scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF LEGAL CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: EXPERIENCE FOR UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (75) ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Kidalov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Union Experience ◽  
Legal Classification

scholarly journals Analysis Of The EU Anti-dumping Policy In Terms Of The Revealed Comparative Advantages

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlybek Issabekov ◽  
Adam Mateusz Suchecki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
First Principles ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The World ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
The Eu

Anti-dumping policy is an important instrument of trade policy as far as protecting markets against dishonest practices of foreign suppliers is concerned and it is compliant with international regulations such as e.g. these set by the World Trade Organisation. Generally, dumping concerns exporting commodities at lower prices than a selling price of commodities (so-called normal value). Anti-dumping policy uses appropriate preventive means against dishonest practices in a situation when:- commodity was brought to customs territory of an importing country at dumping prices,- import inflicted damage (or threatens to do it) to importing country’s industry. The first principles of anti-dumping policy were formulated in 1964 at the United Nations Conference and Development UNCTAD. The agreement was signed by 194 countries, including Poland. A similar agreement was also signed by the European Union countries. One of the types of agreements is tariff agreements in which a tool used as a system of cataloguing commodities in international trade is so-called Combined Nomenclature (CN). The system is used in customs proceedings and for registration needs. Anti-dumping proceedings also use HS classification system formulated by the World Customs Organization. The aim of the paper is to determine the proportion of goods covered by anti-dumping proceedings in the value of import conducted by the European Union between 1995–2012. In the empirical research the eight-digit commodity codes CN8 were used as well as HS2 codes that allow grouping imported commodities covered by anti-dumping proceedings by their manufacturing divisions. In that way a determined classification of commodities was used to describe a comparative advantage. To conduct assessment the modified Ballasa index (Bi) and Grupp/Legler index were used. The result of conducted analysis is determination of groups of commodities that are crucial for export of a given country.

scholarly journals Pozycja prawna notariusza w sprawach spadkowych o charakterze transgranicznym Glosa do wyroku Trybunału Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej w sprawie C-658/17 WB

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 303-317
Author(s):  
Kinga Konieczna
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Classification

The commentary presents an analysis of a thesis presented by the Court of Justice of the European Union in Judgment of 23rd of May 2018. The question referred to the Court in case C-658/17 WB concerned legal definition of a ‚court’ and legal classification of the national deed of certification of succession under the provisions of Regulation(EU) No 650/2012. The Judgment states that notary in Poland that draw up a deed of certificate of succession at the unanimous request of all the parties, does not constitute a ‚court’ within the meaning of that provision. Subsequently, a deed drawn up by such authority does not constitute a ‘decision’ within the meaning of that provision. The Judgment is particularly relevant since its impact extends to national certificates of succession issued by notaries in other countries, that are part of the Latin part notary system. In conclusion it is indicated, that the Judgment rendered by Tribunal, although highly rightful, relates to merely one of numerous issues concerning use of authentic documents in cross-border succession cases.

scholarly journals Towards Circular Economy—A Comparative Analysis of the Countries of the European Union

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Ewa Mazur-Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Population Member ◽  
Research Population

There are many studies which implement and assess existing measurement manners and document the progress of entities towards the circular economy (CE) at various levels, or present or propose new possibilities of measurement. The majority of them refer to the micro level. The aim of this paper is to conduct a multidimensional comparative analysis of the implementation of circular economy by EU countries. After an in-depth critical analysis of the literature, CE indicators which were proposed by the European Commission were adopted as a basis. Owing to the research population-Member States of the European Union (EU-28), focusing on the said indicators was declared reasonable in all aspects. The classification of EU countries according to the level of their advancement in the concept of CE was adopted as a main research task. In order to do so, a relevant index of development of circular economy was created (IDCE). This will allow us, inter alia, to trace changes in the spatial differentiation of advancement of the EU countries in implementing CE over the years, to identify CE implementation leaders as well as countries particularly delayed in this regard. The comparative analysis was conducted by means of statistical methods. On the basis of the analyses, it was concluded that among all EU countries, those of the old EU are the most advanced in terms of CE. The analysis confirmed significant rising trends for IDCE only in the case of Belgium and The Netherlands.

scholarly journals Polish “Entrepreneur” and EU “Undertaking”: Multilingualism and Differences in Legal Identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Maciej Etel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Sphere ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Legal Identification ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union and its member-states’ involvement in the economic sphere, manifesting itself in establishing the rules of entrepreneurs’ functioning – their responsibilities and entitlements – requires a precise determination of the addressees of these standards. Proper identification of an entrepreneur is a condition of proper legislation, interpretation, application, control and execution of the law. In this context it is surprising that understanding the term entrepreneur in Polish law and in EU law is not the same, and divergences and differences in identification are fundamental. This fact formed the objective of this article. It is aimed at pointing at key differences in the identification of an entrepreneur between Polish and EU law, explaining the reasons for different concepts, and also the answer to the question: May Poland, as an EU member-state, identify the entrepreneur in a different way than the EU?

scholarly journals THE DETERMINATION OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE INTERNATIONAL PROMOTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Mentor Lecaj ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Political Principles ◽  
The Eu

This paper aims to explain the legal, political and moral obligation of the European Union institutions in the promotion, advancement, respect, and implementation of human rights and freedoms as a universal value, and above all as binding legal- political principles during their efforts in relations with actors both inside and outside the EU. This research work simultaneously analyzes and interprets international legal rules that regulate human rights. Moreover, the cases and means in promoting the human rights used by the European Union in different cultural regions have been compared and analyzed as well as the possibility of changing the approach of EU policy towards countries where the highest level of resistance exist in the accepting of such values.

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