy Sports and PASPA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Wallach
Keyword(s):  
Attorney General ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Sports Industry ◽  
Sports Gambling ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports ◽  
State Legislative ◽  
Legislative Measures

Recent state legislation regulating fantasy sports contests may present a different type of threat to the nascent fantasy sports industry—the possibility that the U.S. Attorney General (or others) could invoke PASPA to enjoin the state law. This is the same law that prohibits states from legalizing traditional, single-game sports betting. Although PASPA has not yet surfaced as an obstacle to state legalization of DFS, it may emerge as an important issue as additional state legislative measures are introduced, particularly with a new U.S. Attorney General potentially taking a harder look at Internet gambling generally. Further, as more and more states begin passing laws legalizing daily fantasy sports contests, many have begun to question why some forms of sports gambling are allowed but not others. This chapter examines how PASPA could apply to state-sanctioned fantasy sports and provides an analytical framework for assessing the viability of such legislation under PASPA.

Daily Fantasy Football and Self-Reported Problem Behavior in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 689-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Dwyer ◽  
Stephen L. Shapiro ◽  
Joris Drayer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Problem Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fantasy Football

Rising or Constrained Power?

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eswaran Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
High Growth ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Rising Power ◽  
Global Influence

This chapter analyses India’s prospects as a rising power by asking what kind of power India has the potential to be, given its military, economic, and institutional capacities and the economic and geostrategic constraints it faces. It argues that while sustained high growth is a necessary condition it is not a sufficient condition since economic growth does not necessarily convert smoothly into greater power. Due to such conversion problems India, like some other powers, might not be able to exercise commensurate regional, extra-regional, and global influence as might appear to follow from the revival of sustained high growth and increased economic weight. The more achievable and likely alternative is that of a coalitional or bridging power that can play the role of an effective partner in the security and other spheres to a range of powers, principally to the United States and in the Asia-Pacific and Indian Ocean regions.

scholarly journals Optimising Daily Fantasy Sports Teams with Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Ryan Beal ◽  
Timothy J. Norman ◽  
Sarvapali D. Ramchurn
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fantasy Sports ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Daily Fantasy Sports

AbstractThis paper outlines a novel approach to optimising teams for Daily Fantasy Sports (DFS) contests. To this end, we propose a number of new models and algorithms to solve the team formation problems posed by DFS. Specifically, we focus on the National Football League (NFL) and predict the performance of real-world players to form the optimal fantasy team using mixed-integer programming. We test our solutions using real-world data-sets from across four seasons (2014-2017). We highlight the advantage that can be gained from using our machine-based methods and show that our solutions outperform existing benchmarks, turning a profit in up to 81.3% of DFS game-weeks over a season.

Public Opinion and Capital Punishment: A Close Examination of the Views of Abolitionists and Retentionists

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phoebe C. Ellsworth ◽  
Lee Ross
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Legal Implications

A survey designed to examine the attitudinal and informational bases of people's opinions about the death penalty was administered to 500 Northern California residents (response rate = 96 percent). Of these, 58.8 percent were proponents of capital punishment, 30.8 percent were opponents, and 10.4 percent were undecided. When asked whether they favored mandatory, discretionary, or no death penalty for various crimes, respondents tended to treat these options as points on a scale of strength of belief, with mandatory penalties favored for the most serious crimes, rather than considering the questions of objectivity and fairness that have influenced the United States Supreme Court's considerations of these options. For no crime did a majority favor execution of all those convicted, even when a mandatory penalty was endorsed. Respondents were generally ignorant on factual issues related to the death penalty, and indicated that if their factual beliefs (in deterrence) were incorrect, their attitude would not be influenced. When asked about their reasons for favoring or opposing the death penalty, respondents tended to endorse all reasons consistent with their attitudes, indicating that the attitude does not stem from a set of reasoned beliefs, but may be an undifferenti ated, emotional reflection of one's ideological self-image. Opponents favored due process guarantees more than did Proponents. A majority of respondents said they would need more evidence to convict if a case was capital. Theoretical and legal implications of the results are discussed.

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