LEGAL AND THEORETICAL IDENTIFICATION OF CYBERCRIME IN THE RUSSIAN LAW SYSTEM AND IN THE RUSSIAN LEGISLATION SYSTEM

The article justifies the usefulness of a theoretical and legal identification of cybercrime in the system of Russian law and the system of Russian legislation. This raises the question of a more general nature: the adaptation of the new category in the theory of law, the criteria and the grounds for its inclusion in the theoretical-categorical apparatus of State and law. The study concludes that there is a need for normative detail on the concept of cybercrime, distinguishing it from related legal categories, and defining the place and role of the new category of cybercrime in of cybercrime in its conceptual and categorical apparatus.

HITUNGAN A JHIONG DALAM PENENTUAN JODOH PADA MASYARAKAT MUSLIM TIONGHOA SURABAYA DALAM PRESPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM

This study intends to explore A Jchiong's calculations in determining a mate in the perspective of Islamic law in the Chinese Muslim Community in Surabaya. This study uses an empirical sociological approach, namely research that includes legal identification (unwritten law) and research on the effectiveness of law in society, namely collecting empirical legal data by means of researchers who go directly to research and explore data about the thinking of the Chinese Muslim Community in Surabaya as research subjects. about A Jchiong's calculations in matchmaking. The results showed that the tradition of determining a mate in the Chinese Muslim community such as using the services of Mak Jomblang or Mi Ren, application or Bingli, marriage contract or Cik Fuk according to Islamic law is fine as long as the tradition of determining a mate that is carried out does not contradict the values ​​of al- Qur'an and al-Hadith. The tradition of determining a mate that they have used is the result of the legacy of their ancestors and ancestors, such as the tradition of calculating A Jchiong, there is a need for alignment with the values ​​of Islamic teachings.

New Principles for Governing Aadhaar: Improving Access and Inclusion, Privacy, Security, and Identity Management

Legal identification for all by 2030 is a global strategic goal under the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 16.9). Legal identification is perceived as a critical element in increasing people’s participation in society and providing them with access to services that can improve their quality of life. Aadhaar, India’s digital identity programme, is the world’s largest identity project aimed at providing foundational ID and access to state welfare across the nation. By 2019, 1.2 billion people had a registered Aadhaar card. National and state welfare services, and increasingly, a host of private sector services, are linked to Aadhaar. However, India’s eID programme has faced significant civil and judicial resistance over matters of privacy, fraud, welfare exclusion and surveillance. This technology assessment focusses on evaluating Aadhaar using four lenses: the accessibility of Aadhaar and its impact on welfare distribution, privacy concerns and contestations, security issues associated with the Aadhaar architecture, and finally the efficacy of identity management processes. Aadhaar’s growing prominence in public and private sector services means that the risks and vulnerabilities in the technology also become embedded in the socio-economic fabric of society. This paper discusses how the current efforts to address highlighted risks are insufficient and drive distrust in the system. This paper concludes by providing recommendations that can help address existing issues. Improving civil society participation in Aadhaar’s current and future direction can help foster trust in the Aadhaar ecosystem. Digital rights training presents an avenue to educate all Aadhaar stakeholders on their data rights, digital risks, and mitigation strategies. Formalizing UIDAI as an independent authority, not tied to the central government, can also improve the transparency and governance of Aadhaar and provide a pathway for greater participation across public sector, private sector and civil society actors and can provide opportunities to develop acceptable innovations on top of the eID system.

Financial literacy and sustainable development in the digital age (legal dimension)

The work is aimed at forming a systematic theoretical and practical approach to the development of financial literacy in the format of sustainable development in the age of the digital revolution. The authors address the current issues of the evolution of the development and legal identification of financial literacy, consider it in the context of human rights and sustainable development of the state. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of financial literacy on the successful fight against poverty. For researchers, practicing lawyers and economists, state and municipal employees, teachers, postgraduates, students of law and economics universities and faculties.

Specifics of the Legal Identification of Finance: Generic Contradictions

In the presented work, the author conducts a critical assessment of the content of the category “finance”, which is basic for the science of financial law, from the point of view of its categorization into state, public and public. The author examines the declared topic in the context of three planes — legislation, science and academic discipline. The purpose of this study is not to systematize and evaluate all available points of view on a selected topic, but to draw the attention of the scientific community to existing contradictions for subsequent critical analysis and development of recommendations. This work begins a cycle of author’s publications devoted to the peculiarities of the legal identification of finance.

Tussen continuïteit en verandering : De invoering van de burgerlijke stand in 18111

Between continuity and change. The introduction of the civil registry office (burgerlijke stand) in 1811The introduction of the civil registry office ‐ burgerlijke stand ‐ in 1811 is often considered a significant caesura in the registration of personal data. While in previous centuries the church mainly performed this duty, the government took the task upon itself after 1811. However, this article asserts that this was in fact an instance of remarkable continuity. Already in the seventeenth and eighteenth century, the government issued laws to ensure accurate registration by the church and to protect the legal identification of citizens. As this contribution shows, it was precisely with regard to this matter that an increase in centralisation took place. Until 1750, it was primarily the local authorities that laid down rules on the registration of persons. In the second half of the eighteenth century, provincial legislation increasingly came into force, and the civil registry was introduced nationally in 1811.

Facial Reconstruction: Anthropometric Studies Regarding the Morphology of the Nose for Romanian Adult Population I: Nose Width

Craniofacial reconstruction often represents a final step in medico-legal identification and is dependent on facial tissue thickness measurements and feature shape estimation. This study’s aim is to create a reliable and readily reproductible method of predicting the maximum nose width (MNW) based on the maximum nasal aperture width (MAW) for a Romanian adult population. A sample of 55 computer tomography (CT) scans consisting of Romanian adult subjects was selected from the database of a neurosurgery hospital. The craniometrics measured consisted of a first measure of MAW and second one of the MNW using 3D systems Freeform Modelling Plus Software. Correlation analysis indicated a moderate link between the MAW and the MNW. Regression analysis showed that MAW and sex form a statistically significant regression pattern (R2 = 0.340, SEE (Standard Error of Estimate) = 3.801). The preliminary results obtained provide reliable predictions of MNW for facial reconstruction based on MAW measured on the skull.

Hart y el problema del positivismo jurídico. Una reconstrucción en tres actos = Hart and the problem of legal positivism. A reconstruction in three acts

RESUMEN: Este trabajo tiene como finalidad destacar la contribución específica de H.L.A. Hart sobre el problema del positivismo jurídico. A juicio del autor, el tratamiento que Hart dio a la polémica entre positivismo jurídico y Derecho Natural estuvo marcada por dos extremos aparentemente contradictorios. Por una parte, se abocó a clarificar las diversas tesis que anidan tras la etiqueta “positivismo jurídico”, así como las posiciones que suelen referirse como tales. Al hacerlo abrió el camino para mostrar en qué sentido no resulta ilógico defender algunas tesis asociadas al mismo o negar otras. Por otra parte, y si bien no asumió una posición que afirmase la conexión necesaria entre Derecho y moral, se ocupó también de mostrar en qué sentido tal conexión existe y es importante. Con dicho objetivo, en el primer apartado se ofrece una reconstrucción detallada sobre el tratamiento que Hart hizo sobre el problema del positivismo jurídico. En el segundo se expone el tratamiento del autor sobre el iusnaturalismo, con la intención de comprender el lugar preciso e implicaciones de su conocida tesis del “contenido mínimo Derecho Natural”. En la tercera parte se aborda la teoría elaborada por Hart sobre el positivismo jurídico, esto es, el “positivismo jurídico hartiano” y las tesis por él defendidas. Importante aquí será su posición respecto a la posibilidad de que la regla de reconocimiento pueda incorporar criterios materiales para la identificación jurídica que nos introduce en una nueva etapa de la nunca acabada polémica. ABSTRACT: The aim of this work is to address H.L.A. Hart’s contribution to the problem of legal positivism. According to the author, Hart’s approach to the controversy of Natural Law/Legal Positivism was characterized by two apparently opposing ends. On the one hand, he clarified the label “Legal Positivism” as well as other approaches that are usually referred as such. In doing so, he paved the way to show in which sense it is not illogical to defend some theses associated with it and in which sense it is not. On the other hand, despite he did not take a stand for the necessary connection between Law and Morals, he did show in what sense such connection may exist and why it is important. To this end, section one offers a detailed reconstruction of Hart’s approach to the problem of legal positivism. In section two the author’s approach to Natural Law is explained so that his well-known thesis of “The Minimum Content of Natural Law”, and what it implies, is properly understood. Section three is devoted to Hart’s theory of Legal Positivism that is “Hartian Legal Positivism”, where his main claims are presented. Hart’s claim on the possibility for the rule of recognition to incorporate material criteria for legal identification or legal validity is particular relevant because it introduces us to a new stage of the never-ending controversy. PALABRAS CLAVE: H.L.A. Hart, positivismo jurídico, teorías de derecho natural, positivismo jurídico incluyenteKEYWORDS: H.L.A. Hart, legal positivism, natural law theories, inclusive legal positivism.