scholarly journals A contribution to the earthworm diversity (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Kerala, a component of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot, India, using integrated taxonom

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
S. S. Thakur ◽  
A. R. Lone ◽  
S. K. Tiwari ◽  
S. K. Jain ◽  
S. W. James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
National Park ◽  
Gap Analysis ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
First Time ◽  
Barcode Gap

Earthworms (Clitellata, Moniligastridae) of Chaliyar River Malappuram, Eravikulam National Park, Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Periyar National Park, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary and Wayanad Forest, Kerala, a component of the hotspot of Western Ghats, India, were studied by the standard method of taxonomy, and their DNA barcode signatures using the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) were generated for the first time. This study represents eleven species of earthworms of the family Moniligastridae: Drawida brunnea Stephenson, Drawida circumpapillata Aiyer, Drawida ghatensis Michaelsen, Drawida impertusa Stephenson, Drawida nilamburensis (Bourne), Drawida robusta (Bourne), Drawida scandens Rao, Drawida travancorense Michaelsen, Moniligaster aiyeri Gates, Moniligaster deshayesi Perrier, and Moniligaster gravelyi (Stephenson). In the phylogenetic analysis all the species were recovered in both neighbour–joining (NJ) and maximum likelihood (ML) trees with high clade support. The average K2P distance within and between species was 1.2 % and 22 %, whereas the clear barcode gap of 2–5 % was suggested by barcode gap analysis (BGA) of studied species, reflecting the accuracy of characterization. The study presents the first step in the molecular characterization of the native earthworm family Moniligastridae of India. Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/l2nlhz)

scholarly journals Recent records and distribution of the Indian Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus Gray, 1837 (Mammalia: Carnivora: Herpestidae) from the southern Western Ghats, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 9367
Author(s):  
R. Sreehari ◽  
Sandeep Das ◽  
M. Gnanakumar ◽  
K. P. Rajkumar ◽  
K. A. Sreejith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
National Park ◽  
New Records ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Periyar Tiger Reserve

We are reporting four new records of Brown Mongoose Herpestes fuscus Gray, 1837 from four protected areas in Western Ghats including Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary, Periyar Tiger Reserve and Pampadum Shola National Park and one new site record outside a protected area from Pambanar Tea plantation in Idukki dt. situated in Kerala part of southern Western Ghats. An updated distribution map of Brown Mongoose in Western Ghats is presented here.  

scholarly journals Can proteomics of snake venoms help drug discovery? A study on the venom of spectacled cobra (Naja naja) from the Western Ghats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muralidharan Vanuopadath ◽  
Dileepkumar Raveendran ◽  
Bipin Gopalakrishnan Nair ◽  
Sudarslal Sadasivan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Cobra Venom ◽  
Venom Protein ◽  
Naja Naja ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Western Ghats

AbstractVenom proteome profiling is important to understand the toxicology and treatment of persons poisoned by animal venoms. An in depth understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms induced by venom toxins could help in the discovery of novel drug molecules. In the current study, we aimed to delineate the venom toxins of Indian cobra (Naja naja) from the Western Ghats of India through SDS-PAGE and reversed-phase HPLC followed by Q-TOF LC-MS/MS analysis, incorporating PEAKS and Novor assisted de novo sequencing methodologies. A total of 143 proteins distributed across 17 different enzymatic and non-enzymatic venom protein families were identified. The de novo analysis exclusively yielded 59 peptides representing 28 venom protein families. Among these, glutathione peroxidase and endonuclease were reported for the first time in Indian cobra venom. Immunological cross-reactivity of cobra venom assessed using Indian polyvalent antivenoms suggested that VINS showed better EC50 (2.48 µg/mL) values than that of PSAV (6.04 µg/mL) and Virchow (6.03 µg/mL) antivenoms. Also, immunoaffinity chromatography performed using VINS antivenom indicated that it failed to detect few low molecular mass proteins (<10 kDa) that include three-finger toxins, phospholipase A2s and kunitz-type serine protease inhibitors. Taken together, the present study enabled a large-scale characterization of the venom proteome of Naja naja that offers valuable insights on the possible pharmacological mechanisms and future therapeutic potential of hitherto unexplored snake venom constituents.SignificanceThe present work describes the venom proteome characterization of Naja naja collected from the Western Ghats region in India, incorporating conventional proteomics approaches as well as de novo sequencing methods. Interestingly, we were able to determine proteins belong to glutathione peroxidase and endonuclease family, which was not reported in any of the previous studies on Naja naja venom. Notably, our study has reported the highest number of proteins from cobra venom so far. Also, the current study highlights the importance of developing region-specific antivenoms for improving the specificity and cross-neutralization potential of antivenoms.HighlightsProteomics of cobra venom resulted in the identification of 143 proteins.De novo approaches exclusively yielded 59 peptides representing 28 proteins.Glutathione peroxidase and endonuclease were identified for the first time in Indian cobra venom.Indian polyvalent antivenoms showed varying cross-reactivity towards cobra venom.VINS antivenom failed to detect few low molecular mass proteins (< 10 kDa).

scholarly journals Characterization of variability of the gene Nad1 intron in representatives of genus Vicia L. (Fabaceae Lindl.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Natalia N Ryzhova ◽  
Elena A Dyachenko ◽  
Margarita A Vishnyakova ◽  
Elena Z Kochieva
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Intron Length ◽  
Vicia Species ◽  
Interdomain Interactions ◽  
First Time

For the first time the sequences of b/c intron of mitochondrial gene Nad1 have been determined in representatives of 13 Vicia species. It is shown that the sequences of the intron of the gene in these species is highly conservative. In total 23 variable sites and 11 indels have been determined with the intron length 1421–1447 b. p. On the basis of the results of pre-m-RNA intron folding the main elements of its secondary structure have been determined as well as the sites of interdomain interactions. The peculiarities of primary and secondary structure of intron Nad1 in Vicia have been characterized. 

Genetic characterization of Spermophagus niger (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae: Amblycerini) pest associated to seeds of Sorrel (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) in Burkina Faso

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 07-14
Author(s):  
Jean Christophe Koussoubé ◽  
Fatimata Mbaye ◽  
Cheikh Abdou Khadre Mbacké Dia ◽  
Mbacké Sembène ◽  
Antoine Sanon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

In Burkina Faso, the seeds of sorrel, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. are attacked by a pest identified morphologically as Spermophagus niger which is maintained all year on seeds and causing considerable damages. In the current study, for the first time, genetic characterization for S. niger was performed to determine its genetic identity and place it in its phyletic group. Mitochondrial gene, the Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) of the pest was partially sequenced after extraction and amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Then the variability of genetic parameters namely the number of polymorphic and monomorphic sites, the frequencies of the different nucleotides and amino acid composition were determined. The nucleotide sequence of S. niger ob-tained was submitted in Genbank and the accession number is KU710716. Nucleotide sequences of S. niger obtained and those of different species of Spermophagus and Z. subfasciatus available in the GenBank database, we determined the percentage of similarity on the one hand and kinship through Phylogenetics reconstructions on the other hand. The results showed the absence of polymorphic sites for 406 sites obtained with 36.5% of thymine, 17.5% of cytosine, adenine 31% and 15% of guanine. Leucine was the majority amino acid (14.50%); the lysine was minority amino acid (0.76%) and cysteine was absent. The percentage of similarity obtained and phylogenetics reconstructions showed that S. niger is very close to the different species of Spermophagus particularly S. drak and different from Z. sub-fasciatus.

DIVERSITY AND MORPHOMETRY OF FEJERVARYA (ANURA: DICROGLOSSIDAE) IN SONANADI WILDLIFE SANCTUARY , NAINITAL, UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
ARCHANA BAHUGUNA ◽  
VIVEK KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Threatened Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Cricket Frog ◽  
First Time

Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary is situated at the edge of Corbett National Park, covering an area of 301 sq. km. It has been named after Sonanadi River. There is some reports of the presence of threatened species of mammals and reptiles and also of avian diversity richness but there is no report of the amphibian diversity of the area. The present study describes for the first time the diversity and morphometry of species of genus Fejervarya from the area. Kalushaheed and Hathikund were noted to be rich in species belonging to the genus Fejervarya. Three species are Fejervarya syhadrensis (Annandale); Syhadra frog Fejervarya nepalensis and Terai Cricket Frog Fejervarya terraiensis (Dubois).

Synopsis and lectotypification of Distimake rhyncorhiza (Dalzell) Simões & Staples (Convolvulaceae): a little known species from the Western Ghats (India)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 336 (3) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
ANA RITA SIMÕES ◽  
SUSHANT MORE
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Western India ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Western Ghats

We present a synopsis of a rare and little-known species of Distimake from Western India: a complete morphological description based on recent collections is provided, and nomenclature and typification issues are resolved. The fruit and seeds are described for the first time. With new morphological evidence and a full characterization of D. rhyncorhiza, the present study corroborates its placement in Distimake and supports its identity as a distinct species. The conservation status is assessed as Endangered but its distribution range is not yet fully documented and this assessment might be reviewed if more collections are made.

scholarly journals An observation of the White-bellied Sea Eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster preying on Saltwater Crocodile hatchlings Crocodylus porosus in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 14767-14769
Author(s):  
Nimain Charan Palei ◽  
Bhakta Padarbinda Rath ◽  
Bimal Prasanna Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
National Park ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
Saltwater Crocodile ◽  
Crocodylus Porosus ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

During our regular monitoring of Salt Water Crocodile in Bhitarakanika National Park in Odisha, eastern India, we for the first time photographed the predation of a hatchling Salt Water Crocodile by a White-bellied Sea Eagle. This information is very crucial as it aid in understanding the natural history of the species.

New species of Soa Enderlein, 1904 (Psocodea: ‘Psocoptera’: Lepidopsocidae) from the Western Ghats of India

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4881 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-392
Author(s):  
GURUSAMY RAMESH ◽  
RAJAPPA BABU ◽  
KUMARAPURAM A. SUBRAMANIAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Tiger Reserve ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
The Western Ghats

Soa papanasam sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on both sexes from Kalakkad Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve and Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Tamil Nadu, India. It differs from all other known species of Soa, by hindwing vein R1 originating proximal to vein M1 and distal to M2. This is the first species of the genus Soa described from India.

Morphometric and molecular characterization of Parapharyngodon echinatus (Nematoda, Pharyngodonidae) from the Senegal gecko (Tarentola parvicarinata)

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Šárka Mašová ◽  
Vlastimil Baruš ◽  
Iveta Hodová ◽  
Iveta Matějusová ◽  
Petr Koubek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Rna ◽  
National Park ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
West African ◽  
African Species ◽  
New Host ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Host Species

AbstractA West African species of gecko, Tarentola parvicarinata Joger (Gekkonidae), collected in the Niokolo Koba National Park in East Senegal is a new host species for the nematode Parapharyngodon echinatus (Rudolphi, 1819). Fifty one specimens of P. echinatus were studied under a light microscope and thirteen specimens were studied for the first time by a scanning electron microscope. The main differences between P. echinatus and other African species, especially Parapharyngodon micipsae (Seurat, 1917), were in the shape of annules on body cuticle, broad lateral alae and their terminations, the shape of the distal extremity of the spicule and number of outgrowths at the anterior cloacal lip. For the purposes of DNA characterization, partial sequence of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rRNA) was obtained from two specimens of P. echinatus. This is the first published sequence of a species from the family Pharyngodonidae.

A new species of the endemic Madagascan scarab beetle genus, Madecorphnus grebennikovi (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Orphninae): morphological description and DNA barcode

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4808 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
ANDREY V. FROLOV ◽  
LILIA A. AKHMETOVA ◽  
MARIA S. VISHNEVSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Scarab Beetle ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the orphnine scarab beetle genus Madecorphnus Paulian, 1992, Madecorphnus grebennikovi Frolov, Akhmetova & Vishnevskaya, new species, is described from the Marojejy National Park, Sava Region, northeastern Madagascar. The new species can be distinguished from the congeners by the parameres narrowly rounded in lateral view and having a small but distinct lateral teeth, and by the endophallic armature consisting of 1) a long straight sclerite with attached to its end a 2/3 shorted, somewhat curved sclerite, 2) separate smaller, elongate sclerite, and 3) a rather large area of microspinules. The 811 bp long fragment of the mitochondrial gene COI (DNA barcode) is provided as a part of the diagnosis of the new species. An updated key to the Madecorphnus species is given. 

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