Relevance and embodied reflexivity: constellations work between Gurwitsch, Merleau-Ponty and Garfinkel

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-180
Author(s):  
Christian Meyer ◽  
Frank Oberzaucher
Keyword(s):  
Basic Assumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Relational Self ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Phenomenology Of The Body ◽  
Embodied Practice

This paper draws on Aron Gurwitsch's theory of relevance which was of outstanding importance for both Maurice Merleau-Ponty's phenomenology of the body and Harold Garfinkel's ethnomethodology. In the first part we discuss Gurwitsch's conception of relevance in contrast to Schutz'. We then develop a theory of embodied reflexivity drawing on Merleau-Ponty and Garfinkel together with some newer approaches on embodied practice and knowledge. In the second, empirical section we use the concepts and conceptions developed for the description and analysis of selected video recordings of systemic constellation sessions. Systemic constellation is a psychotherapeutic method which is used predominantly in psychological and pedagogical contexts as well as in management consultations. The basic assumption underlying constellations work is that the experiences of representatives are relevant for the person who has initiated the constellation and that they provide information about the issue at hand. The origin, validity, and reliability of the representatives' bodily and relational self-perception is difficult to assess and even more difficult to explain. In our contribution we propose a vocabulary with reference to Gurwitsch, Merleau-Ponty, and Garfinkel, that, as we think, allows for the description of the phenomenon and at the same time throws a light on how relevance can be understood from a sociological perspective inspired by phenomenology.

The role of the female body in contesting and negotiating space in sports for women in rural and urban Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-113
Author(s):  
Obert Bernard Mlambo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Victorian Culture ◽  
Girl Child ◽  
School Sports ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Gender Ideals ◽  
A Site ◽  
Embodied Practice

This article examined attitudes, knowledge, behavior and practices of men and society on Gender bias in sports. The paper examined how the African female body was made into an object of contest between African patriarchy and the colonial system and also shows how the battle for the female body eventually extended into the sporting field. It also explored the postcolonial period and the effects on Zimbabwean society of the colonial ideals of the Victorian culture of morality. The study focused on school sports and the participation of the girl child in sports such as netball, volleyball and football. Reference was made to other sports but emphasis was given to where women were affected. It is in this case where reference to the senior women soccer team was made to provide a case study for purposes of illustration. Selected rural community and urban schools were served as case references for ethnographic accounts which provided the qualitative data used in the analysis. In terms of methodology and theoretical framework, the paper adopted the political economy of the female body as an analytical viewing point in order to examine the body of the girl child and of women in action on the sporting field in Zimbabwe. In this context, the female body is viewed as deeply contested and as a medium that functions as a site for the redirection, profusion and transvaluation of gender ideals. Using the concept of embodiment, involving demeanor, body shape and perceptions of the female body in its social context, the paper attempted to establish a connection between gender ideologies and embodied practice. The results of the study showed the prevalence of condescending attitudes towards girls and women participation in sports.

scholarly journals Sex and gender differences in nutrition research: considerations with the transgender and gender nonconforming population

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney Linsenmeyer ◽  
Jennifer Waters
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Nutrition Interventions ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Gender Nonconforming ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
And Gender

AbstractA sex- and gender-informed approach to study design, analysis and reporting has particular relevance to the transgender and gender nonconforming population (TGNC) where sex and gender identity differ. Notable research gaps persist related to dietary intake, validity and reliability of nutrition assessment methods, and nutrition interventions with TGNC populations. This is due in part to the conflation of sex and gender into one binary category (male or female) in many nutrition surveillance programs worldwide. Adoption of the Sex and Gender Equity In Research (SAGER) guidelines and the two-step method of querying sex and gender has the potential to exponentially increase the body of research related to TGNC health.

Invariance of Wearing Location of Omron-BI Pedometers: A Validation Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weimo Zhu ◽  
Miyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Validation Study ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Climbing Stairs ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Background:The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability evidences of the Omron BI pedometer, which could count steps taken even when worn at different locations on the body.Methods:Forty (20 males and 20 females) adults were recruited to walk wearing 5 sets, 1 set at a time, of 10 BI pedometers during testing, 1 each at 10 different locations. For comparison, they also wore 2 Yamax Digi-Walker SW-200 pedometers and a Dynastream AMP 331 activity monitor. The subjects walked in 3 free-living conditions: a fat sidewalk, stairs, and mixed conditions.Results:Except for a slight decrease in accuracy in the pant pocket locations, Omron BI pedometers counted steps accurately across other locations when subjects walked on the fat sidewalk, and the performance was consistent across devices and trials. When the subjects climbed up stairs, however, the absolute error % of the pant pocket locations increased significantly (P < .05) and similar or higher error rates were found in the AMP 331 and SW-200s.Conclusions:The Omron BI pedometer can accurately count steps when worn at various locations on the body in free-living conditions except for front pant pocket locations, especially when climbing stairs.

scholarly journals A study of the validity and reliability of the Brazilian version of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) among adolescents

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Aparecida Conti ◽  
Táki Athanássios Cordás ◽  
Maria do Rosário Dias de Oliveira Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Validity And Reliability

OBJECTIVES: to produce evidence of the validity and reliability of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) - a tool for measuring an individual's attitude towards his or her body image. METHODS: the study covered 386 young people of both sexes aged between 10 and 18 from a private school and used self-applied questionnaires and anthropometric evaluation. It evaluated the internal consistency, the discriminant validity for differences from the means, according to nutritional status (underweight, eutrophic, overweight and obese), the concurrent validity by way of Spearman's correlation coefficient between the scale and the Body Mass Index (BMI), the waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) and the waist circumference (WC). Reliability was tested using Wilcoxon's Test, the intraclass correlation coefficient and the Bland-Altman figures. RESULTS: the BSQ displayed good internal consistency (±=0.96) and was capable of discriminating among the total population, boys and girls, according to nutritional status (p<0.001). It correlated with the BMI (r=0.41; p<0.001), WHR (r=-0.10; p=0.043) and WC (r=0.24; p<0.001) and its reliability was confirmed by intraclass correlation (r=0.91; p<0.001) for the total population. The questionnaire was easy to understand and could be completed quickly. CONCLUSIONS: the BSQ presented good results, thereby providing evidence of its validity and reliability. It is therefore recommended for evaluation of body image attitudes among adolescents.

Hydrodynamics and behaviour of Simuliidae larvae (Diptera)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 1295-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Chance ◽  
D. A. Craig
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Avoidance Reaction ◽  
Larval Body ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Von Karman ◽  
Von Kármán ◽  
Lower Boundary Layer

Detailed water flow around larvae of Simulium vittatum Zett. (sibling IS-7) was investigated using flow tanks, aluminium flakes, pigment, still photography, cinematography, and video recordings. Angle of deflection of a larva from the vertical has a hyperbolic relationship to water velocity. Velocity profiles around larvae show that the body is in the boundary layer. Frontal area of the body decreases as velocity increases. Disturbed larvae exhibit "avoidance reaction" and pull the body into the lower boundary layer. Longitudinal twisting and yawing of the larval body places one labral fan closer to the substrate, the other near the top of the boundary layer. Models and live larvae were used to demonstrate the basic hydrodynamic phenomenon of downstream paired vortices. Body shape and feeding stance result in one of the vortices remaining in the lower boundary layer. The other rises up the downstream side of the body, passes through the lower fan, then forms a von Karman trail of detaching vortices. This vortex entrains particulate matter from the substrate, which larvae then filter. Discharge of water into this upper vortex remains constant at various velocities and only water between the substrate and top of the posterior abdomen is incorporated into it. The upper fan filters water only from the top of the boundary layer. Formation of vortices probably influences larval microdistribution and filter feeding. Larvae positioned side by side across the flow mutually influence flow between them, thus enhancing feeding. Larvae downstream of one another may use information from the von Karman trail of vortices to position themselves advantageously.

scholarly journals Body Appearance (Dis)satisfaction Scale applied to Brazilian university students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Gonzalez Martins ◽  
Júlia Valério Barra ◽  
Wanderson Roberto da Silva ◽  
João Marôco ◽  
Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini Campos
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Factorial Model ◽  
Body Appearance ◽  
Average Variance ◽  
Brazilian Students ◽  
Fit Index

ABSTRACT Objective This study aimed to estimate the psychometric properties of the Body Area Scale (BAS) applied to a sample of Brazilian university students to support the validity and reliability of the obtained data. Methods We performed confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Comparative Fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA). We calculated the average variance extracted (AVE), composite reliability (CR), and ordinal alpha coefficient (α). All estimates were calculated separately for women and men. A thousand students participated (women = 64.0%, mean [M] age = 20.92, standard deviation [SD] = 2.40 years; body mass index (BMI) M = 23.24, SD = 3.97 kg/m2). Results Considering the CFA results, the original unifactorial model (24 items) did not fit data for women and men. Instead, the two-factorial model with 19 items had adequate fit for male and female samples (CFI = 0.922-0.958; TLI = 0.912-0.952; RMSEA = 0.090-0.096), as well as good convergent validity (AVE = 0.536-0.668) and reliability (CR = 0.920-0.952; α = 0.916-0.948). Once BAS was proposed to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with one’s own body, and considering the reformulation of the factorial model, we proposed a new name for the instrument: Body Appearance (Dis)Satisfaction Scale (BAS-R). Conclusion Professionals can now include the BAS-R in future protocols to evaluate satisfaction/dissatisfaction with the body in Brazilian students.

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