scholarly journals Measuring the Awareness on Financing Long Term Care Cost among Public and Private Sector Employees in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
pp. 1252-1256
Author(s):  
Mazlynda Md Yusuf ◽  
Nur Athirah Ruslan ◽  
Muhammad Safwan Hamdy ◽  
Mohamad Yazis Ali Basah
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Family Care ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Financing long-term care for elderly people is a crucial issue, either towards the family members or the care institution. Corresponding with the growing number of ageing population in Malaysia, there’s a need of concern on the uncertaintiness of future family care and the need for long-term care services. This changing pattern of healthcare and cost over individual’s lifetime is a key component in actuarial field in developing assumptions and projecting the costs. This paper examined the determinants of awareness towards long-term care preparation among employed adults in Malaysia, between public and private sector employees and also between men and women. 1,000 close-ended questionnaires were distributed to random employees in Malaysia and 450 responds were collected. Two tests were analysed using multiple regression analysis. The results from the regression among employees from different sector shows that dependency and health status are significant towards the awareness of preparing for long-term care cost. However, their financial literacy for long-term care cost during old age are still very low. Another result shows that only health status shows a significant result among women compared to men. These results indicate the level of awareness on financing long-term care cost among employees in Malaysia are still low and needs attention.

Interprovincial Comparisons of Public and Private Sector Long-Term Care Facilities for the Elderly in Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Greb ◽  
Larry W. Chambers ◽  
Amiram Gafni ◽  
Ron Goeree ◽  
Roberta Labelle
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Public And Private Sector

scholarly journals Transition of Hospital Acute-Centric to Long Term Care in An Ageing Population in Hong Kong - Is it an issue of service gap?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy K. C. Ng ◽  
Ben Y.F Fong ◽  
Catherine K. Y Kwong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Service Gap

Health expenditure at around 5.7% GDP is low for a developed society like Hong Kong, which is unique in having a dual track of public and private services in its health care system. Such phenomenon has been steady over the last three decades, apparently not affected at all by a major change in the Government in 1997. The public and private sections have equal share of the total health dollars consistently over the years, despite the increase of Government’s annual spending from 11% to 17% since 1990, implying a similar trend in the private sector, which is funded predominantly by out of the pocket expenses with some insurance contribution. However, Hong Kong has the longest life expectancy in the world. This has resulted in the increase in the demand for health and long-term care, casting doubt on whether the traditional model of financing and delivery of care will be sustainable. The Government has pledged that that no one is denied adequate medical treatment due to lack of means, a stance in existence for decades and being reflected by the steady state of public and private share of health expenditure. Apart from two major re-structuring of the governance system, there has been little change in the service provision organisations. The system is often criticized for being heavily hospital based and acute-centric, particularly in the public services. Primary care is taken up predominantly by the private sector, mostly in clinical services, not focusing on prevention. It is apparent that there is a significant service gap, that needs to be examined and addressed systematically before a practical solution can be formulated. A more holistic, humanistic and better integrated system of care, with innovative care patterns, shall be the way forward.

The Impacts of Long-Term Care Insurance on Health Care Utilization and Expenditure: Evidence From China

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Chen ◽  
Jing Ning
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Insurance

Abstract Long-term care insurance (LTCI) is one of the important institutional responses to the growing care needs of the ageing population. Although previous studies have evaluated the impacts of LTCI on health care utilization and expenditure in developed countries, whether such impacts exist in developing countries is unknown. The Chinese government has initiated policy experimentation on LTCI to cope with the growing and unmet need for aged care. Employing a quasi-experiment design, this study aims to examine the policy treatment effect of LTCI on health care utilization and out-of-pocket health expenditure in China. The Propensity Score Matching with Difference-in-difference approach was used to analyse the data obtained from four waves of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Our findings indicated that, in the aspect of health care utilization, the introduction of LTCI significantly reduced the number of outpatient visits by 0.322 times (p<0.05), the number of hospitalizations by 0.158 times (p<0.01), and the length of inpatient stay during last year by 1.441 days (p<0.01). In the aspect of out-of-pocket health expenditure, we found that LTCI significantly reduced the inpatient out-of-pocket health expenditure during last year by 533.47 yuan (p<0.01), but it did not exhibit an impact on the outpatient out-of-pocket health expenditure during last year. LTCI also had a significantly negative impact on the total out-of-pocket health expenditure by 512.56 yuan. These results are stable in the robustness tests. Considering the evident policy treatment effect of LTCI on health care utilization and out-of-pocket health expenditure, the expansion of LTCI could help reduce the needs for health care services and contain the increases in out-of-pocket health care expenditure in China.

The Economics of Long-Term Care

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Siciliani
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Care Home ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
Term Care

Abstract Long-term care expenditure is expected to rise, driven by an ageing population. Given that public long-term care expenditure is high in many OECD countries, governments are increasingly concerned about its future growth. This study focuses on three relevant issues. First, we discuss factors that affect the growth of long-term expenditure and its projections. These include demographics, the balance in provision between informal and formal care, whether higher life expectancy translates into higher disability, the interrelation between health and long-term care, and whether long-term care suffers from Baumol’s disease. Second, given that a significant proportion of long-term care expenditure is nursing- and care-home expenditure, we discuss the role of government regulation aimed at ensuring that individuals receive appropriate quality of care in such institutions. We focus in particular on price regulation, competition, and the non-profit sector; these have been the subject of considerable empirical work (mainly in the United States). Third, we discuss the relative merits of public and private insurance. Countries differ greatly in their approach. Some countries have nearly exclusively public insurance but in others this is small. We consider the conditions under which public insurance can overcome the limitations of a private insurance market.

Matrix of Stages and Process Tools Within the Organizational and Management Mechanism for Providing Services in the System of Long-Term Care for Older Citizens Based on Public-Private Partnership

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
K.A. Samofatova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
Management Mechanism ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Medical Infrastructure ◽  
Older Citizens ◽  
Managerial Mechanism

the article describes a matrix of stages and process tools developed on the basis of algorithms of legal, organizational, technical and financial processes, consisting of a set of stages, processes and tools necessary for the implementation of an infrastructure PPP project in the field of social services, the strict implementation of which will lead to the effective functioning of the organizational and managerial mechanism for providing services in the framework of long-term care for elderly citizens on the basis of publicprivate partnership (PPP), reflecting the interaction between public and private parties within the framework of a concession agreement for the object of social or medical infrastructure with the participation of public, insurance and credit institutions.

scholarly journals SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF NON-VR EXERGAMING ON MOBILITY OUTCOMES OF OLDER ADULTS LIVING IN LONG-TERM CARE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S473-S474
Author(s):  
Charlene H Chu ◽  
Renee Biss ◽  
Afroza Sultana ◽  
Amelie Gauthier-Beaupré ◽  
Arezoo Talebzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Complex Needs

Abstract Introduction: Institutionalized older adults have high-rates of mobility decline resulting in reduced quality of life and increased dependency. Given the ageing population, there has been a proliferation of exergaming technology targeting older adults to maintain their physical activity (PA) levels and prevent decline. However, it is unclear if exergaming is effective to maintain or improve the PA of institutionalized older adults. Method: Four databases (MEDLINE/CINAHL/PsycINFO/Compendex) were systematically searched (key terms like “nursing homes”, exergaming”). Quantitative manuscripts examining the effects of exergaming on PA measures of institutionalized older adults published in English between 2006-present were eligible. Virtual reality was excluded from the search. No meta-analysis was conducted due to hetereogeneity of the results. Results: 11 studies were included from a search that yielded 208 results. The exergaming platforms that were used the most were the Kinect and Wii. The most commonly used PA measures were the Berg Balance Scale and the Timed-up-and-Go (n=4 studies) with no other measures being used in more than one study. Interventions ranged in exercise (e.g. cognitive-motor training, strength training, balance, etc), frequency, duration, and modality. Study designs were also heterogeneous. Articles were of very poor to poor quality. There was minimal reporting on adverse events. Older adults with cognitive impairment were commonly excluded. Challenges in current technology and studying this group are highlighted. Conclusion: Exergaming may be promising to maintain PA but more robust research is needed. More exergaming technology designed for long-term care to meet the specific complex needs of this population is warranted.

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