Una aproximación a las emociones en los equipos deportivos (An approach to emotions in sports teams)

Este trabajo se adentra en la convivencia de equipos deportivos pertenecientes a disciplinas que implican contacto con el equipo rival en su práctica, a partir del análisis empírico procedente de 30 entrevistas en profundidad con entrenadores/as y deportistas de equipos de la Comunidad de Madrid de las disciplinas de fútbol, baloncesto y rugby. En un acercamiento feminista desde la sociología del deporte, se señalan las formas de organización de los equipos deportivos, visibilizando las estrictas jerarquías y sistemas de disciplinamiento normalizados, incidiendo en ciertas prácticas exacerbadas que pueden llegar a justificarse en el contexto. A partir de aquí, se realiza un análisis a través de las especiales sensibilidades del deporte, incidiendo en el estudio de las emociones y las dinámicas afectivas en estos equipos deportivos, reflexionando acerca de su misión como sustento de sistemas que perpetúan fragilidades que darán pie a ciertas vulnerabilidades en el espacio, especialmente hacia las mujeres. Abstract. This work analyze the coexistence of sports teams of disciplines that involve contact with the rival team in their practice, based on the empirical analysis from 30 interviews with coaches and athletes of teams from the Community of Madrid of the soccer, basketball and rugby disciplines. In a feminist approach from the sociology of sport, the forms of organization of sports teams are pointed out, making visible the strict hierarchies and normalized disciplinary systems, influencing certain exacerbated practices that can be justified in the context. From here, an analysis is carried out through the special sensitivities of sport that affects the study of emotions and affective dynamics in these sports teams, reflecting on their mission as support for systems that perpetuate fragility that will give rise to certain vulnerabilities in space, especially against women.

Recommendations from LGBTQ+ adults for increased inclusion within physical activity: a qualitative content analysis

For decades, physical activity contexts have been inherently exclusionary toward LGBTQ+ participation through their perpetuation of practices and systems that support sexuality- and gender-based discrimination. Progress toward LGBTQ+ inclusivity within physical activity has been severely limited by a lack of actionable and practical suggestions. The purpose of this study was to garner an extensive account of suggestions for inclusivity from LGBTQ+ adults. Using an online cross-sectional survey, LGBTQ+ adults (N = 766) were asked the following open-ended question, “in what ways do you think physical activity could be altered to be more inclusive of LGBTQ+ participation?” The resulting texts were coded using inductive qualitative content analysis. All coding was subject to critical peer review. Participants’ suggestions have been organized and presented under two overarching points of improvement: (a) creation of safe(r) spaces and (b) challenging the gender binary. Participants (n = 558; 72.8%) outlined several components integral to the creation and maintenance of safe(r) spaces such as: (i) LGBTQ+ memberships, (ii) inclusivity training for fitness facility staff, (iii) informative advertisement of LGBTQ+ inclusion, (iv) antidiscrimination policies, and (v) diverse representation. Suggestions for challenging the gender binary (n = 483; 63.1%) called for the creation of single stalls or gender-neutral locker rooms, as well as for the questioning of gender-based stereotypes and binary divisions of gender within physical activity (e.g., using skill level and experience to divide sports teams as opposed to gender). The findings of this study represent a multitude of practical suggestions for LGBTQ+ inclusivity that can be applied to a myriad of physical activity contexts.

PRINCIPAL'S PERCEPTIONS OF STUDENTS' USE OF BORN BY PISA 2018

The main objective of this study is to answer the following questions. Is there a relationship between the principal's perception of the use of liquor by students with sports teams, school drama / music groups, and band / choir groups based on PISA 2018. The research method used is quantitative method. The data in this study uses PISA 2018 data that has been released to the public and has been permitted to be used for research development purposes. The population of this study were principals in schools where 15-year-old students were studying in 2018, while the sample was principals in schools where 15-year-old students took PISA tests in 80 countries. The reason for choosing the sample was the principal in the school where the student was taking the 2018 PISA test. The data in this study were in the form of a questionnaire that was answered by principals in 80 countries, namely 20811 principals from 80 countries. Based on the results of the multiple regression analysis, the results show that there is a relationship between the principal's perception of the use of alcohol by students with sports teams, school drama / music groups, and band / choir groups based on PISA 2018 (P <0.000). The reliability of the instrument is 1.00 higher than the reliability of the person = 0.04. The conclusion is that statistically there is a relationship between the principal's perception of the use of alcohol by students with sports teams, school drama / music groups, and band / choir groups based on PISA 2018. These results indicate that the lower the use of alcohol and drugs in students at school, the more successful the school sports team, school drama/music group, and school band/choir group or vice versa.

COVID-19 testing systems and their effectiveness in small, semi-isolated groups for sports events

In this study, we quantitatively assessed the effectiveness of systems for COVID-19 testing in small groups of sport teams that are semi-isolated from the general population by countermeasures against infection. Two types of group were assumed, and the dynamics of infection within each group was modeled by using a compartment model of infectious disease. One group (Group A) comprised domestic professional sports teams that play many games over a season while remaining within a relatively small region. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were routinely conducted once every 2 weeks, and the number of infected individuals that could not be removed after identification by testing or checking for symptoms was defined as the risk. The other group (Group B) comprised teams that travel across borders for mass-gathering events like the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The teams were isolated for 2 weeks at their destination; frequent testing and checking for symptoms was conducted, and any infected individuals were removed. The number of infected individuals participating in games after the isolation period was defined as the risk. In Group A, the number of infected individuals detected by routinely conducted PCR testing was lower than the number of infected individuals detected by checking for symptoms, indicating that routine testing every 2 weeks was not very effective. In Group B, daily PCR testing was the most effective, followed by daily antigen testing. Dual testing, in which individuals with a positive antigen test were given an additional PCR test, was the least effective with an effect equal to PCR testing every other day. These results indicate that repeated testing does not necessarily increase the detection of infected individuals.

Leadership as Communicative Practice: The Discursive Construction of Leadership and Team Identity in a New Zealand Rugby Team

<p>In sports teams, the way in which leaders such as coaches and captains communicate with players is vital to the success of the team. However, despite extensive psychological and sociological research on sport, it has rarely been a site of linguistic research. Like many sports, rugby has many traditions and ideologies that influence the way in which teams form identities. This thesis explores the way in which leadership is enacted and group identity forged through communicative practice in a New Zealand rugby team. Using authentic interactions collected using an ethnographic methodology, an analysis is presented of how discourse strategies are negotiated within the team, establishing practices that signify membership of communities of practice (CofPs) and creating identities for individuals as leaders. Leadership discourse is itself viewed as a sociolinguistic practice and defines one of the CofPs within the team. Using the concepts of front and back-stage (Goffman 1959; Richards 2006) to describe different conceptual spaces in which interactions occur, I suggest that discourse in the rugby team is a spatialised practice; the performance of a particular style of leadership constructs the space in which it takes place as public or private, with each contributing to an effective leadership performance. The construction of leadership identity is analysed in terms of stance and indexicality, linking locally constructed identities and discourse strategies to macro identity categories and socio-cultural ideologies. One of the ways in which this is examined is through the role of ritual and formulaic language in the team, showing that while communicative practice is negotiated in the back stage, in the front stage its performance serves to construct team identity while aiming to motivate the players. Furthermore, the structural nature of the game of rugby (i.e. players’ positional requirements) is examined in relation to the different communicative strategies adopted by positionally segregated groups. It is suggested that these groups, although institutionally defined, create meaning for themselves as CofPs by negotiating a shared way of communicating in enacting their role in the team. In sum, this research uses CofP theory to examine how leaders emerge through their linguistic practices. Furthermore, it locates leadership as a spatialised practice and examines how leaders influence the discursive construction of group identity. Finally, the analysis also makes a valuable contribution to the field of sociolinguistic research on sport, a small yet growing area.</p>

Leadership as Communicative Practice: The Discursive Construction of Leadership and Team Identity in a New Zealand Rugby Team

<p>In sports teams, the way in which leaders such as coaches and captains communicate with players is vital to the success of the team. However, despite extensive psychological and sociological research on sport, it has rarely been a site of linguistic research. Like many sports, rugby has many traditions and ideologies that influence the way in which teams form identities. This thesis explores the way in which leadership is enacted and group identity forged through communicative practice in a New Zealand rugby team. Using authentic interactions collected using an ethnographic methodology, an analysis is presented of how discourse strategies are negotiated within the team, establishing practices that signify membership of communities of practice (CofPs) and creating identities for individuals as leaders. Leadership discourse is itself viewed as a sociolinguistic practice and defines one of the CofPs within the team. Using the concepts of front and back-stage (Goffman 1959; Richards 2006) to describe different conceptual spaces in which interactions occur, I suggest that discourse in the rugby team is a spatialised practice; the performance of a particular style of leadership constructs the space in which it takes place as public or private, with each contributing to an effective leadership performance. The construction of leadership identity is analysed in terms of stance and indexicality, linking locally constructed identities and discourse strategies to macro identity categories and socio-cultural ideologies. One of the ways in which this is examined is through the role of ritual and formulaic language in the team, showing that while communicative practice is negotiated in the back stage, in the front stage its performance serves to construct team identity while aiming to motivate the players. Furthermore, the structural nature of the game of rugby (i.e. players’ positional requirements) is examined in relation to the different communicative strategies adopted by positionally segregated groups. It is suggested that these groups, although institutionally defined, create meaning for themselves as CofPs by negotiating a shared way of communicating in enacting their role in the team. In sum, this research uses CofP theory to examine how leaders emerge through their linguistic practices. Furthermore, it locates leadership as a spatialised practice and examines how leaders influence the discursive construction of group identity. Finally, the analysis also makes a valuable contribution to the field of sociolinguistic research on sport, a small yet growing area.</p>

Gambling marketing bans in professional sports neglect the risks posed by financial trading apps and cryptocurrencies

Professional sports have in recent years become increasingly intertwined with gambling marketing, especially in countries such as Australia, Spain, and the UK. Even Formula 1 racing, which used to be closely associated with tobacco sponsorship, announced in 2021 an agreement to have an official betting sponsor. However, as happened previously with tobacco sponsorship, some policymakers and regulators have started to take legal action with gambling marketing restrictions. In Italy, gambling advertising and sponsorship are now prohibited. In Spain, gambling sponsorship of sports teams is prohibited, whilst advertising is prohibited except between 1:00AM–5:00AM, thus effectively banning commercially viable gambling marketing through sports. The UK is currently considering a sponsorship ban in sports. Although these regulatory actions may have improved consumer protection against gambling harms, a closer examination of recent developments in the top men’s soccer leagues of these three countries reveals an emerging trend toward sponsorship from two gambling-like industries that are unaffected by these legal bans: financial trading apps and cryptocurrencies. Consumers are becoming increasingly exposed to the marketing of these gambling-like products through sports contexts, and these products could pose similar risks to gambling or even additional, unique risks.

The Mediation Effect of Overall Brand Equity between Brand Superiority and Media Consumption Behaviours of Sport Team Consumers During COVID-19

Background. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is paramount to investigate how to influence professional sport team consumers’ behaviours towards media consumption, which is an indirect consumption of sports products with importance raised by the lockdown. The effect of brand superiority, one of the essential consumer judgments about the brands, on some behavioural intentions of sport team consumers was examined before; however, the role of brand superiority and overall brand equity on media consumption behaviours in pandemic conditions lacked empirical investigation. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between brand superiority, overall brand equity and media consumption behaviours among professional sports teams’ consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The participants of this quantitative study were 232 volunteer football (soccer) consumers who support a team in the Turkish Super Football League. The data was collected in 3 weeks using the online convenience sampling method. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used in data analyses, and direct and indirect paths tested by the bootstrapping method. Results. The results of the study showed that brand superiority did not have a direct effect on media consumption behaviours of sport team consumers. Besides, overall brand equity had a direct effect on media consumption behaviours and mediated the relationship between brand superiority and media consumption behaviours. Conclusions. The evidence in this study indicates sport managers that the cognitive judgement of sport consumers, generally related to the more functional aspect of a sports product alone not an efficient way to directly influence sport team consumers toward media consumption behaviours even in COVID-19 pandemic. Brand equity, however, found to be an effective tool to address for directing sport team consumers’ behaviours toward media consumption in the extraordinary circumstance currently exist. Keywords: branding, sports industry, spectator sports, professional sports teams, sports consumers.

‘Cause We’re All Just Part of the System Really’: Complicity and Resistance in Young Sportsmen’s Responses to Violence Against Women Prevention Campaigns in England

In recent years, initiatives to prevent men’s violence against women on university campuses in England have been growing. However, there remains a lack of institutional recognition about the gendered dynamics of this abuse and the importance of engaging men in ending it. This research sought to shed light on how young men make sense of violence prevention campaigns, through eight focus groups with 45 members of men’s university sports teams. The focus groups illustrated the need for prevention work to expand men’s critical consciousness of complicity in violence against women, to encourage them to reflect on both their personal connections to the problem and the positive role they can play in preventing it. This complicity was at times exhibited within the focus groups themselves, such as in defensive responses when patriarchal privileges and norms were brought into question. These included shifting the focus away from men’s violence and onto men’s victimisation, naturalisations of partner violence as an inevitability, and disassociating from the problem as if it was separate from the participants’ lives. Collective masculine norms appeared to play a substantial role in shaping the discussions, illustrating how these can mediate young men’s responses to prevention campaigns. However, at times the participants did challenge sexism among one another and articulate resistance to men’s violence against women, demonstrating their capacity to create change. The article contends that violence prevention requires critically addressing men’s practices and what Hearn calls the ‘hegemony of men’ more broadly, rather than only problematising specific ‘forms’ of masculinities.