Transfer of the Catabolic Plasmid Pjp4 in Bacterial Biofilms in Lab-Scale Continuous Flow-Through Cells

Limited Information ◽

Comamonas Testosteroni ◽

Catabolic Plasmid ◽

Biofilm Architecture ◽

Flow Through ◽

Limited information is available on how external environmental factors (e.g., the type of carbon source) affect biofilm architecture, conjugative transfer of the plasmid pJP4 and xenobiotic degradation in biofilms. The aim of this project was to investigate the influence of glucose and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, two different carbon sources which represent the absence and presence of selective pressure, respectively, on the combined effect of biofilm architecture, transfer of the plasmid pJP4 in soil derived mixed culture biofilms and consequent biodegradation of 2,4-D. The pJP4 plasmid was transferred to soil-derived mixed culture recipients in plate mating experiments and isolated transconjugant colonies were characterized as Comamonas testosteroni. Donor and transconjugant cells were not detected microscopically in biofilms and no transconjugant colonies were isolated; however, gfp, dsRed, and tfdB genes were detected in biofilm effluents with and without selective pressure. Heterogeneous biofilm architecture was observed for both with and without selective pressure.

Gene duplication in haloaromatic degradative plasmids pJP4 and pJP2

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m88-121 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 34 (6) ◽

pp. 709-715 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Debabrota Ghosal ◽

In-Soon You

Keyword(s):

Gene Duplication ◽

Tandem Duplication ◽

Selective Pressure ◽

Gene Dosage ◽

Alcaligenes Eutrophus ◽

Phenotypic Change ◽

Inverted Duplication ◽

Catabolic Plasmids

pJP2 and pJP4 are 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic plasmids, and they show DNA sequence homology. Most of the pJP2 molecules (80% or more) isolated from 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid grown cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus harbor a tandem duplication of a 25-kilobase (kb) segment encoding the catabolic functions. Unlike plasmid pJP4, pJP2 in A. eutrophus gives rise to a 3-chlorobenzoate phenotype without further genetic rearrangement. pJP4 under 3-chlorobenzoate selection contains an inverted duplication of 24.5 kb. Absence of selective pressure results in the prompt loss of one copy of the duplication in pJP4, but not of the tandem duplication in pJP2. In both pJP4 and pJP2, mutation of the duplicated copy, rather than gene dosage, is likely to be the basis of phenotypic change of catabolic functions. Experiments using the cloned DNA suggest that a tandem duplication is more stable than an inverted duplication.

Enhanced degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by electro-fenton in flow-through system using B, Co-TNT anode

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133470 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 133470

Author(s):

Jingju Cai ◽

Jinxin Xie ◽

Qizhan Zhang ◽

Minghua Zhou

Keyword(s):

Flow Through ◽

Enhanced Degradation

Cloning and characterization of tfdS, the repressor-activator gene of tfdB, from the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid catabolic plasmid pJP4.

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.172.10.5856-5862.1990 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 172 (10) ◽

pp. 5856-5862 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

B Kaphammer ◽

R H Olsen

Keyword(s):

Catabolic Plasmid ◽

Characterization of a Second tfd Gene Cluster for Chlorophenol and Chlorocatechol Metabolism on Plasmid pJP4 in Ralstonia eutropha JMP134(pJP4)

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.182.15.4165-4172.2000 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 182 (15) ◽

pp. 4165-4172 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Caroline M. Laemmli ◽

Johan H. J. Leveau ◽

Alexander J. B. Zehnder ◽

Jan Roelof van der Meer

Keyword(s):

Ralstonia Eutropha ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Dot Blot ◽

Catabolic Plasmid ◽

Pathway Expression ◽

Dienelactone Hydrolase ◽

Extension Analysis

ABSTRACT Within the 5.9-kb DNA region between the tfdR andtfdK genes on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) catabolic plasmid pJP4 from Ralstonia eutropha JMP134, we identified five open reading frames (ORFs) with significant homology to the genes for chlorocatechol and chlorophenol metabolism (tfdCDEF and tfdB) already present elsewhere on pJP4. The five ORFs were organized and assigned as follows:tfdD II C II E II F IIand tfdB II (in short, thetfd II cluster), by analogy totfdCDEF and tfdB (thetfd I cluster). Primer extension analysis of mRNA isolated from 2,4-D-grown R. eutropha JMP134 identified a single transcription start site in front of the first gene of the cluster, tfdD II, suggesting an operon-like organization for the tfd II genes. By expressing each ORF in Escherichia coli, we confirmed that tfdD II coded for a chloromuconate cycloisomerase, tfdC II coded for a chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase, tfdE II coded for a dienelactone hydrolase, tfdF II coded for a maleylacetate reductase, and tfdB II coded for a chlorophenol hydroxylase. Dot blot hybridizations of mRNA isolated from R. eutropha JMP134 showed that bothtfd I and tfd II genes are transcribed upon induction with 2,4-D. Thus, the functions encoded by the tfd II genes seem to be redundant with respect to those of the tfd I cluster. One reason why the tfd II genes do not disappear from plasmid pJP4 might be the necessity for keeping the regulatory genes for the 2,4-D pathway expression tfdR andtfdS.

The Completely Sequenced Plasmid pEST4011 Contains a Novel IncP1 Backbone and a Catabolic Transposon Harboring tfd Genes for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid Degradation

Journal of Bacteriology ◽

10.1128/jb.186.21.7161-7174.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 186 (21) ◽

pp. 7161-7174 ◽

Cited By ~ 78

Author(s):

Eve Vedler ◽

Merle Vahter ◽

Ain Heinaru

Keyword(s):

Sequence Similarity ◽

Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Original Strain ◽

Insertion Element ◽

Degrading Bacterium ◽

Catabolic Plasmid ◽

Degradative Plasmid

ABSTRACT The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans strain EST4002 contains plasmid pEST4011. This plasmid ensures its host a stable 2,4-D+ phenotype. We determined the complete 76,958-bp nucleotide sequence of pEST4011. This plasmid is a deletion and duplication derivative of pD2M4, the 95-kb highly unstable laboratory ancestor of pEST4011, and was self-generated during different laboratory manipulations performed to increase the stability of the 2,4-D+ phenotype of the original strain, strain D2M4(pD2M4). The 47,935-bp catabolic region of pEST4011 forms a transposon-like structure with identical copies of the hybrid insertion element IS1071::IS1471 at the two ends. The catabolic regions of pEST4011 and pJP4, the best-studied 2,4-D-degradative plasmid, both contain homologous, tfd-like genes for complete 2,4-D degradation, but they have little sequence similarity other than that. The backbone genes of pEST4011 are most similar to the corresponding genes of broad-host-range self-transmissible IncP1 plasmids. The backbones of the other three IncP1 catabolic plasmids that have been sequenced (the 2,4-D-degradative plasmid pJP4, the haloacetate-catabolic plasmid pUO1, and the atrazine-catabolic plasmid pADP-1) are nearly identical to the backbone of R751, the archetype plasmid of the IncP1 β subgroup. We show that despite the overall similarity in plasmid organization, the pEST4011 backbone is sufficiently different (51 to 86% amino acid sequence identity between individual backbone genes) from the backbones of members of the three IncP1 subgroups (theα , β, and γ subgroups) that it belongs to a new IncP1subgroup, the δ subgroup. This conclusion was also supported by a phylogenetic analysis of the trfA2, korA, and traG gene products of different IncP1 plasmids.

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Callus Derived from Marubakaido Apple Rootstock under Different Aluminium Concentrations

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.460e ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 460e-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marisa F. de Oliveira ◽

Gerson R. de L. Fortes ◽

João B. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Shoot Regeneration ◽

Apple Rootstock ◽

Under Five ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Previously Treated ◽

In Vitro Shoot Regeneration

The aim of this work was to evaluate the organogenesis of Marubakaido apple rootstock under different aluminium concentratons. The explants were calli derived from apple internodes treated with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or pichloram at 0.5 and 1.0 μM and under five different aluminium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L). These calli were then treated with aluminium at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/L. It was observed shoot regeneration only for those calli previously treated with pichloram. There were no significant difference among the aluminium concentrations.

Characterization of the Reproductive Mode in Guayule In Vitro

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.483a ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 483a-483

Author(s):

Roy N. Keys ◽

Dennis T. Ray ◽

David A. Dierig

Keyword(s):

Field Experiments ◽

Reproductive Mode ◽

Initial Field ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Reproductive Modes ◽

Desert Southwest ◽

Guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray, Asteraceae) is a latex-producing perennial desert shrub that is potentially of economic importance as an industrial crop for the desert Southwest. It is known to possess complex reproductive modes. Diploids are predominantly sexual and self-incompatible, while polyploids show a range of apomictic potential and self-compatibility. This paper describes the development of a relatively rapid and simple technique for characterizing reproductive modes of breeding lines of P. argentatum. Initial field experiments were based on an auxin test used successfully to characterize reproductive mode in the Poaceae. The application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid inhibited embryo formation in P. argentatum, but this was not the case with other auxins tested. Results of field experiments were ambiguous because: 1) the floral structure of P. argentatum is such that auxins might not have penetrated to the ovules, and 2) there was potential self-fertilization by pollen released within isolation bags. Therefore, in vitro culture of flower heads was tested because it provided much better control of environmental conditions, growth regulator application, and pollen release. Auxin alone, or in combination with gibberellic acid or kinetin, inhibited parthenogenesis in vitro. Embryo production did not vary using two substantially different nutrient media. In vitro flower head culture using a (Nitsch and Nitsch) liquid nutrient medium without growth regulators, enabled characterization of the reproductive mode of seven breeding lines, ranging from predominantly sexual to predominantly apomictic. The results of this technique were substantiated using RAPD analyzes of progeny arrays from controlled crosses.

The role of a metabolic intermediate in the biodegradation of inhibitory substrates

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0352 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 27-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Mungkarndee ◽

S. M. Rao Bhamidimarri ◽

A. J. Mawson ◽

R. Chong

Keyword(s):

The Other ◽

Metabolic Product ◽

Mutual Inhibition ◽

Metabolic Intermediate ◽

Batch Cultures ◽

Ortho Cresol ◽

Biodegradation of the mixed inhibitory substrates, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and para-chloro-ortho-cresol (PCOC) was studied in aerobic batch cultures. Each substrate added beyond certain concentrations inhibited the degradation of the other. This mutual inhibition was found to be enhanced by 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) which is an intermediate metabolic product of 2,4-D. When 2,4-DCP accumulated to approximatelY 40 mg/l degradation of all compounds in the mixed 2,4-D and PCOC substrate system was completely inhibited. The degradation of 2,4-D and PCOC individually was also found to be inhibited by elevated concentrations of 2,4-DCP added externally, while PCOC inhibited the utilization of the intermediate.